Translated from Jules Quicherat (ed.), Procès de condamnation et de réhabilitation de Jeanne d’Arc, dite La Pucelle, tome V — poésies, lettres, comptes et documents divers, avec la notice littéraire des deux procès (Paris: Jules Renouard, Société de l’Histoire de France, 1849).

Extract from the Regulations #

Art. 14. The Council designates the works to be published, and chooses the persons most capable of preparing and of seeing through their publication.

It appoints, for each work to be published, a responsible Commissioner charged with supervising its execution.

The name of the Editor will be placed at the head of each volume.

No volume may appear under the name of the Society without the authorisation of the Council, and unless it is accompanied by a declaration of the responsible Commissioner, stating that the work has seemed to him to merit being published.

The undersigned responsible Commissioner declares that the work of M. Jules Quicherat, containing the sequel to the Trials of Joan of Arc and the literary notice of the same trials, has seemed to him worthy of being published by the Society of the History of France.

Done at Paris, 30 December 1849.

Signed Ch. Lenormant.

Certified,

The Secretary of the Society of the History of France,

J. Desnoyers.

Preface #

The present volume having been three years in the press, one will not be surprised to see certain designations at the beginning in disagreement with those at the end.

It contains the complement of the contemporary testimonies concerning Joan of Arc — a complement supplied as much by the poets of the fifteenth century as by the chroniclers whom I came to know too late to admit into my fourth volume, and by the detached pieces existing in printed collections or in archival repositories. These pieces form the principal matter. I have distributed them under several heads, according to their kind or their object. The slowness with which the printing was carried out allowed me to add at the end a supplement of what had escaped me or had not yet seen the light of day when I stopped my first researches.

Desirous of facilitating every study that can attach itself to the subject, I have admitted into my collection of pieces those which attest the public honours rendered to the memory of the Maid. I have also gathered into a separate section such positive information as we possess concerning an adventuress who succeeded in passing herself off for her several years after her death. Therein lies the foundation of that historical paradox, revived too many times in modern days, according to which the execution of Joan of Arc was but the rehearsal of the sacrifice of Iphigenia.

The system of publication of this volume is the same as that of the preceding one. I have continued to place at the head of each piece or fragment the indications necessary to make known its origin and its value. I regret that this method — the only one suited to a collection composed of so many pieces — did not present itself to my mind from the outset; I should have applied it successively in all the volumes. What I have not done from the beginning I have done towards the end: the notice of the trials and of their publication crowns my obligations — for, as I first believed that this work would find its place at the head of the publication, I announced it in several of my notes under the title of preface, of preliminaries or otherwise. It is enough to warn of the change made in its execution, so that no one stops to look for a preface that does not exist.

Moreover, the composition of this book could offer a serious subject of difficulty for the reader; the analytical table which ends it is intended to remedy this. It refers to the dissertations on the pieces as well as to the matter of the pieces themselves.

Testimonies of the Poets of the Fifteenth Century #

Christine de Pisan #

Here are the only French verses written in the lifetime of Joan of Arc that have come down to us. They were finished on 31 July 1429, at the moment when Charles VII, master of Château-Thierry, could, in three days’ march, appear with his army beneath the walls of Paris and probably enter it without resistance. The expectation of this great event shows through in Christine’s words and leads her to make several prophecies which, if one does not look back to the situation, would be devoid of sense.

In 1429, Christine had reached the age of sixty-seven years. Since the revolution of 1418 she had lived cloistered in an abbey: it is not known which. Her verses on the Maid pass for the last she ever made. De Sinner first pointed them out in his Catalogue des manuscrits de Berne. It has since been found that they had been known and cited by the Dauphiné writer Thomassin. In reporting that author’s testimony on Joan of Arc (vol. IV, p. 310), I omitted his extract — often very incorrect — of Christine’s verses, in view of the present article, where will be found the text of the piece in its entirety, as M. Jubinal published it in 1838 from the Berne manuscript.

1.

I, Christine, who have wept
Eleven years in a closed abbey,
Where I have dwelt ever since
Charles — ’tis a strange thing! —
The king’s son, if I dare say so,
Fled from Paris in haste,
Through the treason enclosed there:
Now at last I begin to laugh.

2.

In goodly joy I begin
To laugh, for the returning season
Which is coming; where I was wont
To keep myself sadly in a cage;
But now I shall change my language
From weeping into song, since I have recovered
The good season… (1)
Well does it seem to me that I have endured.

(1) Verse incomplete in the edition.

3.

In the year one thousand four hundred and twenty-nine,
The sun began to shine again;
It brings back the good new season
That no one had seen in due course
For a long time; of which many
Have lived in grief. I am of those;
But no more do I grieve for anything,
Now that I see what I wish.

4.

So well is the verse turned
From great grief into new joy,
Since the time I have sojourned
Where I am; and the very fair
Season, that is called spring —
God be thanked — which I have desired,
Where everything renews itself
And is born from the dry into the green season.

5.

For the cast-off child
Of the legitimate King of France,
Who long has suffered
Many great troubles, who now at last
Has risen, as one sees, coming forward
As a crowned king,
In very great and fine power
And spurred with golden spurs.

6.

Now let us make feast for our king;
May he be most welcome back!
Rejoicing in his noble array,
Let us all go, great and small,
Before him; let none be held back,
Leading joy to greet him,
Praising God, who has kept him,
Crying Noël! with a loud shout.

7.

But now I wish to recount how
God has done all this by His grace,
Whom I pray that with wisdom
He grant me that I trespass in nothing.
Let it be recounted in every place,
For it is worthy of memory
And of writing, whomever it displease,
In many a chronicle and history.

8.

Hear, throughout the whole world,
A thing marvellous above all;
Note whether God, in whom abounds
All grace, is not succourable
To the right in the end. ‘Tis a notable deed,
Considering the present case;
So may it be a help to the deceived
Whom Fortune has flattered by chance.

9.

And note how no one should be dismayed
By misfortune, seeing oneself hated
With great wrong, and how it came about
By common report. See how Fortune
Is not always the same, for she endures
With many but a night; for God,
Who puts wrongs to rights,
Raises up those in whom hope remains.

10.

Who then saw a thing come to pass
More beyond all expectation —
Which is well to note and remember
In every region — than France,
Of whom mention was made
That she was cast down, being,
By divine mission,
Changed from ill into so great good?

11.

By such miracle, truly, that,
If the thing were not notorious
And evident — what and how —
There is no man who could believe it.
A thing most worthy of memory:
That God, by a tender virgin,
Has at last willed — ’tis true —
To extend over France so great a grace.

12.

O! what honour to the crown
Of France by divine proof!
For by the graces He gives it
It appears how He approves it,
And that He finds more faith in it
Than elsewhere in royal estate; whereby I read
That never — ’tis no new thing —
Did the fleurs-de-lys err in faith.

13.

And you, Charles, king of the French,
Seventh of that high name,
Who had so great a war before
It went well with you — nothing small;
But by God’s grace, now see your renown
High exalted by the Maid,
Who has subdued beneath your pennon
Your enemies: ’tis a new thing.

14.

In a little time, when one thought
It an impossible thing
That your country, which was being lost,
You should ever have back: now it is visible —
Though whoever has been hurtful
To you — you have recovered it.
It is by the Maid — ’tis evident —
God be thanked! who has wrought there.

15.

So I firmly believe that such grace
Would not have been given you by God,
If it were not ordained of Him
That some great solemn thing
Should be accomplished and brought to an end
By you, in time and space;
And that He has given you the destiny
To be the chief of very great deeds.

16.

For a king of France must be —
Charles, son of Charles named —
Who over all kings will be great master;
The prophecies have surnamed him
The flying stag (1); and consummated
Shall be by that conqueror
Many a deed; God has summoned him to this,
And in the end he must be emperor.

(1) Is it in virtue of this prophecy that Charles VII and Louis XI had for support of their arms two winged stags?

17.

All this is the soul’s profit.
I pray God that you be that man,
And that He grant you, without the soul’s grief,
To live so long that you may yet see
Your children grown; and may all joys
Be in France through you and them;
But ever serving God in all ways,
May war commit no outrage there.

18.

And I have hope that you will be good,
Righteous and loving justice,
And that you will surpass all others;
But let not pride disgrace your deeds;
Gentle and propitious to your people,
And fearing God, who has chosen you
For His servant, as you have
Promised Him; but do your duty.

19.

And how will you ever be able
To thank God sufficiently,
To serve Him, fear Him in all your deeds,
That from so great contrariety
He has set you at peace, and all France
Raised from such ruin,
When His very great holy providence
Has made you worthy of so great honour?

20.

For it be You praised, high God! (1)
To You are we all held
To render thanks, who have given time and place
Where these goods have come to pass.
With joined hands, great and small,
We render You thanks, heavenly God,
By whom we have come to peace,
And out of great tempest.

(1) Variant of Thomassin: Ah! be You praised for it, etc.

21.

And you, blessed Maid,
Must you not be forgotten,
Since God has so honoured you,
You who have untied the cord
That held France tightly bound.
Could one praise you enough,
When this land, humbled
By war, you have made to be endowed with peace?

22.

You, Joan, born in a good hour,
Blessed be he who created you!
Maid ordained of God,
In whom the Holy Spirit has put
His great grace; and who had and has
All largesse of high gift —
Never did He refuse you a request:
Who will render you reward enough?

23.

What else can be said more,
Nor of the great deeds of times past?
Moses, into whom God put
Abundance of graces and virtues enough —
He drew, without being wearied,
The people of Israel out of Egypt.
By miracle, in like manner, you have borne
Us back out of ill, chosen Maid.

24.

Considering your person —
You who are a young maiden
To whom God gives strength and power
To be the champion, and she
Who gives to France the breast
Of peace and sweet nourishment,
To cast down the rebel people —
Behold, a thing beyond nature!

25.

For if God wrought by Joshua
Miracles in so great sum —
Conquering places, and many
Were cast down there: he was a man
Strong and puissant. But all in sum,
Behold a woman, a simple shepherdess,
Braver than ever man was at Rome.
As for God, that is a light thing;

26.

But as for us, never have we heard
Tell of so great a marvel;
For all the valiant, in the long run,
Who have been — their prowess
Does not compare with this one’s,
Who watches to drive out our enemies.
But it is God who does this, who counsels her,
In whose heart He has put more than in a man’s.

27.

Of Gideon great account is made,
Who was a simple labourer,
And God made him — so says the tale —
Fight, and none stood against
Him, and he conquered all.
But never so manifest a miracle did He work,
Though He admonished him,
As for this one it is manifest He wrought (1).

(1) Variant of Thomassin: As in this case it appears.

28.

Esther, Judith and Deborah,
Who were ladies of great worth,
By whom God restored
His people who was sore beset,
And of several others I have learned
Who were valiant — there was none such (1);
But miracles He has wrought more (?)
Through this Maid.

(1) Thomassin: Who were first-borns to her. But this is an unhappy correction. Perhaps one should read telle instead of celle.

29.

By miracle was she sent
And by divine admonition,
By the angel of God conveyed
To the king, for his provision.
Her deed is no illusion,
For she has been well proved
By counsel, in conclusion:
To effect the thing is proved;

30.

And she has been well examined.
And before they would believe her,
She was led before clerks and sages,
To search whether she spoke
A true thing, before it was notorious
That God had sent her to the king;
But it has been found in history
That to do this she was commissioned.

31.

For Merlin, and the Sibyl and Bede,
More than five hundred years ago (2), saw her
In spirit, and for remedy
To France put her in their writings;
And their prophecies of her they made,
Saying that she would bear the banner
In the French wars; and they told
Of her deed in all its manner.

(2) Reading given by Thomassin. The Berne manuscript has twenty years ago. Better would be: More than a thousand years ago they saw her.

32.

And her fair life, by faith!
Shows that she is in God’s grace,
Whereby more faith is given
To her deed; for whatever she does,
Always she has God before her face,
Whom she calls upon, serves and beseeches
In deed, in word; nor does she go to any place
Where her devotion is delayed.

33.

O! how well it then appeared,
When the siege was at Orléans,
Where first her strength appeared!
Never a miracle, as I hold,
Was clearer; for God aided
His own so greatly, that the enemies
Helped themselves no more than dead dogs.
There they were taken or put to death.

34.

Ha! what honour to the feminine
Sex! That God loves it, it appears,
When all this great churlish people,
By whom the whole realm was deserted,
By a woman is raised and recovered —
What men could not have done (1) —
And the traitors put to rout;
Scarcely before would they have believed it.

(1) Thomassin: What a hundred thousand men could not have done.

35.

A little girl of sixteen years
— Is it not a thing beyond nature? —
To whom arms are not heavy,
But it seems that her nourishment
Is there, so strong and hardy is she in it,
And before her go fleeing
The enemies, and none endures.
She does this, before our very eyes.

36.

And of them she goes disencumbering France,
Recovering castles and towns.
Never was force so great,
Be they in hundreds, be they in thousands.
And of our men, valiant and able,
She is the principal chieftain.
Such strength had neither Hector nor Achilles;
But all this does God who leads her.

37.

And you, men-at-arms, tried,
Who carry out the execution,
And prove yourselves good and loyal:
Well ought mention of it to be made.
Praised in every nation
Shall you be for it, and without fail
Let it be spoken of, above all choice,
Of you and of your valiance.

38.

Who expose your bodies and lives
For the right, in such hard pain,
And against all perils dare
To go put yourselves in adventure.
Be constant, for I swear to you
You will have glory in heaven and praise;
For he who fights for righteousness
Gains Paradise, I dare say it.

39.

So lower your horns, English,
For never will you have fair game
In France, nor lead your idle jests;
You are mated in the chess-board.
You did not think, the other day,
When you showed yourselves so perilous;
But you were not yet on the path
Where God strikes down the proud.

40.

Already you thought you had won France,
And that she must remain yours.
It goes otherwise, false household!
You will go drumming elsewhere,
If you do not wish to savour
Death, like your companions,
Whom the wolves might well devour,
For dead they lie in the furrows.

41.

And know that, by her, the English
Will be cast down without rising again,
For God wills it, who heard the voices
Of the good whom they wished to grieve.
The blood of the slain, without ceasing,
Cries against them. God wills no more
To suffer it; but to reprove them
As evil men, it is concluded.

42.

In Christendom and in the Church
Shall concord be set by her.
The miscreants of whom they tell
And the heretics of foul life
She will destroy, for so accords
The prophecy that foretold it;
Nor will she have any mercy
On him who blasphemes the faith of God.

43.

Of the Saracens she will make a clearing,
Conquering the Holy Land;
Thither she will lead Charles, may God keep him!
Before he dies she will make that journey.
He is the one who must conquer it:
There must she end her life,
And both the one and the other acquire glory:
There shall the thing be accomplished.

44.

So over all the valiant of old,
This one must bear the crown,
For her deeds already show enough
That God gives her more prowess
Than to all those of whom they tell;
And she has not yet accomplished all.
So I believe that God casts them down here
To the end that peace be by her deed.

45.

So it is the least she has to do
To destroy the Englishry,
For she has a higher aim elsewhere:
It is that the faith be not lost.
As for the English, whoever laughs
Or weeps at it, it is done with them;
In time to come mockery
Will be made of them: they are cast down.

46.

And you, rude rebels,
Who have adhered to them,
Do you not see that it were better for you
To have gone straight than the reverse,
To become slaves to the English?
Take heed lest it happen to you again,
For too long have you been suffered,
And remember well the end.

47.

Do you not perceive, blind people,
That God has laid His hand here?
And whoever does not see it is quite blind;
For how would it be in such wise
That this Maid was sent hither,
Who makes you be struck down dead,
And you have no strength that avails?
Will you fight against God?

48.

Has she not led the king to his anointing (1),
Whom she ever held by the hand?
No greater thing was ever done
Since before Acre; for certain
There were contradictions in plenty;
But in spite of all, with great nobleness,
He was received and fully
Anointed, and there heard the Mass.

(1) Thomassin: Already she leads the king to his anointing; which is in contradiction with the following stanza.

49.

In very great triumph and power
Was Charles crowned at Reims,
In the year one thousand four hundred,
Without doubt, and twenty-nine,
All safe and sound,
With many of his barons,
On the very seventeenth (1) day
Of July, for more and for less.
And there he stayed five days.

(1) Twenty-fifth in Thomassin’s edition, doubtless by an ill-timed correction of M. Buchon, who altered all the texts to conform them to his edition of Monstrelet. The two hemistichs And twenty-nine and for more and for less are wanting in the Berne manuscript.

50.

With him the little Maid,
Returning through his country —
City, nor castle, nor little town
Does not remain. Whether they be loved or hated,
Whether they be dismayed
Or reassured, the inhabitants
Surrender; few are attacked,
So much do they dread her power!

51.

True it is that some, in their folly,
Think to resist; but little it avails,
For in the end, whoever contends,
Pays for the fault before God.
It is for naught; they must surrender,
Will they or nill they; there is no resistance
So strong that it is not dead
At the assault of the Maid.

52.

Though a great company made assembly,
Thinking to bar his return
And to attack him in the rush,
No more need was there of a doctor’s comfort:
For all dead and taken, one by one,
Were the opponents there,
And sent, as I hear tell,
To hell or to paradise.

53.

I know not whether Paris will hold out,
For they are not in it yet,
Nor whether the Maid will wait;
But if it makes itself her enemy,
I fear a hard fight
Will be dealt it, as she has done elsewhere.
If they resist an hour, or half,
It will go ill, I believe, from her deeds.

54.

For into it she will enter, whoever grumbles:
The Maid has promised him.
Paris, do you think that Burgundy
Will prevent him from being put within?
She will not, for she makes nothing
Of her enemies. There is no power
That could keep him out, and subdued
Shall you be, you and your presumption.

55.

O Paris, so ill-advised!
Foolish inhabitants without trust!
Do you prefer to be exiled
Rather than make accord with your prince?
Surely your great contrariness
Will destroy you, if you do not take heed.
Far better it were for you, by supplication,
To beg for mercy: you aim ill at it.

56.

Wicked people within — though good ones
There are many, I doubt not —
But they dare not speak, I answer you,
Those who are sorely displeased, doubtless,
That their prince is thus thrust out.
Yet they will not have been spared
The punishment that is hurled upon
Paris, where many will lose their lives.

57.

And all you rebel towns,
And people who have denied
Your lord, and those men and women
Who have denied him for another:
Now let it be made smooth afterwards
With gentleness, begging pardon;
For if you are handled
By force, you will come late to the boon.

58.

And that there be no slaughter,
Charles holds back as long as he can,
Nor incision in human flesh;
For it grieves him to shed blood.
But in the end, whoever will not surrender,
By fair and gentle means, what is his —
If by force, in effusion
Of blood, he takes it, he does well (1).

(1) Correct: he does well.

59.

Alas! he is so gracious
That he wishes to pardon everyone;
And the Maid makes him do it,
She who follows God. Now order
Your hearts, and give yourselves,
As loyal French, to him;
And when he is heard preached,
You will be blamed by none.

60.

So I pray God that He put it in the hearts
Of you all that you do thus,
So that the raging counsel
Of these wars be erased,
And that you pass your lives
In peace under your chief lord,
So that you never blot him out,
And that he be a good lord towards you.
Amen.

61.

Given this poem by Christine,
In the abovesaid year one thousand four hundred
And twenty-nine, the day the month
Of July ends. But I hear
That some will be ill content
With what it contains, for one who has
A darkened face and heavy eyes
Cannot look upon the light.

Here ends a most beautiful poem made by Christine.

Antoine Astesan #

Antoine Astezan or d’Asti is a very mediocre Latin poet, about whom a sufficiently extended notice will be found in the Jeanne d’Arc of M. Berriat Saint-Prix. The most glorious title of this versifier is that he turned into hexameters the songs of our Charles d’Orléans. He also made epigrams, a historical poem on his country, and heroic epistles. One of the latter, the earliest in date, contains a long episode on the Maid. It was composed in 1430 for the Duke of Orléans, lord of Asti and benefactor of the poet’s family. It is known that at that time the duke was a prisoner in England; Astezan, still a scholar at the University of Pavia, knew him only from having been brought up in reverence for his name and in love for his person:

A worthy wonder, I see, seizes your mind:
That I, who have never spoken with you in living voice,
Nor ever seen you, most humane duke, should have given
These verses to you; but you will wonder no further,
If first you hear how devoted I am to you.
All the forebears I have had, however many they were,
Loved your father with no small ardour, etc.

Such are the first verses of the epistle in question. To report the text at length would be tedious and moreover useless, for the passage relative to Joan of Arc is but the versification of a letter which we give below (no. VII of the detached pieces), a letter written to the Duke of Milan by Perceval de Boulainvilliers. Only, as this letter to the Duke of Milan is of 21 June 1429 and the epistle to the Duke of Orléans is of 1430, for chronological propriety Astezan completed the history of the Maid by means of these six verses:

While the Maid was thus distinguished by these manners
And this virtue, she so protected the peoples
Of the Gauls from the enemy; but almighty God,
When He saw Gaul sufficiently saved from hostile war
By Joan’s virtue, suffered the Gallic wars to be deprived
Of so great an aid and to use only human strength.

Whence it is seen that the epistle was composed and sent after the catastrophe of Compiègne.

By his verses, Astezan attained the office of secretary to the Duke of Orléans. He made a journey to France in 1450 and stayed there several years. Still living when Charles VII died, he wrote, to the glory of that king, several epitaphs, of which one returns to the Maid:

Here lies the Seventh, that Charles, king of the French,
Who was magnanimous and magnificent;
Who, though himself as a boy was nearly bereft
Of all the realm, when the fierce English race
Had snatched it from him, yet afterwards, wondrously,
With the aid of Joan, who was believed the virgin
Messenger of God, drove out and strongly cast back
All his enemies, etc., etc.

I draw these particulars from a copy of the Works of Astezan, the original manuscript of which exists in the Library of Grenoble. M. Champollion-Figeac, owner of this copy, had the kindness to communicate it to me.

Anonymous Author of a Latin Poem on the Arrival of the Maid and on the Deliverance of Orléans #

Unpublished opuscule, transcribed at the end of the rehabilitation trial and by the same hand, in manuscript 5970 of the Bibliothèque Royale. As it could only have been placed there with the assent of the clerks, perhaps even of the judges, this circumstance proves that some value was then attached to it.

The author says at his outset that the world had lately been filled, nuper, with the renown of the Maid. The expression is so vague that it is very difficult to find a date in it. One could have spoken thus as well in Joan’s lifetime as after her death; but if the small number of events employed favours the first of these hypotheses, the mind rather inclines to the second when one reflects that the poet has twice indirectly touched (Book I, verses 142 and 255) upon the kind of execution suffered by his heroine. What is certain is that this poet lived in the time of the Maid. It is even probable that he saw her. Although his narrative contains inaccuracies, even errors, one gladly recognises that he did not copy it from any of the known authors: so one will find in it quite particular circumstances, especially for the period which elapsed between Joan’s arrival at the court and her departure for Orléans. It is unfortunate that this is drowned in that quantity of useless things which poetry entails and which bad poetry renders insupportable.

First Book #

My mind bears me to write a few of the Maid’s deeds,
Yet worthy of men’s reverence — her whom fame
Lately bore through the whole world in its course,
Whom the Englishman felt too bitter, and sweetest France, meanwhile, sweet.
Virgin Mother of God, light that goes before,
Guide my right hand and my wit.

Gaul, weary with the storms of war
And numberless ills, and bristling with sad cares,
Hoped for safety from no quarter:
Above all when she beheld, far and wide,
The cities of her fathers bereft of citizens,
The timorous barons trembling and turned to flight,
The countryside stripped of its tillers.
That pious Charles, the seventh king, went forth
From the seat of his fathers; a fury held the kingdom.
The iron race of horsemen, religion neglected,
Plundered the servants of the law and the lowly
Ministers of the Christian faith; it thrust heaps
Of the people down to the setting of this present life
And breath; it gave God’s temples to be violated.
No fire gleamed on the incense-bearing altars;
The organs of praise were silent; horror was everywhere —
Dread within, and without the cruel sword,
And hostile troops in furious soldiery,
And grief, and mourning, and many an image of death.

Henry, once the unrighteous ruler of the English,
Pressed by the bitter spurs of enlarging his empire (1),
Brought so many unimpaired plagues, in rebel war,
Armed lines and weapons menacing the Gauls,
Into the noble realm of the lily-bearers.
He had seen among them worse than civil wars,
The order of the people confused, and mighty lords
Turned with cruel right hand upon their own vitals.
Nobility fell with the common folk;
Discord drew the Carolian race whither it had never come before.
Blood stands in the temples; the fathers’ rights
Are violated — alas! — and brother falls by brother’s
Bloody sword. O noble race, good France, knowing no guile!
O generous blood, put off, I pray, your sword,
And flow through tears, and strike with yourself
A pact of peace. Let it shame the Gauls to serve
Their ancient foes for ever, and irksomely to bear them as friends.
So then the English king laid waste, for himself,
Both cities and fields, by price, by prayer, by force.
What more? Partly Gaul bowed her neck beneath the impious tyrant.

(1) Correct: stimulis.

How many breasts of bravest youths and men,
While striving to defend their fathers’ bounds,
Have fallen nobly in death! As when, the shepherd gone,
If a wolf should fall upon them, the doubting calves
Hold out their horns in vain: he seizes and slays
With bloody mouth the glory of the stall. But who
Could weep the slain, each death one by one?
At first fortune favoured the Saxons’ labour;
At last by them are swept away both the wealth
Of the region and the manly youth of the realm.
On the Gauls’ losses crafty England grew fat.
Aged fathers wept, maidens wept,
Widowed mothers, and both sexes wept.
All forgive; no friend succours, but each seeks aid;
On their feet together, feeble age and the living
Flower of youth, all in one throng, rush together;
Trembling fear breaks the ranks.
If any by love of his native soil perchance remained,
In his father’s house he is given up to tortures
And scourges, and pours out his life with much blood —
That God, doubtless, who guides all things with strong
Right hand, who, often suddenly overturning
The mightiest, chooses the weak — He lent ear
To the people’s cries, and taught that the wrath
Of princes is vain and without strength. Behold
The wondrous Maid, sprung from a lineage of poorest
Husbandmen — in the realm of the lily-bearers,
In her native land of Bar — she shines forth,
A virgin, to bring new joys to the world.
Her birth, if it is worthy to believe the fame,
Shone clear by given signs. The hanging orb
Of those above resounded with thunder, the sea roared,
The earth quaked, the sky flamed; the world made ready
Its signs of gladness, a new ardour, mingled with dread,
Stirs the wondering peoples, and they sing sweet songs,
And make measured movements, signifying the salvation
To come to the Frankish race by heavenly virtue.

A simple little maiden, nine years old,
After the custom of the place, took her father’s
Tender flocks to rear. She, keeper of the flock,
Wandered in her father’s fields in the shepherds’ manner;
Shunning all fellowship of humankind,
She ever sought solitary places. The wolf prepared
No ambush for the flock, nor the robber.
While she kept the sheep, with eyes and hands uplifted,
Often she prayed thus heavenward in rustic prayer:
O citizens above, win for us peace
From Christ the Lord, and the joys of heaven.
The Almighty looked upon the suppliant’s most worthy
Prayers, and not long after, the Maid already spoken of
Heard a voice sent from the upper hinge
Of the starry realm: Hail, venerable Joan
— that was the virgin’s name — believe that God
Who rules heaven and earth can do all wonders.
He has foreseen you for the cherishing of liberty
And peace. You shall comfort the grieving realm
Of the Franks, and bring back the king driven
From his father’s seat. You shall lift up his people,
Oppressed by the ancient enemy, after many towns
Have been led back in due order and received
Into the king’s allegiance. That Charles may prevail,
You shall lay the foundations. The virgin paled
At these words, touched with dread, and a sudden
Trembling seized her girlish limbs. Being simple
As she was, and rustic, she knew not how to tell
The words, or dared not; but keeping the oracles
Of the heaven-voiced speech within one heart,
She pressed them close, thinking much within herself
And turning them over in her gentle mind.
Soon the frail woman recites again the heavenly
Commands and follows the flock; but the vision,
Through five years, with its uttered words, now by night
And now by day, importunes the timorous virgin’s
Pure ears: The heavenly commands of the starry King,
Joan, fulfil: leave the flock, seek the king
Shining with the flower (1). God has chosen you
For the cherishing of liberty and peace;
You shall comfort the grieving realm of the Franks
And bring back the king driven from his father’s seat.
You shall lift up his people, oppressed
By the ancient enemy, after many towns
Have been turned back in due order and received
Into the king’s allegiance. That Charles may prevail,
You shall lay the foundations. She neglected
The admonitions a second time. Who would believe
That any girl beneath the sky could work such miracles?

(1) That is to say the king of the fleur-de-lys, as was said then.

The most sure order fixed by God’s law came —
The wished-for time when Gaul should see the English
Drawn back, Christ’s years running one thousand
Four hundred, twice ten and nine.
Lo, a voice fallen through the air with sudden sound
Came from the heavens, that stirred bright Olympus
And filled the pious ears of the trembling virgin:
Virgin, break off delays, seize the fleeing time.
Up then, leave the flocks, seek the king shining with the flower.
Curb the crafty English, restore salvation
To the Frankish race, take up the heavenly commands.
So spoke the voice, and to the voice the little maiden
Thus returned: O would that I might fulfil
God’s commands, from whom I see this present voice
Descend, to whom I commit myself, whom I am ready
To obey! But what am I, or what can I do?
How great is my favour? I know no salvation
Of the realm, I know not the king.
By what force can or should a virgin curb
The crafty English? Or if I should but tell
Such things, I shall not even be believed telling them.
Again the voice said: O maiden, to return
To heaven through flames, hear my admonitions.
Delay has harmed those who are ready.
Gird your womanly limbs with manly garb.
Under your lead King Charles shall rejoice; under your lead
He shall receive the crown and conquer many cities.
The rest, which I pass in silence, the grace
Of the fostering Spirit shall suggest to you;
And you shall give greater wonders to future times,
When you shall possess a second life.
Therefore go; gird yourself for the commands.
Behold the stronghold commonly named Vaucouleurs;
Thence its people: seek it and the provost
Of the place; for he will help you and will kindly
Be the first to bring you aid for the journey.
The voice had made an end of words with flashing light,
Which scattered the fields with rays and the clouds with flames.
The virgin, terrified by the strange light, remained alone;
Then hastening she went to her native soil, leaving the fields,
And came to her father’s heaped thatch-roof
Of a poor hovel, and, weeping, made her farewell
And withdrew, and sought the stronghold of Vaucouleurs.
The provost came to meet her, by divine gift;
And thus he addressed the tender Maid in few words:
O virgin, what is the cause of your journey?
Whither do you press on to go? Do you follow straying
Sheep in these valleys, or does your fortune draw you,
Lacking reason? To whom Joan thus briefly
Returned her answers: O man, faithful to the realm
And king of the Franks, I have left the flocks,
Treating of greater business. Hear a little woman,
But not one lacking reason. Under my lead
King Charles shall fight; under my lead he shall receive
The crown and conquer many cities.
I ask you to show me the way and help me,
And you shall be the first to give me aid for the journey.
Grant my prayers. I do not ask unbidden:
God is my fore-ordaining author. To whom the prefect said:
Let it not shame you, maiden, to come under our roof;
You shall break your fast with dainties and your hunger
With food. We have mellow apples,
Green lettuces and plenty of pressed milk;
And the golden sun is turning the world to midday.
Then I will show you the road to the king in easy manner,
And will help you with all my goods and means.
Following the Most High God’s commands with devoted mind,
When the meal was done both returned thanks
In modest speech. Then the kind captain,
Silently beholding the wondrous pledge, bade
Her womanly limbs be clothed in manly garb,
And taught her the way, speaking much of arms.
He added horses and added men. Four chosen youths
Accompany her going. Aloft they are borne,
And come in haste to the citadel of Chinon.
Here the king was holding counsel on the affairs
Of the realm with the first men of the people,
Desiring to succour the long calamities
And to set an end to the people’s tears.
Nor was there any means, in so great a whirlpool
Of things, to bring the help of salvation, unless
The highest grace and present aid of God
Should assist with His wonted goodness.
Therefore the house of the Frankish race, greatest once
And celebrated, which with its light scattered
The whole world of dukes so many and so puissant,
In skill, in valour, in faith, in the price
Of virtue, in honour: poor, bitter, fearful,
Lowly, confused it sat, enduring in the darkness
The shadow of the hostile storm. As when
The wicked south wind gathers rains and clouds
Through the sky with windy blasts, black night
Rushes down, wrapping sea and soil and pole.
Now it hides the sun’s roseate face and sparkling rays,
And plunges them alike in blind blackness;
Now it confounds the attendant flames, now the stars
Of Olympus; through the midst of the showers,
With quivering lightning, the flashes run;
Thunder is made; mortal hearts quake,
And, lying in dread, the renowned valour of men is hidden.
Meanwhile greatest fame, flying, filled the peoples
With various discourse: that a tender Maid had come,
Clothed in manly garb with unaccustomed dress,
And promising, if her words are believed,
To drive off the ancient enemies; to restore to the king
The lily-crown, with much liberty.
So the court is filled with numberless words.
The fame struck the hearts of many men;
In headlong whirlwind hope and fear turn all things.
Here many hasten to believe too quickly;
There the rest more slowly; passion perverts minds:
Some think her a demon, others mock;
Yet the best part believe God can do greater things.
As is wont, the common folk itself is split into parties.
While minds hung wavering, while the thing was unknown,
One man, not the least among the sacred doctors,
Referred these words with eager voice: O king!
O Gallic offspring, lest any sin be done,
Now let this spirit be proved, whether it be
Of those above, as the pious page promises.
The men assented to his words; the masters came
At the king’s command; the Maid came to be tried —
A rustic condition, but her manner was lofty,
Impatient of sickly vice, simple, sincere, honest;
Herself a praiseworthy follower of the Christian faith;
More sparing in dainties than in pure wine;
Most sparing of word; seeking the confessor’s aid
With much fervour, she hears the solemnities of masses
With especial devotion, and knows to seek first
The kingdom of God. Around wars, indeed,
This virgin’s prudence is much exercised;
The safety of realm and king — she knows how
To set youths in arms; to prepare wars;
To impose laws of war and treaties of peace;
To drive off hostile lines; to scale walls
And freely grant pardon to wretches who ask it.
These things seen, the elder seer, who was called
By name Peter, born of the sweet Norman race,
Brought forth from his breast such words into the midst (1):
If this frail sex, living, perchance reaches
Manly years, how many wounds shall the crafty foe
Receive, and how great floods of blood shall the wretched
Englishman vomit forth! But if the glory of the heavens
Should envy you to us, virgin, forbidding you
To care for the labours of the Frankish race,
Since the body’s mass once hinders it, and should bid
You pierce the heavens through fire: purer you shall seek
The stars, the carnal dust struck off,
Seeing clouds and constellations beneath your feet.
And though you shall be present, venerable,
To the angered English; yet to you, conjoined
With those above, we shall bear pious prayers —
You who, with God’s favour, shall work full many
Miracles in the world, if my mind deserves
To know the truth before.

(1) A circumstance related by no other document. I find in the Recueil des Astrologiens célèbres of Simon de Phares only one personage to whom this passage could apply. Here is the article: Messire Pierre de Saint-Vallerien, canon of Paris, expert in medicine and astrology, foretold on the revolution of the year 1435 the great winter; and was sent to Scotland with others to bring Madame Marguerite of Scotland to France, whom Louis, Dauphin of France, espoused. (Manuscript B.R., 7487 French.)

The king, therefore, sure that the virgin’s office
Was led by divine power, bade the Maid be summoned.
At her coming the court is thronged with much soldiery:
There is a stir; each man rejoices to hope safety
For himself. So, at first sight of Pallas,
The warlike virgin, the African race murmured
Around resounding Triton. But when the king gave silence
With his majesty’s hand, the intent Franks held
Their mouths silent together. Then the pious king himself
Addressed the Maid, eager for arms, in few words:
It had been a hard thing for us to believe, virgin,
All that fame at first reported of you;
Yet behold, ample faith in our minds,
Doubt laid aside, has now become clear concerning you.
Therefore, the words of the Most High God —
To be cherished with such newness — and your office,
And what commands you bid us take up, in sum (1):
We open ready ears to you.

(1) A copyist’s error. An imperative verb is required, like instaura.

He had spoken, and the virgin, turning her face
Reverently, returns such words: O king, O Charles,
Honour-bearing light of kings, defender of the faith
And of fostering Church, nobler offspring
And mighty in arms — it is needful first
That you have courage and manly strength of mind,
For great care follows you as ruler,
Whose shoulders so great a commonwealth of the realm
Weighs down, and the bowed Gallic house assails.
With suppliant prayer to the ruling God now,
O king, may you be willing to serve the King,
A lord to the Lord who rules, who granted
That you may at last by the sword drive off
The Saxon English, the ancient foes, from the Carolian
Realms; and that you be tinged with consecrated chrism
And crowned after the manner of former kings.
That you may see, doubtless, those ancient foes
Of the Frankish name driven back by Christ’s virtue,
Not your own, and yourself restored
Into your kingdom or crowned, a woman came
As leader of the deed. That Charles may prevail,
I shall lay the foundations. I myself will first
Be armed in gleaming arms, and will bear a standard
Signed with the image of the heavenly King;
Round about shall flower the lilies of the realm.
The warrior troop shall follow me with nearer step.
Moreover the almighty Lord, who bids time move on
From eternity, who created us men and all things,
Sees the brambles of errors grow many — that with piety
They contemn the faith, forsake the straight path
Of exceeding virtue, and evils arise in the multitude.
That therefore the vices, torn up by the root,
Many in number, and the seeds of virtues may grow
More widely on every side, God has taken you
To Himself, as a husbandman through his fields.
Be pious, O good king, like that great Charles
From whose example you draw your name in long succession;
Nor without God’s intent do you run seventh,
Nay filled with the sevenfold gift; now, a second Charles,
You shall wage other wars for Christ’s sacred name,
To give peace and liberty to the Church.
O then, gladly enclose your limbs, consecrated
By all the starry arms, and gird your thigh
With a strong sword, and take your shield
Upon your neck, strenuous one; and mighty of soul,
Lover of virtue and of equity,
Be gracious to the good, to the wicked a foe
To be feared; be spotless, to be gazed on
By lands and stars; be mindful of God and of me,
And of pious things — for God, in the rich treasuries
Of heaven, keeps hidden many miracles which He
Will make in fit season. Be ever ready
To obey His commands. The virgin had finished;
To whom the king said: I assent to your prayers;
Nay, let us all obey God’s commands rejoicing —
Him who rains sudden aid on those hoping in Him,
Who alone, governing peoples, kings and kingdoms,
Has often entrusted salvation to the human race
By womanly hands. Why should I tell of Judith’s
Brave heart? Why the praises of noble queen Esther?
The sweetest virgin Mary alone was the woman
Who with tears renewed joys to a full world.
He spoke, and the stars were radiant in the dark night,
When these things were fulfilled; and making an end,
They withdraw.

(1) Copyist’s error. An imperative verb is required, such as instaura.

Here ends the First Book.

Second Book #

Thus far the coming of the virgin and her office
And the cause of her journey have been shown to you;
Now her deeds follow. There is a city of the Franks,
They called it Orléans, rich enough in wealth
And safest with high walls. Round it a crown
Of towers girded seven gates, beside which
Flows with great flood the Loire, coming
From the Alvernian mounts, and borne with rapid
Billows into the sea’s waves. France cleft herself
In discordant part by the river: on this side
The boundary for the Franks, on that the boundary
For the English. The Gallic king possessed
The outer part; the Englishman occupies the inner,
The richer in towns and peoples; but Orléans
Had remained under the king of the Franks.
The Saxons came with proud array; they prepare
To gird its walls with siege, desiring
To destroy it wholly or to keep it for their king.
The wicked man knows how to presume, never content
With what he has gained, and seeking greater things
Opens other jaws for himself. O savage plague
Of the soul, realm-ruining greed! Now the cohort
Is driven by furies, now the warlike Englishman
Urges on the crime; yet it pleased them first,
Before untamed rage, to try the men with gentle speech.
Meanwhile Henricus (1), the Saxons’ leader, from without
Addressed the besieged: You see what fortune is,
O citizens, how great experience in our arms.
Our king is victor, yours everywhere defeated;
In our hands are death and life and safety.
Take counsel for the common good, if you wish to live safe.
Now give up the keys, conquered by better arms.
To him thus boasting the besieged youth answered
With one man’s mouth: Joined in concordant treaty,
We need no admonition: we see what fortune is,
And we follow the Frankish king. If you prepare
Impious wars, we surely shall never die unavenged.
Moreover the time shall come when, conquered,
The Englishman shall depart, shamefully cast out
From our bounds. The Gallic land cannot bear
Cruel tyrants. But go quickly far from our walls;
For why does it please to waste words? He spoke:
Now thick fly the blows of slings, now weapons
And winged arrows together; the madness of arms
And the savage lust of slaughter grew,
And Bellona poured out human gore.
Not otherwise did those above confound with lightning
The giants’ dire endeavours, of Caius and savage
Typhoeus and the sworn brothers to rend the heavens.
They went to every impiety; but night’s shadow
Falling from above, wrapping the peoples,
Repressed both parties.

(1) What English general’s name is hidden beneath this corrupted word?

(2) Correct: aut.

Not far from the high walls, under night,
The English set seven camps in order
At the seven gates, enclosing them
With a mighty rampart’s strength, and thence
They hasten to gird the fields far and wide with a ditch.
The work boils up, a scarce-stormable mound arises:
The Orléanais, at the sun’s risen light,
See the English camps around, and the sudden
Labours of the past night; the Saxons running
Over the fields full of ambush, the wretched
Husbandmen trembling and dragged headlong
Into captive bounds; no path lay open
To the city for those who sought it;
The bloody foe occupies every way.
The citizens, possessed of valour and counsel given,
With one accord desire to succumb to death
Sooner than to bear the English tyrants.
Therefore they prepare to defend the walls with arms,
To overthrow the camps when the foes are expelled,
To meet death, to oppose arms to the proud-making
Arms, and to commit themselves and theirs
To the sacred lily-bearing king.
For a long time now the youth besieged
Within the walls had borne all the weights
Of wars, when stealthy famine,
All victuals consumed, rushed in and filled
The peoples with wretched terror.
Nor was there hope of succour anywhere
For the hungry in human things;
But bellowing with loud voice,
All besought with tearful weeping
The heavenly aid of God. Although a great way
Lay between them and the royal roofs, so great
An anguish resounded in the distant ears of the king.
He shuddered with dread, broken by love
Of his peoples; then raging with grief
He turned his eyes upon all his men-at-arms,
Helpless and few in the joined storm.
He redoubles his groans; but the virgin raised her voice:
This labour seeks me, noble King Charles;
I shall go, I shall go; I shall bear grain
To the fasting citizens, and I shall plunder
The English tents and overthrow the high camps
From the foundation. The cruel foe shall fall
And we shall conquer them: believe the prophetess’s words.
There is here with you one horse swifter than these,
Which once that valiant man Peter, lord of Beauvau (1),
Gave to your brother — faithful and beloved by you,
And who suffered many wounds for you in war,
Now known through all the world. This courser
I ask; borne upon him, I shall sit.
Give me, king, likewise a thousand men covered
In all arms, and two hundred, warlike only.
I shall arm myself as well and go before
My comrades armed, and I shall bear a standard
Signed with the image of the heavenly King:
Round about shall flower the lilies of the realm.
The warrior troop shall follow me with nearer step.
Each one shall bear the sign of the cross
Upon his shield, and upon his arms
Your name, O Christ. We shall go in such order.
She had spoken, and the king obeyed her words.

(1) This Pierre de Beauvau, governor of Anjou and Maine, seneschal of Anjou and Provence, was the greatest personage of the court of Louis III, king of Sicily. The deed on whose occasion he is named here is found nowhere else. As for the brother of Charles VII to whom he had made gift of a horse, one may hesitate between the dauphin Louis who died in 1416, or the dauphin Jean who died in 1417; so that this horse was very old indeed.

So she went forth, bearing the standards,
Her column arrayed — the Maid.
She urges her horse with pricking spurs,
And each man-at-arms and soldier follows Joan
Going before. One idle youth, born of noble blood,
By name Furtivolus (2), an unjust master of love,
Sitting high on his horse and burning with base lust,
Was talkative and vain. Meeting the Maid,
When he saw her tender, bearing arms to the neck,
Gleaming in unaccustomed dress and iron’s hardness,
Grave with open brow and lovely with beauty
Of countenance, and ruling her swift steed
With better rein and holding the standards
Of faith with her own hand: bereft of mind,
He poured from his breast such words:
O would that it were granted me to fight,
Bare with the bare girl; having overcome
In girlish combat, I should go off victor!
The wretch had spoken, and, a trembling coming over him,
He suddenly fell and quivered, slain by sudden death.
Therefore, wandering youths, curb your reins;
Fearing light mouths and hands, since sad words
Of the wicked are stirred by such examples.

(2) This name seems to be only a sobriquet. The personage is named by no other author; but the anecdote is given at length in the deposition of Jean Pasquerel, vol. III, p. 102.

Cease, reader, to admire the womanly acts
Of past ages and the battles waged by maidens
With mighty valour, to which heathen poets
Have often dictated songs. Now let mighty Amazon
Penthesilea cease to be named; now wondrous
Semiramis of old grows common, forgotten;
Now the deeds of the virgin Camilla, O Virgil,
Held so clear in your voice, lie hid.
I complain indeed that the deeds of great men are small:
Nor shall soft things come to be celebrated
By such words. Great Maeonides and he feared
By the Thunderer, and Pyrrhus, spirited alike
In his father’s image, and pious Aeneas,
And eloquent Ulysses too — pressed down
With their companions they shall yield to womanly praise.
It is not meet henceforth to sing Herculean labours,
Though while yet small he crushed the twin serpents,
Preluding the Hydra; though he sent down
To black death the vigilant keeper of the rich garden,
And slew with the sword the bull that wandered
A terror to peoples through the pastures of Crete;
And the swift lion and the lightning boar;
Though he prostrated Antaeus on the Libyan sands,
And dragged the three-throated dog’s necks
Bound in dreadful chains. For the labour
Of one Maid through the Gallic fields shall be
Greater than these, and she shall tame greater monsters.
Let us sing her over; let us give her new songs.
O glory! O mirror for the fields! O goddess
Of the countryside! O crowned with various roses
And red purple, beautifully mingled through the white lilies!
O fragrant with violets! O threshing-floor
Of salvation for the citizens, bestowing counsel,
Pouring comfort to the grieving! O terror
Of the English-born! O missile lightning-bolt
To the wicked! O leader of the warlike race,
Yet great glory to the lily-bearing king!
I marvel who, how, when, has priced you
With the gift of such fair praises.
Not flesh, not blood, nor a grandsire counting ancestors
Conferred such glory on you; not the long train
Of years in a long line, nor experience of things,
Nor the wealth of kings or of the race,
Nor the throng of sages; but eternal God
And virtue equal to all, which loves all —
Great, lowly, middling. For the powerful Maid
Merited the honour of a noble mind
Beneath the hay-lofts and small farm
Of a poor husbandman — she, foster-child
Of so great a sire, who, keeper of the flocks,
Wandered in empty fields until her fifteenth summer
Rose again for her. Do we believe this,
Or fashion dreams? And yet I bring true report.
Then, leaving the flowers of the poor garden
And the woolly flock, she tamed the herds
Of armed men — a chieftain greater than a great host —
And ministered serving weapons to the king.
O happy woman, whose memorable name,
While battles shall be, shall be venerated
Through all the age!

She herself, surmounting the ways,
Swimming mounts and rivers, girt by foes
And a small soldiery, bringing the succour
Of life — the manly virgin, with swift impulse,
The English much marvelling and even unwilling,
Passed into the besieged city and filled
The hungry with meats and grain.
With new bread the youths rejoice,
They throng the sacred rites; songs of gladness
Run among the thousands of the people.
The starving throng of the wretched could scarce
Believe the virgin’s aid, bringing the gifts of life;
And when faith was made plain, the false veil cast off,
The people sat down to feast. Now both sexes
In silence snatch the dainties from the tables
And wines from the flagons. From the dainties
Went forth vigour, and by Bacchus’ divine gift
A greater daring clave to their spirits,
When their limbs, sated, are repaired in strength.
Therefore the youths, filled, singing sweet melody,
Shook the following night with praises and psalms.
The other day, risen, had grown from the light-bringing
Hinge of the sun, about to see the English in rout.

Then Joan comforts her comrades with clear voice:
O brave souls, O happy Gallic youth,
O chosen race, surpassing with your arms —
Today the King of heaven shall offer great honours.
To the English-born fortune has until now
Given favour in headlong whirlwind;
But moved with her wonted motions she shall give
Her back to those to whom she showed her face before.
Now comes to us from the Lord of heaven
A safer victory, resounding through the long
Times of the age. Therefore let each soldier
Stand fixed in his rank, man-at-arms and foot,
And in hope take up the battle.
This I foretell you: for the many I shall now
Endure one wound, perchance a little hurtful to me.
She had spoken, and all murmured with various speech.
The clamour of men and blare of trumpets resounded;
Each soldier stands raging for arms, ready for battle.

With like exhortation, greatest Caesar,
Did you once summon to war your comrades
Pent within narrow walls, promising ample rewards
To the victors against Pompey flying
Through the Thessalian fields. The English then
Ran this way up and that way down;
They prepare the camps with arms and to defend
Themselves, and to take the fields and the space
Of earth for themselves; at last the virgin Maid,
Rushing through weapons, through columns,
Addresses the savage foes: Now on condition,
Under the spear — these places, Saxons,
Surrender to the king of the Franks.
Trust my counsel; you can save your lives.
Scarcely had she spoken thus, when an arrow,
Driven from the string, flew and pierced
The virgin’s right shoulder. She would have fallen
From her horse; but one swift man-at-arms
Caught her maiden limbs and bending members,
And, drawing the iron by force, dried the wound
And its hurt trace, the rosy gore being shed
Through her white limbs; with gentle hands
And soft silk he wiped it, and then,
A warm medicine of oil poured over it,
He also put a little of black wool
With its juice (1) beneath, and bound the wound
Sweetly on the instant, and gave her back
Her arms as she sought them again.
Fiercer after the wound the virgin runs back
To the fight and exhorts her comrades
With renewed voice: Scale now the walls, youths,
Drive off the conquered, ruinous foes,
For the highest grace aids us!
They do not otherwise than she bade;
Now they beat the strong walls with engines
And the sling’s uneven blow. Hence wild weapons
Rain down, and thence more by hail
Are the men’s golden shields beaten
And the empty helms. Slain bodies lie;
The English camps stream with purple gore;
The wretched die unavenged, or flee in fear,
Or, captive, beg for bonds.

(1) Fault of the manuscript. Read succo (?)

The Gauls hurl fire through the rampart’s oaks.
It burns the timbers and loosens the great stones;
It fell forward, and the mound, greater in falling,
Was laid bare. Four tents in number were taken
And destroyed together, in the first whirlwind
Of the battle; but three camps remained
Through the near night, whose keepers,
Broken by too great dread, seeing their comrades
Conquered by the Maid’s virtue,
Slip away silently through the friendly silences
Of night and, trusting only to their feet,
Leave the camps. Scarcely had it been granted
To human powers — but rather to heavenly —
To drive off that siege, to which England had sent,
With especial virtues, her flowers and great-souled
Leaders and men mighty in arms for wars,
And youths taught to fight with arrows.
Again Orléans sounds more joyfully
With praises and psalms, and renders solemn rites
To the King above, by whose aid victory
Had come to the city. Then the Gallic valour
Of the youths, wondrous to relate — unhurt
By wound, unscathed by missiles — divides
Among them the spoil found, at the Maid’s command;
And the victors, joyful in the divine gift,
Bore back the English bound in manifold ropes,
And, celebrating the Maid with triumphal praise,
Carried the victorious weapons to the lily-bearing king.

Here it ends, thanks be to God.

Martin Le Franc #

This author, who was provost of the cathedral of Lausanne, published in 1440, under the title of Champion des Dames, a counterpart of the Romance of the Rose, in which he introduced the curious discussion that will now be read. The passage deserves every consideration, not only on account of its date — for it was written sixteen years before the legal rehabilitation of the Maid — but also because the work to which it belongs was dedicated to the Duke of Burgundy. I give the text not after the editions, which are all defective, but after a magnificent manuscript made at Arras in 1451 for the use of the duke himself. It is no. 632-2 of the French Supplement in the Bibliothèque Royale.

Of my lady Joan the Maid, newly seen in France #

THE CHAMPION.

What could the duchesses do
Against their harmful enemies,
The queens and the princesses?
What will the knowing ones think of it,
When lately a maid, without
Abundance of worldly goods,
Has broken all the mightiest
And put to death the swiftest?
Of the Maid I wish to speak,
Who delivered Orléans,
Where Salisbury lost his eye,
And then an ill death struck him.
It was she who recovered
The honour of the French in such wise
That by right she shall have
Renown of it perpetually.
You know how she was apprised
To bear lances and harness;
How by her great enterprise
The English were cast down;
How from Bourges or from Blois
The king sallied under her surety,
And in a very great host of French
Went before Paris in France.
Whence it came, and why and how:
You know it well, so I will be silent;
But whoever in book or comment
Should wish to retell her miracles,
It will be said that it could not be
That Joan had not a divine spirit
Which to accomplish such things
Thus inflamed and inspired her.

The adversary answers the Champion, and briefly recounts the error and the abuse that had been made of Joan the Maid.

SHORT-UNDERSTANDING.

When you heard brother Thomas (1),
Answered Short-Understanding,
Did you not judge and affirm
That he lived most saintly?
Did not all cry commonly:
‘Tis a saint come on earth?
Nevertheless you know certainly
To what end he came.
He was not priest nor subdeacon,
And yet he sang mass
With subdeacon and deacon.
Happy was he who was not there;
Scarcely did they kiss the earth
On which he had walked;
He did with the people at his will:
There was no other market.
Now he was burnt on the Roman
Capitol, his malice seen.
Thus I say that foolish folk
Are very lightly deceived;
And a great fraud, conceived
And conducted by a lively wit,
In the time that runs, is not perceived
Nor known by all people.
Without speaking in many a wise
Of how the Maid armed herself,
Can no one who loved Orléans
Perceive this saint —
Who emboldened and inflamed her
And taught her what she should say?
But, by God, as I am told,
Much otherwise it would be done.
I have been told for certain
That, like a page, she served
In her youth a captain,
Where she saw the art of bearing harness;
And when youth ravished her
And she wished to show her sex,
She was counselled to take to
Bearing harness and lance;
Then Force, considering her manner,
That to Orléans she would come
And, like a simple shepherdess,
Would ask and answer,
And how she would give signs
To the king and to his parliament,
By which it would be understood
That she came divinely.
Force also — those who told her
That she should use this practice —
Advised several of the English
To use the necromantic art,
And thus their faith, which was founded
On so frail a foundation,
And their fantastic hardihood
Would abuse in divers ways.
Then in time how they believed
In this contrived farce,
As soon as fortune increased
Her deeds — there was the voice raised:
Now the war shall be ended,
So help us God and Saint Avoye!
Surely the thing is well proved:
God sends the Maid into France!

(1) Here the manuscript bears in marginal gloss: Of the abuse and error of brother Thomas Couette, native of Le Mans, taken by order of Eugene, Pope IV, in Carmelite habit, degraded and burnt at Rome on the Capitol. The history of Thomas Couette is told at length by Monstrelet, at the years 1428 and 1432.

The excuse of Joan the Maid #

THE CHAMPION.

She could not have made the signs,
Said the Champion frankly,
If God by His worthy powers
Had not made her advancement.
Also she did in a moment
What had not been done twenty years before.
To whom God gives hardihood,
He conquers always and draws ahead:
Also I believe in good faith
That the angels accompanied her,
For they, as I see in Jerome,
Love and embrace chastity;
And I hold it true that they helped her
To gain the strong bulwarks,
And at Patay put out the eyes
Of the English cast to the ground.
Also let it be no marvel to you,
Though it be an unwonted thing,
If the Maid clothed herself
In doublet and shortened robe;
For she was the more dreaded for it,
And open and light,
And counted for a proud prince,
Not for a simple shepherdess.
A hat of felt she wore,
A struck huque and short robes:
I grant it; also her deed was other
Than that of all women.
The long coat — doubt not —
For deeds of war is not good.
Item, very often you hear
That the habit makes not the monk.
Proper arms require garb;
There is none so foolish but he knows it.
Some are fitting to be in town,
Others to bear lance or axe.
When a falcon is loosed at prey,
Its long pendents are taken off.
Also he who hunts his enemies
Has no need of a long coat.
Let them say of her what they will —
Theirs is the speaking and the silence;
But her praises shall not fail
For the lies they may make.
What more need be retold?
By her virtue, by her valiance,
In despite of every adversary,
Crowned was the king of France.

THE ADVERSARY.

I hold this language frivolous,
For never did God send her,
Said the adversary with the false face,
Who has great spite at Joan.
Ha! he said — presumption
Led her too far astray, whatever they say!
Reason also destined her
To be burnt at Rouen in Normandy.

THE CHAMPION.

That is ill understood, fat head,
Replied Free-Will promptly.
Of how many saints do we keep the feast
Who died shamefully!
Think of Jesus first,
And then of His blessed martyrs;
Then you will judge evidently
That in this deed you know not yourself.
Your arguments are worth little
Against the innocent Maid,
Or that of God’s secret judgments
Worse should be felt upon her;
And it is right that all consent
To give her honour and glory
For her most excellent virtue,
For her strength and for her victory.

THE AUTHOR.

Then the adversary, angered
To hear Joan preached,
Said to him: You have preached too much of her;
Think to blazon another.
One could bring none worse
To accomplish what you wish;
For it is enough to drive one mad
Or to tear out one’s hair.

Martial d’Auvergne #

Martial called d’Auvergne, born in Paris in 1440, died in 1508, was procurator at the Parlement and notary of the Châtelet. Under the title of Vigiles du roi Charles VII, he rhymed the chronicle of Jean Chartier with a facility which earned him the greatest reputation. This work was finished in 1484 and offered to King Charles VIII. The manuscript which served for the dedication is in the Bibliothèque Royale (no. 9677). At the end is read the following subscription traced in vermilion: Here end the Vigils of the death of the late Charles Seventh, in nine psalms and nine lessons, finished at Chaillot near Paris, on Michaelmas eve in the year fourteen eighty-four. Excuse the author who is new. Marcial of Paris. The author calls himself new: it must be understood of the trade of verse.

The Vigils of Charles VII have had many gothic editions. The moderns have held them in less favour, for they have been reprinted but once in the last century. We extract from them what concerns Joan of Arc, although the substance of the narrative is the same as Chartier’s; but one finds in it, besides some differences of detail, interesting reflections and a mention of the rehabilitation trial — the only one that has been consigned to a French writing of the fifteenth century.

In this season of sorrow (1)
Came to the king a shepherdess
From the village called Vaucouleurs,
Whom they named Joan the Maid:
She was a poor shepherdess
Who kept the ewes in the fields,
Of a sweet and humble manner,
Of the age of eighteen years.

(1) The battle of the Herrings.

Before the king they led her,
One or two of her acquaintance,
And then she bowed,
Doing him reverence.
The king in jest went on to say:
Ha! my dear, I am not he.
To which she answered: Sire,
It is you, and I do not err.

In God’s name, she said,
Gentle king, I shall lead you
To be crowned at Reims, whoever watches,
And I shall raise the siege of Orléans.
The late king, without being moved,
Had clerks and doctors chosen,
To question her and know
Who moved her to say this.

At Chinon she was questioned
By some and others very greatly,
To whom, for assigned reason,
She answered wisely.
Each one marvelled at her,
And to come to the truth,
She spoke of several great things
That have since been seen to come to pass.

She said all publicly:
That the late king would recover
All his kingdom entirely,
And that God would help him so.
Which words and terms finished,
She asked the king and his people
That they give her harness and arms
To go to Orléans.

The said supplication
Was granted without contradiction,
And by deliberation
She had men-at-arms to conduct her.
Loré and other men of war
Took her to Blois,
Whence she took road and land
To go upon the English.

Victuals and goods were loaded
To bring into Orléans,
And the French lay that night
In Sologne amid the fields.
The next day they came to close
Near a bastille fiercely,
So that they made the English
Abandon it very lightly.

Notwithstanding all resistance,
The Maid and the French passed,
With all their victuals and power;
Whereby they greatly comforted the town.
Afterwards, they returned to Blois,
She prayed that they should fetch
From the church of Fierbois
A sword, for her, of war.

Thither they sent without gainsay,
And the said sword was found
Just as she had said,
And afterwards it was brought to her (1).
Dunois then came to arrive,
Praying each that duty be done
To go raise the said siege,
Or all was lost indeed.

(1) Anachronism.

On the eve of the Ascension,
In the year four hundred twenty-nine,
All took such affection
To go there, and new courage.
So they departed in fair array,
Desiring to labour there,
Bringing her victuals and carts
To victual the French.

The same Maid had it said
To the English, howsoever it might be,
That they should go off at a fair pace,
If they did not wish it to go ill with them.
Out of despite and to avenge themselves,
They seized on every side
That herald and messenger,
Wishing him to be burnt and burned.

So they sent to Paris,
To counsel them thereon;
But meanwhile they were undone,
And the said herald had no ill at all.
The French entered the town
With their victuals and standard,
In the presence of the English, who dared not
Then stir from their boulevard.

About three hours after,
The chiefs of war and men of the town,
The Maid being hard by,
Gained a bastille.
There died some sixty English,
And of their men and partisans
Were surrendered to the Count of Dunois
Some twenty-two prisoners.

In the evening the French crossed
The river towards the Sologne,
To assail in the manner
In which the work had been undertaken.
The English being in the bastilles
Of the Beauce and of the Augustins,
Did no great skirmishing that day,
And there were no great blows nor din.

But when the French, late in the day,
Would recross in their boats,
The English sallied out against them,
Thinking to kill and wound them.
Whereon firm foot they held to them,
And after a very great fight,
The French did so much that they took
And gained a bastille.

One Saturday, the morrow,
They had much of pain,
Fighting hand to hand
Against the bastille of the bridge.
Each struck as if stunned,
Hoping to win the ditch;
And the assault lasted from noon
Until the sun was hidden.

The Maid had a blow
From an arrow that glanced upon her;
But notwithstanding the pain and all,
Never did she leave the host for it.
Each one with heart and courage
Laboured there with great power;
And one would have seen done there
Feats of arms and of valiance.

So it befell that in one movement
The French entered the town,
And that by arms valiantly
They gained the said bastilles.
There were many English slain
In this assault, as one may believe,
And the others were drowned
By their bridge which sank in the Loire.

In the town, the news known,
All the bells were rung,
Making a marvellous great feast,
And everywhere they sang Te Deum.
And there the Count of Dunois,
The admiral, Poton and La Hire,
Gaucourt and other French chiefs,
Did great valiance, to tell the truth.

Talbot, on the Sunday morning,
Abandoned the said siege,
And took his way and road
Towards Meung-sur-Loire, whither he drew.
As Talbot went away,
An Augustin, his confessor,
Would have brought a French prisoner
After his lord.

But the said Frenchman, in irons,
By the Augustin before the people,
Had himself carried, willy-nilly,
On his neck into Orléans.
After, the Earl of Suffolk,
With five hundred English lances,
Came to Jargeau to fortify it strongly
To resist the French.

The said Jargeau was assailed,
Where the English held very strongly,
Showing they had no failed heart;
But the French took it by assault.
At the taking of the said Jargeau
There were some five hundred English
Who left their skin there,
Besides the prisoners of the French.

Also the Earl of Suffolk
Was taken prisoner under the bridge,
And his brother drowned or dead,
Who had done whole duty.
Thence the French and the Maid
Came before Beaugency,
Of which the English had such fear
That all put themselves at mercy.

Before the assault they came to terms;
Also they had need of it;
And thereupon went off thence,
Each one with his staff in fist.
About two hours after
Came news into the town
That Talbot was marching nearby,
And of English some five thousand.

The lord of Scales, Fastolf,
Had arrived with them,
To succour Talbot,
Wherefore the English bore themselves big.
Then the chiefs and lords of France,
Who had been at Orléans,
Put themselves in order
To go fight them in the fields.

Moreover Richemont, the constable,
With d’Albret, d’Alençon
Came there in notable company,
And in an army of great fashion.
Each of the parties drew
As best they could in very fair array,
So that hardly did it remain
Before they found themselves at Patay.

The English, near a village,
Were in battle waiting,
And then the French courageously
Struck upon them foot-in.
The Maid, Poton, La Hire
Charged upon them on horseback,
So that they made them flee,
Casting down several below.

Then the battles joined,
And they fought greatly;
But the French won the field,
And the victory valiantly.
There of English and of their men
Died, by number counted,
Some twenty-three hundred,
And two hundred taken on the other side.

The lord of Scales, Fastolf
And others were prisoners,
And also the said Talbot,
Then put to ransom of money.
The day after ensuing,
Meung, Janville, La Ferté
Surrendered at once,
And other towns in plenty.

Now let us note here the marvel,
The deeds of God and the virtues,
When at the voice of a Maid
The English were cast down.
A thing come from God,
A sign of a loving God,
Of which nevertheless the coming
Was profitable to the kingdom.

Our Lord commonly
Is not wont to work,
Nor to give alleviation,
When it can be found elsewhere.
But where nature and humans
Have no more power and puissance,
It is then that He puts His hands to it,
And works His grace and clemency.

In the month of June of that year,
The king had all bidden
To repair to Gien
To go to Reims to be crowned.
Soon there was a great assembly
Of the barons and nobles of France,
Who all came to this army
With heart and all diligence.

There were the Dukes of Bourbon,
Alençon, Vendôme, Dunois,
Richemont, La Hire, Poton,
And all the valiant French chiefs.
Several others without being summoned
Came there likewise,
To serve the king and aid him
In the deed of his coronation.

Now, on this point it is to be noted
That Reims, Troyes, Châlons, the Auxerrois,
Whither one must pass,
Were held by the English.
All Champagne and Picardy,
Brie, Gâtinais, the Isle of France,
And the country of Normandy,
Were in their obedience.

The king, to conquer his country,
Notwithstanding, drew his way
Straight before the town of Auxerre,
Where his host stayed three days.
So obedience was done him
And entry by the inhabitants,
Who had a respite
With which several were not content.

For this arrangement La Trémoille
Was much blamed;
And then Richemont went away,
For between them there was discord (1).
The king had it cried in the host:
That the men-at-arms should go
With their chiefs, without delay,
And without amusing themselves in anything.

(1) Anachronism.

The said Maid, going along,
Met before her view
Two little girls and a gallant
Who were leading a dissolute life.
So she struck upon them rudely,
As hard as she could with her sword,
And upon men-at-arms in such wise
That it was cut in two parts.

To beat them was no harm;
And it was told her by the assembly
That she ought to strike with a staff,
Without cutting her good sword in pieces.
The king, the next morning,
Put into his obedience
The town of Saint-Florentin,
Which did him great reverence.

Thence he made his way before Troyes,
Whence the Burgundians and English
Sallied out in heaps
To drive away the French.
So the army remained there
Some six or seven days,
The people being all famished
For want of bread and succour.

The men-at-arms were dying of hunger,
And each was destitute,
For they ate only the grain
Of wheat which grew on the ear.
These burgesses of Troyes wished well
To surrender to the king entirely;
But the English hindered them
As much as they incessantly could.

So a close council was held
By the king, who had business,
Where it was said and deliberated
That it were better to withdraw.
Some assigned the reason
Because they had not wherewith to live,
And that in so very brief a season
One could not pursue such a work.

On the other hand the town was strong,
Not thus easy to take,
Seeing the assembly and the cohort
Of so many English to defend it.
Moreover they had no artillery
In sufficiency nor otherwise,
To break or make a breach,
Nor money to make the payment.

The opinion of some was such;
But one among others went and said
That they should hear the Maid
To choose the conclusion.
So she was sent for in the host;
And after she had come,
They recited to her at once
The opinion held above.

So she said they should not do it,
Exhorting each to strive
And to perfect the enterprise,
To go crown the king.
In God’s name, she said,
Gentle king, in two days you shall enter
Into your fair town of Troyes,
And by force or love you shall have it.

Whoever would be sure of it, said the chancellor,
Would wait ten days within;
But of doing anything and labouring,
There would be no appearance of it.
Nevertheless, after this language,
All the French finally
Took into themselves heart and courage
To proceed further amply.

That concluded, she mounted
On a fair great courser in hand,
And into the host she carried herself
With a staff in her hand.
There she had made and brought
Trestles, faggots, doors and rafters,
To make a hut to throw
One bombard and two cannons.

When those of the town of Troyes
Saw this diligence,
They asked by all ways
To parley and for respite.
Then they came to make agreement
With the late king of France,
Surrendering to him entirely
The town into his obedience.

But it was said that the English
And men of war should go away
With their goods and harness,
And would take their prisoners with them.
Thus, the morrow, the king
Entered into his town of Troyes,
In fair order and array,
And there he was received with great joy.

The children cried Noël;
Fires and sports were made there;
And he and his people feasted them;
Whereby they were all refreshed.
The English wished at departing
To lead away their French prisoners;
But the Maid would not consent
Nor suffer them to be taken away.

She herself came to the gate
To take them from the English’ hands,
Telling them in good sort
That she would not let them be carried off.
The French knelt down,
Praying her to aid them,
And implored her grace
That she would keep them in it.

The English wished to maintain
That it was great fraud and malice
To come against the treaty,
Asking that justice be done them.
The king, who knew the news of it,
Began to smile within himself
At the dispute and the quarrel,
And was joyful at it, to tell the truth.

Shortly it was agreed, for the prisoners,
That he should pay to the English in cash
All their ransom from his money;
Thus each was content.
When the English, according to the accord,
Had their money and ransom,
They praised the late king greatly,
Calling him a prince of fashion.

He was prized for the justice
That he kept to his enemies,
And that he had in the exercise
Of his host all abuses put aside.
How many were there who would have said:
The villains are more than paid;
Let them go without gainsay,
Or let them be hanged or drowned.

Ha! verily! that is not the way
To pay people and guide them;
Rather it behoves each man
To keep his right and reason.
Then the king, the following day,
Set himself in the fields in power,
Where those of Châlons before him
Came to do him obedience.

The bishop and burgesses brought him
Into the town honourably,
And in the evening all feasted him
Most richly and greatly.
The morrow he came before Reims,
Where, when the burgesses saw him,
As filled and full of joy,
They opened to him all the gates.

There he was anointed and crowned
In the accustomed manner,
And that day it was ordained
To make inestimable cheer.
The archbishop, then chancellor,
Did the office of the Mass,
Where there were a thousand people,
Making great feast and gladness.

The Dukes of Bar and of Lorraine,
Commercy and great lords,
Came to his service and reign
To offer themselves, and many others.
All my lords of the blood of France,
Who were at the coronation,
Acquired much excellence,
Praise and honour most largely.

Also the barons, knights,
Nobles who came to help,
Captains, men, squires,
Were worthy of commendation.
The news came to the eyes
Of all the realm of France,
Whereof many were joyful
To be in his obedience.

Let us note here how Fortune,
Governed by the veil of God,
After great ill and misfortune,
Gives great joy in this place.
Who would have thought or hoped
That in so very small a movement
The king would have thus prospered,
Or come to the coronation?

Seeing the case and the hindrance,
The thing was not easy
To come to so promptly;
But to God nothing is difficult.
What He wills to permit is soon done,
Without any being able to hinder,
And His work is perfect,
Wherein one finds nothing to gainsay.

If Fortune at the beginning
Gives persecution,
It is to bestow afterwards,
More loftily, consolation.
Boethius says in his third book
That adverse fortune is more sure
To know God and live well,
And proves that it is the better.

It imparts humility,
It sustains all harsh griefs,
And afterwards, by prosperity,
One single good makes two worthwhile.
Many in the world complain
Of Fortune and mischance,
Saying that the ills which happen
Reside in her faculty;

And as if she were mistress
Of the world and of the government,
They maintain that joy or sadness
Proceeds from her alone.
And if there happens the loss
Of some battle or day,
They say it is the constellation
Of predestined fortune.

That is hard to know,
When one boasts of it, the other grieves;
But above God, who is the master,
She gives victory where He wills.
The late King Charles, passed through,
Had very terrible great hurts,
And found himself stricken very low,
Without any hope of relief.

It even befell in one year
That he lost, to his damage and grief,
The siege and day of Cravant,
And the battle of Verneuil.
And then at the siege of Orléans,
Where all must be concluded,
The day called the Herrings;
And thus he could bear no more.

Since then Fortune turned her stroke,
To provide for the rest,
And God gave the victory
To him who was to have it.
The French then rallied
Taking terrible courage,
And prospered more and more,
And nothing was impossible to them.

Was it not a very great marvel
To have wakened so many people
At the rumour of a simple Maid
And shepherdess bred in the fields?
Alas! in a little hour God labours,
Nor ever fails at need;
The thing He wills to do is sure,
And He knows well always what we lack.

After the said coronation,
The king, with his company,
From Reims came to lodge straightway
At Saint-Marcoul in the abbey.
There great service was done him
And most solemn orders,
For by means of the sacrifice
The king healed of the scrofula.

Thence he came to Vailly,
Where he stayed all the day,
And the places and country around
Submitted themselves to him.
After, to Laon he sent
A herald at the arms of France,
And at once the town put itself
Into his full obedience.

So he was received there with great joy,
And the town did great duty;
Then the king drew his way
Towards Soissons, to have entry.
But just so likewise
They did him full obedience,
Feasting him greatly,
And all those of his alliance.

To him surrendered also,
All at once, in one movement,
Château-Thierry, Provins, Crécy,
And other towns largely.
Then news came into the host
That the Duke of Bedford was coming,
And that he would soon arrive
With twelve thousand he was bringing.

Then the king had his people
Put in battle, and well in point,
To strike with thrust and edge;
But the English came not at all.
After, the king came to Crécy
And knew truly that the English
Had come to Mitry,
Then to fight the French.

There the battles drew up
On one side as on the other,
And marched so near and forward
That they well saw each other.
The skirmishers and runners
Came running in power
Into a village named Thieux,
Joining the said Mitry in France.

There before the said village
They stood one whole day,
Without striking or doing damage,
And did nothing in effect.
The Duke of Bedford withdrew
To Senlis and lodged there,
And the late king retired
To Crécy to lodge himself.

The morrow he came to Compiègne
And entered in great power,
Having the banner and ensign
Of the noble fleurs-de-lys of France.
Those of the town of Senlis
Afterwards had him informed
That they desired the fleurs-de-lys,
Offering to receive him.

The town wrought very well,
And the king entered joyfully.
Moreover, he recovered from the Beauvais
Dammalle and several other places.
The Duke of Bedford, who learned it,
At once went off to Rouen,
For fear that the people should rise,
And set garrisons here and there.

Then the king came to Saint-Denis,
Which yielded him obedience,
Lagny with the flat country,
Dependencies and adjacency.
Moreover, proceeding further,
His host drew to La Chapelle,
And thence to the Moulin-à-Vent (1),
Where there was a fair skirmish.

(1) Half way between La Chapelle and Paris.

The English who were at Paris
All together withdrew,
Lest they should perish,
And fortified the walls strongly.
The morrow a great company
Of the French host at Monceaux
Came to make an assault
As far as the Marché des Pourceaux.

Under the hill they ambushed themselves
To stand there under cover,
And thence went off to gain
By assault a little boulevard.
On one side and the other, cannons
And culverins roared,
And one saw only the vanes
Of arrows that shot through the air.

Then Joan the Maid
Put herself in the rear ditch,
Where she wrought wonders,
With a courage raised in ardour.
A bolt that was shot
Came to strike her in the leg;
And yet she did not abandon it,
Nor would she ever turn away.

Wood, doors, faggots she had cast,
And what was possible in the world,
Hoping to mount upon the walls;
But the water there was too deep.
The lords and men of fashion
Sent her word to come back,
And the Duke of Alençon went there
To constrain her to withdraw.

The host returned to Saint-Denis,
Where with humble and devout terms
She offered, left and gave
The harness in which she had done arms.
Thereupon the king departed,
And in the countries brought back here
He set some of his people, and then departed
Towards Berry, whither he then went.

A little after his parliament,
Several English assembled
To draw diligently
To Saint-Denis, where they entered.
The armours of the Maid
There they came to take and seize
In a cruel vengeance,
And did with them at their pleasure.

On the return from the coronation at Gien,
The king wished to send
The Maid before Rouen,
To conquer and to work.
Trémoille and others opined
That there was no need of it,
But d’Albret and she they sent
Before Saint-Pierre-le-Moustier.

There before the town they were
In fair order and array,
Doing such great duty that they had it,
And that it was yielded to the king.
After, they came to La Charité,
To besiege and take it,
Where for the space of a month they stayed
Without having it or making it surrender.

Of the year MCCCCXXX #

This year from the country of Berry
Departed the Maid,
To come succour Lagny,
And other people with her.
Then it was rumoured that the English
Would come to besiege it;
And they would have done so, if the French
Had not made them dislodge.

Then it came to knowledge
That some three hundred fighters
Of English were in France,
Pillaging and wasting the country.
Then she, Loré, Foucault,
And another named Parrecte (1),
Sought them low and high,
To speak well to their barrette.

(1) Neither the Chroniclers nor the Trials speak of this companion of the Maid; but a memorandum to be consulted on Guillaume de Flavy, given below, names Barrette as Joan’s lieutenant.

So it befell that they met,
And that the French defeated
The English, of whom they killed many,
And the others fled away.
The Burgundians and the English,
In the said year, with their ensign,
Came to besiege the French
At Choisy, near Compiègne.

The Earls of Arundel, of Suffolk,
Messire Jean de Luxembourg,
Laboured there very hard,
Setting the siege around it.
Then Poton and his men crossed
The water, between Pont and Soissons,
And killed several of the English
Amid the woods and bushes.

The said Choisy defended itself
Somewhat, and then suddenly
The captain sold it
To the English dishonestly.
By means of the business,
He was promised great advantage
And great gifts from the Duke of Burgundy
By the conductors of the work.

Thence the Burgundians and English
Came to besiege Compiègne,
Where the Maid and the French
Arrived without tarrying.
There were courses, skirmishes
And sallies which lasted enough,
So it befell that at one approach
The French fell back very hard.

Then at the conflict and by surprise,
As each drew back,
The said Maid was taken
By a Picard, near the barrier.
The said Picard gave her
To Luxembourg there present,
Who sold her and gave her back
To the English for ready money.

So they made their show of her afterwards,
As having wrought very hard;
And they would not have given her for London,
For they thought they had won all.
Each one was sorry for her.
Afterwards Poton, at his ensign,
Departed from Château-Thierry,
To come thence to Compiègne.

Boussac, then marshal of France,
Vendôme with other lords,
Came to the siege in power,
With many other French.
The said town endured
Many afflictions and pains,
For the siege before it lasted
More than three months and six weeks.

So the said French did so much
That they gained a great ditch
Which the English had had made
So that no man should pass there.
That done, they entered the fields,
Between the forest and a place
Near which they met
The English being at Beaulieu.

Then Poton, near the Justice,
Having with him six score lances,
Set his men in exercise
To fight and do valiant deeds.
When those of the town saw
That it was in good earnest,
All in one movement sallied out
To join the French as well.

So they came to a bastille
Of English and of Portuguese,
Where many died in fair number,
For of a hundred scarce three escaped.
Poton’s men also came
To a bastille of the charnel-house,
Which they took by assault,
With many prisoners.

The English seeing beside them
The loss of the said bastilles,
Put themselves to safety
And at once made off.
The Burgundians went off likewise
Into their country;
And thus the French raised
The said siege honourably.

Thereupon the English went away,
Not in a joyful manner,
And to Rouen they took away
The Maid as prisoner.

She was very sweet, amiable,
Lamblike, without pride or envy,
Gracious, most serviceable,
And who led a very fair life.
Often she confessed
To have God as protector,
Nor did she let a feast pass
Without receiving her Creator.

But notwithstanding this, the English
On virtues and goods did not think;
Rather, in hatred of the French,
Most harshly they treated her.
After many griefs and excesses
Inflicted in many places,
They made her such a trial
Whose judges were parties.

Then at last they condemned her
To die grievously,
And soon they burnt and burned her
At Rouen quite publicly.
Thus behold the judgment
And the most cruel sentence
Which was given too harshly
Against that poor Maid.

Whether they did ill or otherwise,
It must be referred to God,
Who of such cases alone
Can know and judge above.
Nevertheless, before her death,
She said to the English that a time would come
When they would not have a foot in France,
And that they would be driven out.

That the late king would prosper,
And that at last, without gainsay,
He would recover his kingdom;
And thereupon she yielded up her spirit.
In brief she narrated several things
That have since been seen to come to pass,
All just as she had declared,
Of which it may remind some.

Long after this judgment,
The mother, and also her brothers,
Asked the king for vengeance
For the death and such sentence.
The good lord, considering
That she had been in his service,
And had done much in honouring him,
Remitted the case to justice.

In fact he sent the trial
To Rome, to the Holy Father;
Where, without favour or admittance,
The matter was well viewed at length.
That done, he issued a mandate
Then to summon the commissioners
To sustain their judgment,
And to call the adverse parties.

The English were summoned
And the parties solemnly,
Examinations made and gathered
Upon her whole life.
Jouvenel, archbishop of Reims,
Great men of justice and of good,
Chartier, then bishop of Paris,
And others laboured there well.

To Rouen they betook themselves,
Where the judgment had been made,
And examined men of worth
To know the truth of the deed.
After, the trial was carried
To the Holy Father and the cardinals,
And was well viewed and visited
In great diligence and pains.

And all being finally seen,
It was said, by authentic sentence,
That the trial and the judgment
Made against the Maid, iniquitous,
Was abusive, defective,
And that wrongfully she was condemned
By non-judges, suspect,
Declaring their sentence erroneous.

In the trial of her innocence
There are singular things;
And it is a great pleasure
To see both matters.
The said trial is chained
In the library of Notre-Dame
Of Paris, and was given there
By the bishop, on whose soul God have mercy (1).

(1) This bishop is Guillaume Chartier; as for the manuscript, it is that of the Bibliothèque Royale (Notre-Dame, H 10) which has served for the present edition. See below, piece LIII.

The Mystery of the Siege of Orléans #

This work, whose author is unknown, has no less than twenty-five thousand lines. It is preserved in the Vatican Library among the manuscripts of the Queen of Sweden, occupying by itself the whole of manuscript 1022 of that collection, which is a small paper folio composed of 509 leaves and written in a Gothic cursive of the beginning of the sixteenth century.

M. Paul Lacroix is the first, to my knowledge, who pointed out the Mystery of the Siege of Orléans to the curious, and that in the seventh volume of his Dissertations on Some Curious Points of the History of France (Paris, 1839). Since then a German scholar, M. Adelbert Keller, gave a more extended notice of it, accompanied by extracts, in a book which appeared at Mannheim in 1844 under the title of Romvart. Finally, I have myself in my hands a voluminous notebook of notes taken on the Vatican manuscript by M. Salmon, a pupil of the École des Chartes. Thanks to these notes as well as to the indications of MM. Lacroix and Keller, I have been able to form a just idea of the value that the work in question presents as an historical document.

That value is nil, I hasten to say — not because the author has departed from history, but on the contrary because he has followed it too closely. His play is nothing other than the Journal of the Siege, put into dialogue and verse, with an exposition of which the idea is borrowed from the Chronicle of the Maid.

The work begins thus on the first leaf of the manuscript:

The mystery of the siege of Orléans, made, composed and compiled in the manner hereafter declared. And first Salisbury begins in England and says what follows:

Most high and most puissant lords,
I thank you for the great honours
Which it has pleased you thus to do me,
When you others, greater princes,
Who are the conservators
Of all our territory,
Wish to make me commissioner
To be [and] lieutenant exemplary:
This is of Henry, noble king of renown.
As of today, there is no so noble affair.
Of France he is king, it is all notorious,
And of England, which is his own name.
Now am I then, by your sentence,
His lieutenant, by your ordinance,
Chosen by you to conduct his war;
Though many of your company are
More sufficient and of magnificence
To work better and know how to conquer;
But since you have thus willed to require it,
I will obey you all without question,
And be diligent therein with all my thought.
Upon the French we must all win,
For by good right their land belongs to us,
And their kingdom also entirely, etc., etc.

This speech held before the lords is very long, and longer still are the answers that follow. The end of all that is to bring on the scene the Duke of Orléans, then prisoner in London, who conjures Salisbury to spare the towns and lands of his domain. The English general promises, then changes his mind as soon as he has set foot in France. Such is the exposition.

The Maid does not appear until about a third of the way through the work (fol. 172 of the manuscript). She is seen keeping her father’s sheep and spinning linen. The organs play and the Archangel Michael presents himself before her to transmit God’s orders to her. From there we pass to Vaucouleurs, into Baudricourt’s lodging; then we return to Orléans to witness the passage of arms which, according to the Journal of the Siege, took place on the last day of the year between two French men-at-arms and two English. After that is seen the skirmish in which the Bastard of Bar was made prisoner, then the arrival of the Auvergnats, then the Battle of the Herrings, etc., etc.; and thus all the military actions of the siege follow one another, with a great reinforcement of trumpets and clarions which most of the time take the place of speech. The extent of the rubrics intended to explain the stage movements shows that the spectacle was rather for the eyes than for the ears.

Here, for example, is how the last assault of the Tourelles is explained at leaves 339 and 340 of the manuscript:

Then the trumpets shall sound louder and louder, and the English shall be all amazed to see that power come back upon them; and there is a great assault; and those of the town shall sound and sally to come succour the Maid and the men-at-arms, and shall make planks of wood to come to the Tourelles and pass over the broken arches, and then shall come to help at the boulevard of the Belle-Croix, and with such great force, on one side and the other, that the French shall win the boulevard of the Tourelles, and Glasdale and other captains shall withdraw with a great number of English upon the bridge, which they had broken. And all at once the said bridge shall fall under the said English and they shall all be drowned: to wit, Glasdale and the lord of Pont, the lord of Molins, the bailiff of Mente and several others. And the Tourelles were taken by assault and all slain, save a few prisoners who were brought into the town.

The mystery ends with the triumphal return of the Maid and the captains to Orléans after the victory of Patay. Talbot and the other English prisoners march before the procession to cries of Noël! uttered by the whole populace. Joan stops, has silence made by the multitude and delivers a speech of thanksgiving, of which here is the peroration:

So I charge you to make processions
And praise God and the Virgin Mary,
By whom your city has not been ravished
By the English, nor its possessions.

That is enough for a book like this one. I leave to the amateurs of our ancient theatre the care of analysing at greater length, or even of publishing if they see fit, the Vatican manuscript.

I add, apropos of dramatic representation, that the Maid had a role in a play performed at Ratisbon in 1430. It is M. de Hormayr who alleges this fact in an entirely incidental manner in his Taschenbuch for 1834 (p. 326). The subject of the German play being the war against the Hussites, Joan probably figured in it only by reason of the letter she addressed to those heretics on 3 March 1430. (See below, piece no. XXIV.)

Valeran Varanius #

This author must be spoken of on account of the very great authority he enjoys in the hands of the historians of Joan of Arc. He was a native of Abbeville and a theologian of the Faculty of Paris. His French name is not known. Facing some of his verses which appeared in 1501, he is called de Varanis, and adjectivally Varanius at the head of his poem on the Maid. This poem, the only thing of his that concerns us, is entitled De gestis Joannae virginis Franciae (1), egregiae bellatricis, libri IV. He composed it, according to himself, from the pieces of one and the other trial, which he had known through the manuscript of Saint-Victor (2). History is indeed followed there very exactly, and the poet has permitted himself only fictions conformable to what is learnt from Joan’s interrogatories. Nevertheless, by the expression and by the staging, the subject finds itself entirely travestied, and one may say that the exactitude of the research hides itself continually beneath the bombast of the rhetorician.

(1) A manuscript contemporary with the edition, which is in the Sainte-Geneviève library (no. 1643), bears the title: Libri quatuor de gestis Joannae Puellae Lotharingiae.

(2) See what is said of this manuscript in the Preface.

Greatly struck to see a poet attach himself thus to documents, the moderns have none the less attributed to Varanius the value of an historian. Hence it is that various circumstances placed in his verses pass for proved facts, although they are found nowhere else. Thus it is on his testimony that Jacques d’Arc is made to die of grief in consequence of his daughter’s execution. Isabelle d’Arc says this in the fourth book of the poem:

Vir meus audito dilectae funere prolis
Oppetiit, mortis causam exsecratus et ignes.

My husband, hearing of the death of his beloved daughter, perished, cursing the cause of death and the fires.

A long account of what passed at Rouen when the taking of Joan became known there also belongs in its own right to the Abbeville poet. According to him, a grave deliberation took place that very day in the council of regency. The lords were of opinion to have the Maid slaughtered or drowned without form of trial; but Warwick demonstrated that by judging her as a sorceress, they would have the double advantage of ruining her and dishonouring Charles VII. In consequence, the accusation of magic was spread among the people, at first mysteriously and like a seed destined to bear fruit before long. A sermon of the doctor Jean de Châtillon completed the business, by edifying consciences upon the case of sorcery:

Quumque ita res pendet, concrescit rumor in horas,
Et venit in varium populus problema. Magiam
Obstupet indoctum vulgus, crebroque requirit
Quid magicae possint artes, quo auctore parentur;
Sintne piis omnes adversae moribus, et quo
Usque per has liceat vetitos descendere in usus.
Tum sedet in rostris Castilius atque ita fatur, etc., etc.

And while the matter thus hangs, the rumour grows from hour to hour, and the people run to the strange problem. The unlearned crowd stands agape at magic, and asks again and again what the magic arts can do, by what author they are begotten; whether they be all adverse to pious morals, and how far one may descend through them into forbidden uses. Then Castilius sits in the rostrum and speaks thus, etc., etc.

Apropos of the rehabilitation trial, of which Varanius has summed up the principal incidents at the end of his poem, he paraphrases or feigns a letter which Charles VII is supposed to have written to Pope Calixtus III to obtain the rescript that served as foundation for the cause:

Callisto destinat unam
Carolus hac ferme verborum lege tabellam:
Maxime pontificum, qui sancto numine terras
Sub solo moderare Deo, cui tanta potestas
Ut caelos aperire et apertos claudere possis,
Possis et Stygiae reserare ergastula noctis:
Haec sub apostolico libranda examine causa
Te petit, o sacrate pater; quam, quaeso, paternis
Excipe visceribus, justoque attolle favore.
Flaccida quum magnis lugeret Gallia bellis,
Finibus Austrasiae digressa juvencula, paucis
Huc venit comitata viris, causamque rogata
Quae suasisset iter, vel ubi tractaverat arma:
Respondit superis venisse auctoribus, et rem
Non obiisse prius certis quam cognita signis
Constarent edicta Dei. Sed cetera coram
Disseret orator melius, nec epistola paucis
Rem caperet verbis. Tandem perfuncta recepto
Munere, post victos crebris conflictibus hostes,
Dum Compendiaci decertat in aequore campi,
Transfosso decumbit equo et venumdatur Anglis;
Qui dirum scelus objiciunt, vulgantque magia
Esse ream et sacra de relligione tenentem
Impie, ut adversus nostri moderamina sceptri
Dissidium patrare queant. Sic perfidus hostis
Destinat insontem flammis; sed fraude retecta,
Versa alio res est. Fieri quaecunque per arma
Et ferrum licuit, tentavimus; hoc tamen unum
Restat adhuc quod te propter contingere nemo
Audeat: ista tuum poscit censura tribunal.
Praecipias mores inquiri et facta Puellae,
Quaeque sit adversae nequam sententia partis.

Charles sends one letter to Calixtus in about these words:

Greatest of pontiffs, who beneath the holy power rulest the lands under God alone, to whom is given such power that thou canst open the heavens and close them when opened, and canst unbar the prisons of the Stygian night: this cause, to be weighed beneath the apostolic examination, seeks thee, O consecrated father; receive it, I beseech, into thy fatherly heart, and raise it up with just favour. When France, faint, mourned beneath great wars, a young girl, departing from the bounds of Austrasia, came hither attended by a few men, and, asked the cause which had persuaded her journey, or where she had handled arms, answered that she had come at the bidding of those above, and had not undertaken the thing until the edicts of God stood recognised by certain signs. But the rest our orator will set forth better face to face; nor could a letter contain the matter in few words. At length, having discharged the office received, after enemies vanquished in many conflicts, while she fights on the plain of Compiègne, her horse is pierced, she falls and is sold to the English; who charge her with a dire crime and spread abroad that she is guilty of magic and holds impiously to the sacred religion, so that they may work dissension against the governance of our sceptre. Thus the perfidious foe destines the innocent to the flames; but, the fraud being uncovered, the case is turned another way. Whatever could be done by arms and the sword, we have attempted; yet this one thing remains which none dares attempt without thee: that matter demands the censure of thy tribunal. Mayest thou command that the character and deeds of the Maid be inquired into, and how worthless was the sentence of the adverse party.

All these particulars, it must be confessed, are of the greatest verisimilitude. But did the author draw them from authentic documents or from his own brain? In case of doubt, one will do well to abstain, or at least never to cite the De gestis puellae Franciae save as a secondary authority.

It does not enter into my plan to reproduce a work already well posterior to the facts and which offers so little guarantee of authenticity, having regard especially to its date. The first edition is without date, but accompanied by a preliminary epistle written in November 1516. That is already the reign of Francis I. I shall confine myself to giving here, as useful information, the preliminary epistle in question, addressed to the second Georges d’Amboise; the arguments of the poem as the edition gives them; and finally a little piece of verse in the form of an epilogue, composed for the abbot of Saint-Victor who had lent the author the manuscript of the trial.

Epistle of V. Varanius to the Reverend Father Georges d’Amboise #

To the most worthy father in Christ, Georges d’Amboise, archbishop of Rouen, Valerandus Varanius, greeting.

In turning over the annals of the Franks, most worthy prelate, when I observed that the history of Joan, the Maid of France, had been run through only perfunctorily, I persuaded myself that it would be no unworthy labour if, by the aid of successive leisure, I should for a while hold my study to the wider propagation of the thing itself; judging that kind of service worthy which claims for itself a share of our birth. For if in arduous affairs we cannot profit our country, the road will not therefore be closed to us whereby we may be tolerable in committing to memory the egregious deeds of the virgin. To me certainly not only, but to very many good and studious men, a history of this kind has seemed one that should not utterly sink into oblivion; for if the fables of the ancients, relating mere and empty trifles, detain not a few with a certain alluring pleasure, how much the more will posterity eagerly read this history, as one not feigned about Gorgons or the birds of Pandion! Assuredly, even to this day there survive not a few who saw the virgin living among men. For she died at Rouen, in the year one thousand four hundred thirty-first, when the English were over the city and almost the whole province. Then, four and twenty years having elapsed, Calixtus the Third, Roman pontiff, appointed the archbishop of Reims and the bishops of Paris and of Coutances judges, who, the former suit in which the Maid was condemned at the instigation of the English having been diligently reviewed and faithfully discussed back and forth, at length pronounced that she had been an innocent and virtuous maiden. If anyone desires to know the history more fully, let him seek from the monastery of Saint-Victor of Paris the book which I borrowed for some days, where all that I have transcribed is abundantly set forth in judicial order. But let these things suffice. And when I asked myself under what protection I might guard this labour of mine, most worthy father, I judged that the little book would have fared happily if you benignly granted it a place among your paper furniture. From Paris, the tenth of the kalends of November of the year one thousand five hundred and sixteen. Farewell.

Arguments of the books De gestis Joannae virginis Franciae #

Argument of the first book.

In the beginning of the narrative is the prayer of Charlemagne to the divine Virgin, for obtaining peace. — The prayer of Mary to her Son for the Gauls. — The answer of Christ to his mother. — Exposition of the causes of the war. — The address of the Virgin to Charlemagne. — The mission of the angel to Joan. — The prayer of Joan to God. — The miraculous revelation of the sword. — The speech of Joan to Baudricourt. — The answer of Robert to Joan. — The journey of Joan to Charles the Seventh. — The examination of Joan at the university of Poitiers. — The great debate upon her reception. — The long speech of Joan, in which she commemorates many things about her country, her parents and other things pertaining to her. — The proof of Joan’s virginity by the Queen of Sicily.

Argument of the second book.

First is the embassy of the Orléanais to Charles. — The mournful prayer of Charles to God. — The report to the Orléanais. — The exultation of the Orléanais. — The letter of Joan to the English. — Description of the siege. — The speech of Dunois to the nobles. — Joan’s exhortation to attack the English. — The engagement of the French with the English. — The marvellous combat of Joan. — The night passed by the French in the field. — The discovery of letters among the young men. — The preparation for war at first dawn. — The fierce fight of Gauls and English. — The apostrophe to Talbot not helping his men. — The demolition of the fortress and ramparts by the French.

Argument of the third book.

Suffolk’s address to Talbot for the raising of the siege. — The thanksgiving of the Orléans maidens to Joan. — The incursion of the English into the Beauce. — Fastolf’s exhortation to his men. — The advance of the French upon the English. — Alençon’s address to his men. — The victory of the French over the English. — The complaint of Talbot taken by Joan. — Joan’s speech to Charles to go to Reims. — The reception of many towns with the entry and sacred unction at Reims. — The address of Charlemagne to the newly anointed Charles. — Joan’s prayer to Saint Denis. — The siege of Compiègne where Joan is captured. — Joan’s prayer before going out of the town. — The last combat of Joan.

Argument of the fourth book.

Joan’s translation into Picardy. — Joan’s sale by Luxembourg, and her translation into Normandy. — The determination of the Earl of Warwick upon Joan’s death. — The speech of the theologian Châtillon, in which he treats much of magic. — A sharp invective against Joan. — Joan’s answer to the charges. — The indignation of the English at the judges’ deferring sentence. — Joan’s last prayer to God. — The cruel burning of Joan. — The speech of Joan’s mother to King Charles for the worthy purgation of her daughter. — Charles’s embassy to Calixtus the Third, Roman pontiff, on this matter. — The archbishop of Reims and the bishop of Paris appointed judges in this cause. — The long speech of the theologian Herald for Joan. — The speech of Thomas Courcelles, in which he commemorates many illustrious women. — The detection of the English fraud in the former trial. — The dreadful punishment of certain men after Joan’s death. — The annulment of the former trial and the full purgation of Joan.

Verses of V. Varanius to the Reverend Father Abbot of Saint-Victor of Paris, on Joan #

Much does the generous heroine owe thee, venerable father, and the noble stock of the Austrasian land. Once the vigorous youth of the English believed they could remove the race of the Valois from the Frankish world; but God, pitying the ills of the wasted realm, sent brave maidenly hands to arms; and they who had scarce yielded to other manly arms, conquered, gave way to a woman’s yoke. France suffered her bright triumphs to be all but destroyed; but thou gatherest her deeds into a full book, which thy magnificent library may reposit, whose fame goes from the East to the West. My muse renders thee thanks, that the way of this history lies open to us under thy guidance.

Miscellaneous Fragments #

I #

Georges Chastellain, in the piece entitled Recollection des merveilles advenues de nostre temps [Recollection of the marvels come to pass in our time]. M. Buchon gives two different readings of it at the head of his volume of the Panthéon littéraire, in which he has collected the works of Chastellain.

In France, the most fair
Flower of Christendom,
I saw a Maid spring up
Into authority,
Who raised the siege
Of Orléans with her hands,
Then the king by prodigy
Led to be anointed at Reims.
Saintly she was adored
For the works she did;
But then she was met
And taken without profit;
Burnt at Rouen to ashes,
To the great hurt of the French,
Giving thereafter to understand
Her living again another time (1).

(1) Allusion to the appearance of the false Joan of Arc.

II #

François Villon, in the Ballade des dames du temps jadis [Ballad of the ladies of olden time], a piece forming part of his Grand Testament, written in 1461:

The queen white as a lily
Who sang with a siren’s voice,
Berthe with the great foot, Bietris, Allys,
Harembourges who held the Maine,
And Joan the good Lorrainer
Whom the English burnt at Rouen —
Where are they, sovereign Virgin?
But where are the snows of yesteryear!

III #

Octavien de Saint-Gelais, in the Séjour d’honneur [Sojourn of honour], composed in 1489:

Soon after, in the field of honour arrayed
And seated on gold tapestried with praise,
I saw a glorious king, prepared,
Dutiful of peace, benign, sweet as an angel,
Vanquished by death; but his fair fame changes not.
It was Charles, seventh of that name,
Who so much willed to increase his renown
That to him he reduced Guyenne and Normandy,
Whatever English or Norman may say.
Near him I saw, proudly marching on a horse,
A woman armed in shining harness.
She seemed not a scholar or a merchant,
But robust, made firm by prowess.
Whereat I marvelled to see a woman endued
With so great a heart, who urged on the men,
Called each one to give in
And bade them war, as if always she
Held in safety the soldiers beneath her wing.
She had no distaff fastened at her side,
But a sword piercing and defensive;
Fleeing repose and long idleness,
Wherein a woman’s heart is readily swayed.
To other business she was not given
Than to order men to set battles moving.
Wherefore I knew that it was, to see all,
According to her proved manner and bearing,
The Maid, found by a miracle.

Letters, Acts and Other Detached Pieces #

I. Letter of the Maid to the English #

22 March 1429

This is the fifth time that this letter recurs in the present work. It is found inserted: 1st in the Trial of Condemnation (vol. I, p. 240); 2nd in the Journal of the Siege of Orléans (vol. IV, p. 139); 3rd in the Chronicle of the Maid (ibid., p. 215); 4th in the Dauphin’s register of Thomassin (ibid., p. 306). Contrary to established usage, we reproduce it so many times, not on account of the differences between all these texts, but on the contrary because of their conformity. As in her interrogatory of 22 February Joan denied having dictated the words Rendez à la Pucelle, je suis chef de la guerre, corps pour corps — and on this ground the judges of the rehabilitation and all the historians who came after them accused the English of having falsified the letter — it is important to criticism to possess the proof that, if falsification there be, it must not be imputed to the English. The contested words are in the three texts reproduced by the historians of the French party, and they will be found likewise in this one, which is still less suspect than the others, if that be possible.

It comes from a contemporary copy which perhaps no longer exists, but of which two transcriptions were made in the last century, both preserved today in the Bibliothèque Royale. One is in the Cabinet des Titres, in the d’Arc dossier; the other, made by the archivist Battenay, was sent for the collection of M. Moreau. Now, from this double transcription it follows that the lost copy was under the fold of another letter in Latin, of which only a fragment remains — a much-altered fragment, it is true, but from which one can doubt neither the patriotism of him who wrote, nor his sympathy for Joan. It will be found below, and one will be convinced, in reading it, that such an attachment sufficiently guarantees the authenticity of the despatch.

JESUS MARY.

King of England, and you Duke of Bedford who call yourself regent of the realm of France; William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk; John, lord of Talbot; and you Thomas, lord of Scales, who call yourselves lieutenants of the said Bedford: do right to the King of Heaven for His royal blood (1); render to the Maid, here sent by God the King of Heaven, the keys of all the good towns you have taken and violated in France. She has come hither (2) by God the King of Heaven to reclaim the royal blood; she is quite ready to make peace, if you will do her right by giving up France and paying for what you have held. Among you archers, companions of war, gentle and others who are before the good town of Orléans, go hence, by God, into your own country; and if you do not so, expect tidings of the Maid, who will shortly go to see you, to your very great damage. King of England, if you do not so, I am chief of war, and in whatsoever place I shall reach your people in France, I shall make them go thence, will they or nill they; and if they will not obey, I shall have them all slain (1); and if they will obey, I shall take them to mercy. I am here come (2) by God, the King of Heaven, body for body, to drive you out of all France, against all those who would bring treason, malice or harm to the realm of France (3). And be not of the opinion that you shall hold the realm of France from God, the King of Heaven, son of Saint Mary; but King Charles, the true heir, shall hold it; for God, the King of Heaven, so wills it, and to him it is revealed by the Maid: who shall enter Paris with good company. If you will not believe the tidings from God and the Maid (4), in whatsoever place we find you we shall strike into it with mighty blows (5), and we shall make so great a hubbub that not for a thousand years in France has so great a one been made, if you do not do right. And believe firmly that the King of Heaven will send (6) more strength to the Maid than you could bring against her in all assaults, to her and her good men-at-arms; and then shall be seen (7) who shall have the better right, the God of Heaven or you (8). Duke of Bedford, the Maid prays and requires you that you do not let yourself be destroyed. If you do right, there may yet come a place (1) where the French shall do the fairest deed that was ever done for Christendom. And make answer in the city of Orléans if you wish to make peace; and if you do not so, remember shortly your very great damages. Written the Tuesday of Holy Week.

(1) De son sang royal is wanting in the version inserted in the trial; but these words are found in the texts given at pp. 139 and 215 of our vol. IV.

(2) Ayci is Battenay’s reading. The copy of the Cabinet des Titres has ayte; the text inserted in the trial, ci.

(3) Jus in Battenay’s reading and in the trial.

(1) Occire in the trial text.

(2) Envoiée in the trial text.

(3) All this member of the sentence from encontre tous ceulx is nowhere else.

(4) Trial text: Et la Pucelle.

(5) A horions is wanting in the trial.

(6) Envoiera in the trial text.

(7) Et aux horrions verra-on, ibid.

(8) A good variant to the trial text, where the words ou de are wanting.

BY THE MAID (2).

And above: To the Duke of Bedford, styling himself regent of the realm of France, or to his lieutenants being before the town of Orléans.

(1) The trial text is here preferable: encore pourrez venir en sa compaignie, ou que les François, etc. [you may yet come in her company, or where the French, etc.] It is an indirect invitation to the Duke of Bedford to co-operate in a universal triumph of the faith which the Maid then had in mind.

(2) This subscription is nowhere else.

II. Fragment of a Letter Written on the Back of the Preceding #

Without address, without signature, incomplete and in a very corrupt Latin, this fragment seems to have belonged to a letter written by a knight of Saint John of Jerusalem to a commander of his order. This results from the qualifications of pater and of praeceptor placed in the preamble. It is certain moreover that knights of Saint John were fighting under the banner of Charles VII, since among the heroes of the siege of Orléans figures Nicole de Giresme, grand prior of the order in France.

The text that follows has been made from the two transcriptions indicated at the head of the preceding article.

Most reverend father and our most worshipful preceptor, after humble salutation, may you deign to know that the almighty Lord, who had made a most cruel wound in the most Christian realm — whereof many have lamentably fallen, and others, oppressed by various torments, have too much desired to be taken from the midst — now little remembering his antiquity, his most high grace looking down upon his sons, exiled for a truth most undeservedly (1) from their own fields, has deigned to apply a remedy lofty indeed and shining (2) among the other wonders of his works, by a Maid of the age of eighteen years, and chosen (3) for the total care and reformation of the most Christian realm by a privileged election, and moreover for our king of the Franks, who then was beset by so grave a persecution that each man of sound mind might presume his total ruin, as a valiant successor appeared (4) to the eyes of the beholders. May your most reverend power hear, I pray, and let the soul exult in a maidenly gift so celestial as the Omnipotent has deigned to bestow in our times. The celestial Maid drew near (5); and that which the almighty Father Himself granted to the Virgin Mary above all others — namely that, beholding her so fair, each one, whosoever he was and of whatsoever immoral life, led his days free from all worldly concupiscence — the same might be asserted, it would be said, of the virgin sent to us, whose name is Joan? Joan, I say, the Maid, clothed in shepherd’s garb and as it were manly, by command of almighty God came to the king through divers fearful journeys, without violence, unharmed, unspotted, accompanied by persons; she came to the king, and since the thing was so formidable (?), it was ordained by disposition of the royal council that she should not forthwith speak to the king, but be diligently examined by many men and most exquisite clerks, doctors in the sacred page, and others. But it befell that, notwithstanding that proposed disposition, the Maid went without delay to the queen, and asked for the king, whom she called the Dauphin. The king held back not, but straightway went to her…

(1) One of the transcriptions gives inexcusabili, the other inexusabili.

(2) Correct pro digno micatam to par prodigio micantem.

(3) There is acceptam quam in the two texts.

(4) Patebat?

(5) Correct caelesti Puello to coelestis Puella.

III. Letter of Charles VII to the Inhabitants of Narbonne #

10 May 1429

A letter in the form of a mandate, presenting after the manner of an army bulletin all the phases of the deliverance of Orléans. It was written at three different times between the evening of 9 May and the morning of the 10th, as the news arrived at Chinon where the king was. M. Félix Ravaisson having noticed this piece among the papers of the town hall of Narbonne, made it known to me. At my request, the Minister of Public Instruction kindly had a copy delivered to me. It is this copy that I give to the press. It was made by M. Tournal, secretary of the archaeological commission of Narbonne and correspondent of the Travaux historiques.

The original is numbered 23, second case of the Municipal Archives of Narbonne.

BY THE KING.

Dear and well-beloved, we believe that you have well known the continual diligences made by us to give all possible succour to the town of Orléans long since besieged by the English, ancient enemies of our kingdom, and the effort to which we have put ourselves divers times, having always good hope in our Lord that finally He would extend His grace there and would not suffer so notable a city and so loyal a people to perish or fall into the subjection and tyranny of the said enemies. And because we well know that, as loyal subjects, you could have no greater joy and consolation than to hear good tidings announced thereof: we inform you that, by the mercy of our Lord from whom all proceeds, we have newly victualled mightily and twice in a single week the said town of Orléans, well and greatly, in the sight and knowledge of the said enemies, without their being able to resist it. And since, that is to say last Wednesday, our people sent with the said victualling, together with those of the said town, assaulted one of the strongest bastides of the said enemies, to wit that of Saint-Loup; which, God aiding, they took and gained by force and a fair assault that lasted more than four or five hours. And there were dead and slain all the English who were within, without there being slain of ours save two persons only; and although the English of the other bastides then issued out in battle, making show of wishing to fight, nevertheless when they saw our said people before them, they returned basely without daring to reach them. And our said people have still remained beyond in hope of doing greater things.

On the other part we have presently received letters from our fair cousin of Vendôme, by which he informs us that his castle of the said place of Vendôme — into which, by means of a varlet of the garrison, the enemies had newly entered — has been promptly recovered by our people being in the said town and marches (1).

All which things well considered, we have good confidence in the mercy of our Lord, by means also of the good diligence that we mean to make in pursuing our good fortune, that our affairs shall come to a good issue. Which we will well communicate to you, knowing that so you would wish and desire; praying and exhorting you right heartily that, in recognition of all these things, you will by notable processions, prayers and orisons well praise and thank our Creator, beseeching Him ever to be our aid and to conduct our affairs; for in your good prayers we have right great hope. And in so doing, you will do well and your duty, and we shall be right grateful to you for it. And as other tidings come to us, we shall ever make them known to you.

(1) The author of the Journal de Paris, alone of all the chroniclers, had knowledge of this fact, which he reports in terms very inexact besides. See vol. IV, p. 463.

Since these letters were made, there has come to us a herald, about an hour after midnight, who has reported on his life that last Friday our said people passed the river in boats to Orléans, and besieged on the Sologne side the bastide of the bridge end. And the same day they gained the lodging of the Augustins; and on the Saturday likewise they assaulted the remainder of the said bastide, which was the boulevard of the bridge, where there were some six hundred English fighters under two banners and the standard of Chandos; and finally, by great prowess and valiance of arms, always by the grace of our Lord, they gained the whole of the said bastide. And all the said English who were there have been slain or taken. For this, more than before, you must praise and thank our said Creator, who of His divine clemency has not willed to put us in oblivion; and you could not enough honour the virtuous deeds and marvellous things which the said herald, who was present, has reported to us, and others also, concerning the Maid, who has ever been in person at the execution of all these things.

And since again, before the finishing of these letters, there have arrived before us two gentlemen who were at the business, who certify and confirm all in the manner and more amply than the said herald; and thereof they have brought us letters in the hand of the lord of Gaucourt. Moreover we had this evening certain tidings that, after our people had last Saturday taken and discomfited the bastide of the bridge end, the morrow at daybreak the English who remained fled away and dislodged so hastily that they left their bombards, cannons, artillery and the greater part of their victuals and baggage.

Given at Chinon, the 10th day of May.

Signed CHARLES, countersigned DUIS (1).

(1) A like letter to this one was sent to the inhabitants of La Rochelle, as appears from the history of that town written by Arcère (vol. I, p. 271). The author adds that the Rochellais received the news with the manifestations of the greatest joy, and that they wished to mark the event by the pomp of a solemn festival.

IV. Collect Introduced into the Office on Occasion of the Maid #

Already published by M. Buchon after manuscript français 7301 of the Bibliothèque Royale. These sorts of prayers are alleged as a grievance against Joan in the trial of condemnation. See vol. I, p. 101 and 290.

Antiphona. Our enemies are gathered together, and they glory in their might. Break their strength, O Lord, and scatter them, that they may know there is no other who fights for us but Thee, our God.

V. Give them fear and wither their audacity.

V. Let them be moved from their condition.

O Lord, hear our prayer, etc.

The Lord be with you, etc.

Let us pray.

O God, author of peace, who without bow and arrow crushest the enemies that hope in Thee, come to our aid, we beseech, O Lord, that Thou mayest propitiously guard our adversity; that, as by the hand of a woman Thou hast delivered Thy people, so for Charles our king Thou mayest raise up an arm of victory whereby he may overcome in this present the enemies who trust in their multitude and glory in their arrows and their lances; and at length may come gloriously to Thee, who art the way, the truth and the life, together with the people committed to him. Through our Lord Jesus Christ.

Here ends the prayer of the Maid throughout the realm of France.

V. Letter of Guy and André de Laval to the Ladies of Laval, Their Mother and Grandmother #

8 June 1429

The original, today lost, appears to have formed part of the archives of the Chambre des Comptes. There is a copy of it in the twentieth volume of the Duchesne manuscripts in the Bibliothèque Royale, and Delaroque, in the forty-third chapter of his Traité de la Noblesse, published a fragment of it after another copy which he held from M. Vyon d’Hérouval. A third text, printed in full among the supplements to Godefroy’s Histoire de Charles VII, has since been reproduced to satiety.

It is to be noted that the principal author of this letter, Guy de Laval, fourteenth of the name, was the first of his house to bear the title of count, and that this title was conferred on him at the very coronation of Charles VII; that André de Laval, his brother, likewise became an illustrious man, in turn admiral and marshal of France, and it is he who figures so often in the chronicles under the name of Marshal de Lohéac; that their mother, Jeanne de Laval, was a woman of great heart who, during the time of a long widowhood, knew not only how to suffice for the education of a numerous family, but also to defend against the English the patrimony of her children; lastly that the grandmother, Anne de Laval, no less energetic than her daughter, had been in her youth married to the constable Bertrand Du Guesclin. These two ladies, driven from Laval by a passing reverse of their arms, were dwelling in the castle of Vitré at the beginning of 1429.

My most redoubted ladies and mothers, since I wrote to you from Sainte-Catherine de Fierbois last Friday, I arrived on the Saturday at Loches, and went to see my lord the Dauphin at the castle, at the end of vespers, in the collegiate church — who is a most fair and gracious lord, and most well formed and well nimble and able, of the age of about seven years which he must have; and there I saw my cousin the Lady of La Trémoille, who made me very good cheer; and, as they say, she has but two months more to carry her child.

On the Sunday I arrived at Saint-Aignan, where the king was, and sent to fetch and bring within my lodging the lord of Trèves, and my uncle (1) went to the castle with him, to signify to the king that I had come, and to know when it should please him that I should go before him: and I had answer that I should go thither as soon as it pleased me; and he made me very good cheer, and said me many good words. And when he had gone through the chamber or spoken (2) with some other, he turned again each time towards me, to put me in talk of sundry things, and said that I had come at the need, unsummoned, and that he was the better pleased with me for it. And when I told him that I had not brought such company as I desired, he answered that what I had brought sufficed well, and that I had good power to recover a greater number. And the lord of Trèves said at his lodging to the lord of La Chapelle, at … that the king and all those about him had been well content with the persons of my brother and of me, and that we pleased them well; and he swore right strongly that it was not to be mentioned that to one of his friends and kinsmen that he had he would have made so good welcome nor so good cheer — whereof it is not for him to make good cheer nor good welcome, as he said.

And on the Monday I parted from the king to come to Selles-en-Berry, four leagues from Saint-Aignan; and the king had the Maid come before him, who was already at Selles. Some said that this had been in my favour, that I might see her; and the said Maid made very good cheer to my brother and to me, armed in all points save the head, and holding the lance in hand. And after we had dismounted at Selles, I went to her lodging to see her; and she had wine brought, and told me that she would soon make me drink at Paris; and it seems a thing altogether divine, her deeds, and to see her and to hear her. And she departed this Monday at vespers from Selles to go to Romorantin, three leagues onwards and approaching the enemy, the Marshal de Boussac and a great number of armed men and of the commons with her; and I saw her mount to horse, armed all in white save the head, a little axe in her hand, on a great black courser which at the door of her lodging stirred himself very greatly and suffered not that she should mount; and then she said: Lead him to the cross, which was before the church nearby, on the road. And then she mounted, without his stirring, as if he were bound. And then she turned towards the door of the church, which was very near, and said in a right woman’s voice: You priests and churchmen, make processions and prayers to God. And then she turned to her way, saying: Forward, forward, her folded standard borne by a gracious page, and she had her little axe in her hand. And a brother of hers (1) who had come eight days since departed likewise with her, all armed in white.

And there arrived this Monday at Selles my lord the Duke of Alençon, who has a very great company; and I have won from him today at the palm-game a wager (2). And my brother of Vendôme (3) has not yet come hither. I have here found one of the gentlemen of my brother of Chauvigny (4), because he had already heard that I had arrived at Sainte-Catherine; and he has told me that he has written to the nobles of his lands, and that he thinks to be soon over here; and he says that my sister is well his mistress, and fatter than she was wont. And it is said here that my lord the constable comes with six hundred men-at-arms and four hundred men of shot, and that Jean de La Roche comes also, and that the king has not had for a long while so great a company as it is hoped will be here; nor ever did men go with better will to a business than they go to this. And my cousin of Rais (5) is to arrive here this day, and my company grows; and whatsoever it be, what is here is right honest and in good array; and here is the lord of Argenton, one of the principal governors, who makes me right good welcome and good cheer; but of money there is none at the court, save so straitly that for the present time I hope for no succour or support. Wherefore you, madame my mother, who have my seal, spare not my land by sale or mortgage, or advise a more convenient affair, whereon our persons are to be saved, or else by default abased, and perchance on the way to perish; for if we did not so, seeing there is no pay, we shall all remain alone. And hitherto our doing has still been and is in good honour; and our coming has been to the king and all his people, and also to the other lords who come from all parts, right agreeable; and they all make us better cheer than we could write you.

The Maid told me in her lodging, when I went to see her, that three days before my arrival she had sent to you, my grandmother, a very little gold ring, but that it was a very little thing, and she would gladly have sent you better, considering your commendation.

This day my lord of Alençon, the Bastard of Orléans and Gaucourt are to depart from this place of Selles and go after the Maid. And you have had delivered I know not what letters to my cousin of La Trémoille and lord of Trèves, by occasion whereof the king strives to wish to retain me with him until the Maid has been before the English places round Orléans, where they are going to lay the siege; and the artillery is already provided; and the Maid is not dismayed that she be not soon with the king, saying that when he shall take his way to draw forward towards Reims, that I should go with him; but God forfend that I should do it and that I go not (1). And my brother said as much (2), and likewise my lord of Alençon, that forsaken would be he who should remain (3). And I think that the king will depart this Thursday hence to approach nearer the host; and people come from all parts each day. Afterwards I shall let you know, as soon as anything has been wrought, what has been executed. And it is hoped that, before ten days be out, the thing will be well advanced on one side or the other. But all have so good hope in God that I believe He will aid us.

My most redoubted ladies and mothers, we commend ourselves, my brother and I, to you, the most humbly that we can; and I send you blank signs of my hand, that, if it please you, dated of this present, you write somewhat of the contents herein to my lord the duke (4), that you write him thereof; for I have never written him since; and may it please you also briefly to write us your news; and you, madame my mother, in what health you find yourself after the medicines you have taken, whereof I am in very great unease. And I send you herewith these presents the minute of my testament, that you, my mothers, may advise me and write me by the next comers what seems you good that I add thereto; and I think yet to add thereto between the two; but I have not yet had any leisure.

My most redoubted ladies and mothers, I pray the blessed Son of God that He give you good life and long, and we commend ourselves also both to our brother Louis (1). And for the reader of these presents, whom we greet, the lord of Boschet (2), and our cousin his daughter, my cousin of La Chapelle, and all your company. And for the access and … (3) of soliciting the means as best may be done; and we have no more in all than about three hundred crowns of the weight of France.

Written at Selles, this Wednesday the eighth of June.

And this evening there have arrived here my lord of Vendôme, my lord of Boussac and others; and La Hire has drawn near the host, and likewise they shall soon do business. God grant it be to our desire!

Your humble sons, GUY and ANDRÉ DE LAVAL (4).

(1) Doubtless one of the lords of Montfort, brother of Jean de Montfort, called Guy XII of Laval.

(2) Perhaps allant, parlant [going, speaking].

(1) Pierre d’Arc.

(2) A wager.

(3) Louis de Bourbon, Count of Vendôme, was brother-in-law of the lord of Laval, having married his sister Jeanne de Laval. His arrival is announced in a postscript.

(4) Guy de Chauvigny, lord of Châteauroux, husband of Catherine de Laval.

(5) Gilles de Laval, Marshal de Rais.

(1) That is to say, God forfend that I be retained near the king until the journey of Reims and that I go not to the siege of the said places.

(2) Correct to et autretant, that is to say just as much.

(3) Godefroy corrects: que abandonné seroit celui qui demeureroit. But by substituting qu’il for the first qui (a continual confusion in texts of that time), one arrives at an old location equivalent to our exclamatory tant: How forsaken would be he who, etc.

(4) The Duke of Brittany.

(1) Louis de Laval, lord of Châtillon, who was governor of Champagne and grand master of waters and forests under Louis XI.

(2) A knight who made himself famous by retaking the town of Laval from the English on 25 September of the same year. An annual procession perpetuated in the country the memory of that event.

(3) Lacuna in the copy.

(4) Godefroy adds: et Guy de Laval, then he conjectures in a note that for Guy one must read Gilles. But we must see there only a useless doubling of the name of Guy, who on the original will have signed with his own hand after having been placed in the subscription by his secretary.

VI. Supply of a Suit of Clothing Made to the Maid at the Expense of the Duke of Orléans #

14 or 20-24 June 1429

Two schedules, the one bearing the ordering of the sum necessary for the making of a complete suit, the other containing the receipt of the purveyors. The originals on parchment belong to M. Lemareschal of Beauvais. They have already been published in the Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes (vol. I of the second series). The supply bearing for date the sojourn of the Maid at Orléans in the month of June 1429, relates either to the 14th or to the 20th or following days of that month; for Joan went to take some rest at Orléans both after the taking of Jargeau and after the battle of Patay.

I. — Charles, Duke of Orléans and of Valois, Count of Blois and of Beaumont and lord of Coucy, to our beloved and loyal keepers of our accounts, greeting and love. We command you that the sum of thirteen old gold crowns of the weight of sixty-four to the mark, which by our beloved and trusty treasurer-general Jacques Boucher (1) has been paid and delivered in the month of June last past to Jean Luillier (2), merchant, and Jean Bourgois, tailor, dwelling at Orléans, for a robe and a huque (3) which the men of our council then caused to be made and delivered to Joan the Maid, being in our said town of Orléans; having consideration for the good and agreeable services that the said Maid has done us against the English, ancient enemies of my lord the King and of us: to wit, to the said Jean Luillier, for two ells of fine vermilion Brussels (1), of which the said robe was made, at the price of four gold crowns the ell, eight gold crowns; for the lining thereof, two gold crowns; and for one ell of lost green (2) to make the said huque, two gold crowns; and to the said Jean Bourgois, for the fashion of the said robe and huque, and for white satin, sendal and other stuffs, for all, one gold crown: do you, the said sum allow in the accounts of our said treasurer and abate from his receipt, without any contradiction or difficulty, upon rendering these presents and the receipt thereon of the aforesaid only, notwithstanding ordinances, restrictions, mandates or prohibitions whatsoever to the contrary. Given at the said place of Orléans, the last day of September, in the year of grace 1429.

By my lord the Duke, at the relation of you hereto commissioned by him. Signed LASSE.

(1) See vol. III, p. 68, and IV, p. 153.

(2) The same who deposed at the rehabilitation trial, vol. III, p. 23.

(3) Robe, a sort of long gown for men’s use. Huque, a blouse or short coat worn either under the robe or over the armour.

(1) A superfine crimson cloth of Brussels.

(2) A dark green approaching black. Green and crimson were the colours of the livery of the house of Orléans. The green was gay or light in the time of Duke Louis. After he was assassinated, his son replaced the gay green with brown green. The lost green succeeded that last after the battle of Agincourt, when the prince was made prisoner. (See Catalogue des archives de Joursanvault, vol. I, p. 129.)

II. — Jean Luillier, draper and burgess of Orléans, and Jean Bourgois, tailor of the said place, confessed to have had and received from Jacques Boucher, treasurer-general of my lord the Duke of Orléans, the sum of thirteen old gold crowns of the weight of sixty-four to the mark, for a robe and a huque which the men of the council of my said lord the duke caused to be made and delivered as from the month of June 1429 to Joan the Maid, being then at the said place of Orléans: to wit, the said Luillier, for two ells of fine vermilion Brussels of which the said robe was made, eight crowns; for the lining thereof two crowns; and for one ell of lost green to make the said huque, two gold crowns; and the said Bourgois, for the fashion of the said robe and huque and for white satin, sendal and other stuffs, for all, one gold crown; as, etc. And held themselves well content, etc., quit, etc. Done the 5th day of August, in the year 1430. Signed CORMIER.

VII. Letter of Perceval de Boulainvilliers to the Duke of Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti #

21 June 1429

Published after a manuscript of the Charterhouse of Mölk in the Codex historico-diplomaticus, forming a sequel to the Thesaurus anecdotorum of Pez (part III, p. 237). M. Voigt, who did not know this, printed as an unpublished document a translation into Old German of the same piece found by him in the secret archives of Königsberg (see the Leipzig Literary Gazette, no. of 3 June 1820). This new text, in which the name of Boulainvilliers was travestied into that of Boulourmak, served to make a French translation which M. Buchon placed in the Panthéon littéraire.

Perceval de Boulainvilliers, author of this epistle, was a very important man at the court of Charles VII. He styles himself in his subscription counsellor-chamberlain of the king and seneschal of Berry. Before being called to that office, he had had to fulfil several commissions for the recruiting of Scottish and Lombard auxiliaries. He was naturally in relation with the Visconti family, having married the daughter of Perceval de Gournay, governor of Asti for the Duke of Orléans.

It has been explained above (p. 22) how the letter of Perceval de Boulainvilliers was put into verse and accommodated to the events of 1430 by the poet Antoine Astesan.

To the most illustrious and magnificent prince the lord John (1) Angelo Maria, Duke of Milan, my honourable lord.

Most illustrious and magnificent prince and my most honourable lord, the care of mortals, and chiefly of studious and excellent minds, desires to know new and elsewhere unheard-of things, and loathes things grown old as though long tasted. Hence it is, magnificent prince, that, heeding the praises of your serenity, your proclamations, and the inquiry and efforts of your marvellous desires, I have presumed to signify to you what and how great things have newly befallen our king of France and his realm.

Already, as I think, the fame of a certain Maid, sent to us, as is piously believed, from heaven, has sounded in your ears; and that I may touch in few words her life, deeds, estate and manners, I shall narrate the beginnings of her origin.

She was born in a little village named Domrémy, in the bailiwick of Bassigny (2), within and at the ends of the realm of France, upon the river Meuse. There hard by Lorraine she is known to be begotten of just and simple parents. On the night of the Epiphany of the Lord, on which peoples are wont more joyously to recall the acts of Christ, she entered this mortal light, and (marvellous to tell) all the common folk of that place were moved by an inestimable joy and, ignorant of the Maid’s birth, ran hither and thither, inquiring what new thing had befallen. The hearts of many had consented to a new joy. What more? The cocks, as if heralds of the new gladness, beyond their wont broke out into unwonted songs, and, touching their bodies with their wings, seemed for nearly two hours to foretell the issue of the new thing.

(1) Correct Philippo. The ms. had Ph., which will have been read Jh.

(2) Doubtless Bassignacensi.

The child is reared; and when she had grown and reached the years of seven, after the manner of country folk, she was deputed by her parents to the keeping of lambs, in which charge no lamb is known to have perished nor anything to have been devoured by a wild beast; and when she was in the paternal house, she protected all the household with such security that neither foe, barbarian fraud nor malice touched them in the least. At length, the twelve years of her age being accomplished, the first revelation was made to her in this wise:

While she herself was keeping the sheep of her parents with the girls, certain of them wandered in the meadow. She is approached by the bystanders; they ask whether she would run a race for a posy of flowers or for some other prize. She assents and, the wager made, moved with such celerity in a second and a third course that they scarce believed she trod the earth, insomuch that one of the girls cried out: Joan (such is her name), I see you flying close to the ground. And when she had finished the course and at the end of the meadow, as if rapt and alienated from her senses, resting her wearied body to resume her breath, there stood by her a certain youth who addressed her thus: Joan, go home; for your mother said she has need of your help. And believing that he was her brother or one of the neighbouring boys, she came home in haste. Her mother meets her, asks the cause of her coming and of the sheep left behind, and chides her. And the innocent Maid answering said: Did you not send for me? To whom the mother: No.

Then believing herself deceived by the boy, wishing to return to her companions, suddenly before her eyes a most bright cloud is presented, and from the cloud a voice was made saying to her: Joan, it behoves you to lead another life and to do wondrous deeds; for you are she whom the King of Heaven has chosen for the repair of the realm of the Franks and for the aid and protection of King Charles, expelled from his dominion. You shall be clothed in man’s garb; taking arms you shall be head of the war; all shall be governed by your counsel. And when this voice had been made, the cloud disappeared, and the Maid, astounded at so great a prodigy, giving no credence to the words as at first, but remaining perplexed whether she ought to believe or not, innocent knew not. By day and by night like apparitions were made to the said Maid and renewed at repeated times. She holds her peace; to none, save only to her parish priest, did she lay open her mind, and in this perplexity she persevered for the space of almost five years.

At length, the Earl of Salisbury sailing from England into France, the aforesaid apparitions and revelations of the said Maid were renewed and multiplied beyond the wont. The young girl’s soul is shaken, her mind seethes with anxiety, and on a certain day, while she contemplated in the field, an unwonted apparition, greater and clearer than she had ever seen, appeared to her, and a voice was made to her saying: How long do you tarry? Why do you not make haste? Or why do you not go with swift step whither the King of Heaven has destined you? For in your absence France is destroyed, towns are laid waste, the just perish, nobles are slain, famous blood is shed. And she, somewhat emboldened, answered her priest’s admonitions: What shall I do or how shall I do it? Shall I go? I know not the way, I know not the people, I know not the king; they will not believe me; I shall be a mockery to all, and deservedly. What is more foolish than to tell great men that a girl shall repair France, govern armies, bring back triumph over the foe? What more laughable than that a girl should be clothed in man’s garb? And when she had spoken these and many other things, she received this answer: The King of Heaven ordains and wills; seek no further how these things shall be: for as is the will of God in heaven, so shall it be also on earth. Go to the town lying near here, named Vaucouleurs (1), which alone in the parts of Champagne keeps faith to the king, and the keeper of that town shall lead you without hindrance whither you seek.

So she did, and after many foreshown wonders, he bade her be conducted, accompanied by nobles, by the roads to the king. And they coming passed through the midst of the enemies, no repulse interposed. And when they had come as far as the castle of Chinon (2) in the Touraine parts where the king fortified himself, it had been deliberated by the royal council that she should not see the king’s face nor be presented to him until the third day. But men’s hearts are suddenly changed. The Maid is summoned. Forthwith she dismounts from her horse and is most diligently examined in faith and morals by archbishops, bishops, abbots and doctors of either faculty. At last the king brings her to his parliament, that she might be questioned yet more strictly and vigilantly. And in all these things she was found a faithful Catholic, well-thinking in faith, sacraments and institutes of the Church. Moreover she was most curiously examined by learned women, experienced virgins, widows and married women, who felt nothing other than what beseems womanly honesty and nature.

Moreover for the space of six weeks she is still watched, observed, considered, whether even any lightness or change from the undertaking might be conceived. But immovable in serving God, hearing mass, receiving the Eucharist, she continued her first purposes; every day with tearful sighs she implored the king that he give her licence to invade the enemies or to return to the paternal home. And the licence being with difficulty obtained, with victuals to be conducted she enters Orléans. Soon after she invades the camps of the besiegers, which though judged impregnable, yet within the space of three days she herself conquered. Not a few of the enemies were slain, more were captured, the remaining part put to flight. Now the city is freed from the siege. Which things done, she returns to the king. The king hastens to meet her, receives her joyfully, and for some interval of time she remains with the king, hastens, urges that he call forth expeditions, gather his battle-lines to overcome the remaining part of the adversaries. And the army renewed, she besieges the town called Jargeau (1); on the morrow she gives battle; it is taken by force, six hundred noble warriors being there conquered, among whom the Earl of Suffolk, an Englishman, and his german brother are captured, but the other brother is slain.

Yet after the space of three days interposed, Meung-sur-Loire and Beaugency, strong and fortified towns, she invades, storms and conquers. Nor does she delay, and on that Saturday which was 18 June, she meets the English army hastening to the succour. The enemies are invaded; our men obtain the victory, fifteen hundred fighting men being slain, a thousand captured, among whom certain captains were taken, to wit the lords of Talbot and of Fastolf, and the son of the lord of Hungerford, and very many others. But of ours not three were found slain. All which we attribute to a miracle wrought by God. These and many other things the Maid has wrought and, God granting, shall do greater than these.

This Maid is of comely elegance, claims for herself a manly bearing, speaks little, shows a wondrous prudence in things said and to be said. She has a woman’s voice, slender as it were, eats sparingly, takes wine more sparingly; delights in horse and in the beauty of arms, loves armed and noble men much, loathes the throng and converse of many, streams with an abundance of tears, bears a cheerful countenance, is of unheard-of labour and so strong in the bearing and sustaining of arms that for six days by day and night she remains unceasingly and completely armed. She says the English have no right in France, and says she is sent by God to expel them thence and overcome them — the warning having nevertheless been made by her. She venerates the king supremely. Him she says to be beloved of God and specially preserved and to be preserved. The lord Duke of Orléans, your nephew (1), she said was to be miraculously delivered — the warning nevertheless having first been made upon his liberty to the English detaining him. And that I may make an end of words, most illustrious prince, the things are and become more marvellous than I could write to you or the tongue speak.

(1) Ventelori in the Pez text.

(2) Gavenio in Pez; Chinon in M. Buchon’s translation.

(1) Frangutam in the Pez text.

(1) Valentine of Milan, mother of the Duke of Orléans, was sister of Filippo Maria.

In the writing beyond, it has presently befallen that the aforesaid Maid has already gone to the parts of the city of Reims in Champagne, whither the king hastens to his consecration and coronation, God helping (2).

I humbly commend myself to you. Written the 21st day of June, in the year of the Lord 1429.

Your most humble servant, Parceval (3), lord of Boulainvilliers, counsellor and chamberlain of the king of the Franks and seneschal of the lord duke of Berry.

(2) It must be supposed that this paragraph is a postscript added several days after the letter was written. The departure for Reims did not take place until the 29th.

(3) Read Parcevallis, a correction indicated by the genealogies of the house of Boulainvilliers and by the Königsberg document.

VIII. Fragment of a Letter on Prodigies Come to Pass in Poitou #

About 25 June 1429

Published for the first time by M. Buchon, after manuscript français 7301 of the Bibliothèque Royale. The letter to which this piece originally belonged must have been written at Maillezais or in some other town of the diocese of Luçon, a short time after the battle of Patay. That event is announced in it.

Of news from the king our sire, it is said that the English have been slain in Jargeau, six hundred men-at-arms. The Earl of Suffolk rendered himself to the Maid, on his knees; La Pole his brother, dead; both he and the other brother, prisoner. There is enough of other news, for which our Lord be praised.

Certain is the rout of the English, which was wrought between Meung and Orléans in fair battle. And there two thousand five hundred English were slain, and the rest of their company fled. Their captains were Talbot, Fastolf and Scales, who are said to be taken and slain. The places of Beaugency and of the said Meung are surrendered, and several others; and the king’s affairs are in higher degree than ever they were, and shall be yet, at the pleasure of our Lord (1).

One sees come to pass hereabouts the most marvellous things that man ever saw, as of men armed in all points riding in the air upon a great white horse, and over the armours a great white band, coming from the Spanish sea, and passing over two or three fortresses near Talmont, and drawing towards Brittany: whereof all the country of Brittany is frightened, and my said lord the duke — for he has made the oath to the English, they say (2) — they know their destruction by him. The king has sent to the bishop of Luçon to know the truth of this business. Who has informed himself thereof and has found by information that many people have seen it in several places of his bishopric, and that, as it passed over a castle near the said Talmont, named Bien (1), the people of the said castle, when they saw it come, thought they were all lost and thunderstruck, for it was in the midst of a great fire which touched it not within two fathoms; and it held in its hand a sword all naked, and came riding in the air with so great a rush that it seemed the castle was all ablaze. And those of the castle began to cry with a loud voice; and then the said man thus armed said to them three times: Be not dismayed. And these things have been affirmed to the king to be true by the said bishop of Luçon and by two gentlemen sent to the king for this cause, who have affirmed to have seen it, and more than two hundred persons; and so many other marvels that it is a great thing.

(1) I have inverted the order of these two paragraphs, putting second the one that is first in the very defective copy of manuscript 7301. The order of the facts and that of the ideas demanded this change.

(2) Disent for disant, as above venent for venant. This member of the sentence relates to the Bretons who accused their duke of leading them to their loss because he had sworn to the English.

(1) I believe that one must read Chien, for there was a castle of this name near Talmont.

IX. Letter of the Maid to the Inhabitants of Tournay #

25 June 1429

It is not unknown that the town of Tournay was of the domain of the crown of France until the beginning of the sixteenth century. Though isolated in the midst of the Burgundian power, it acknowledged Charles VII in 1426 and held for him all the time of his misfortune. It owed this strength of resistance to the form of its government, which was a democracy constituted with a rare wisdom. The Maid’s letter is taken from one of the registers in which the people’s answers to the communications made by the magistracy were inscribed. It was brought to Tournay on 7 July. Forthwith the four consaux or administrative committees summoned the clergy and the king’s delegates, to advise with them upon the content of the despatch. It was decided, after deliberation, that it should be communicated to the banners, that is to say to the thirty-six sections forming the whole body of the citizens. The despatch was made under a superscription thus conceived: Forasmuch as we know you to be always desirous of hearing and knowing good tidings of the estate and prosperity of the king our sire, we have had copied the letters which the Maid, who is at present with the king our said lord, has sent us.

The banners, after hearing the letter read, declared that they referred themselves to the wisdom of the consaux; whereupon the latter named deputies to go to the king, conformably to Joan’s invitation. The return of these envoys is entered in the same register, in the following terms:

Thursday evening, 21st day of July, Bettremieu Carlier, grand dean, Jacques Queval, sworn man, and master Henry Romann, general counsellor of the town, returned from the embassy whither they had been sent to the king our sire at his anointing and coronation at Reims and at the entries he had made into the towns of Troyes, Châlons and others. And the morrow, 22nd day of the said month, the said ambassadors made their report at the stone upon the steps of the entrance of the council hall of the town, in the presence and hearing of the people, and so presented the letters of the king our sire addressed to the consaux and commonalty, which were read in the hearing of the said people; and contained the answer that the king made upon the said embassy. And on the 26th day following, the said letters were read before the consaux and commissioners in hall.

We take these details from an article by M. Hennebert, inserted in the Archives historiques et littéraires du nord de la France (new series, vol. I, p. 520, year 1837) — an article which accompanies the publication of the document itself, the discovery of which is likewise due to M. Hennebert.

JESUS MARY.

Gentle loyal Frenchmen of the town of Tournay, the Maid lets you know the tidings from here, that in eight days she has chased the English out of all the places they held upon the river Loire, by assault or otherwise; and many of them have been slain and taken, and she has discomfited them in battle. And believe that the Earl of Suffolk, La Pole his brother, the lord of Talbot, the lord of Scales and Sir John Fastolf (1) and several knights and captains have been taken, and the brother of the Earl of Suffolk and Glasdale slain. Keep yourselves right loyal Frenchmen, I pray you, and I pray and require you that you be all ready to come to the anointing of the gentle King Charles at Reims where we shall shortly be, and come to meet us when you shall know that we draw near. To God I commend you; God be your guard and give you grace that you may maintain the good quarrel of the realm of France. Written at Gien the 25th day of June.

On the address: To the loyal Frenchmen of the town of Tournay.

(1) Sir John Fastolf was not made prisoner at the battle of Patay, since it was he who directed the retreat of the English army. Here however is the third document (see above, pp. 120 and 122) in which the news of his capture is announced. Here one can no longer suppose a false rumour; it is from Joan’s own mouth that the fact is attested. It must be believed that the French were deceived for a moment, either by the resemblance of one of their prisoners to Fastolf, or by the ruse of some English knight who had surrendered to them passing himself off as Fastolf.

X. Letter of the Maid to the Duke of Burgundy #

17 July 1429

Published twice as unedited: first by the archivist Godefroy, in the Abbé Grosier’s Journal de la littérature, des sciences et des arts (year 1780, vol. IV, p. 448), and secondly by M. Berriat Saint-Prix, in the history of Joan of Arc which he brought out in 1817. In the interval, the original had been lost and found again. It has never left the archive deposit of Lille, formerly archives of the Chambre des Comptes of Flanders, today archives of the département du Nord.

Our text has been established after a perfectly executed facsimile possessed by M. Aimé Martin.

JESUS MARY.

High and redoubted prince, Duke of Burgundy, Joan the Maid requires you, by the King of Heaven, my rightful and sovereign lord, that the King of France and you make a good firm peace, which endures long. Pardon one another with good heart, entirely, as loyal Christians must do; and if it please you to make war, then go upon the Saracens. Prince of Burgundy, I pray, beseech and require you, as humbly as I can require you, that you war no more upon the holy realm of France, and cause to withdraw forthwith and shortly your people who are in any places and fortresses of the said holy realm; and on the part of the gentle King of France, he is ready to make peace with you, saving his honour, if it lies not in you. And I make known to you, by the King of Heaven, my rightful and sovereign lord, for your good and for your honour and upon your life, that you shall not win battle against the loyal French, and that all those who war upon the said holy realm of France war against the King Jesus, King of Heaven and of all the world, my rightful and sovereign lord. And I pray and require you with joined hands, that you make no battle nor war against us, you, your people or subjects; and believe surely that, whatsoever number of men you bring against us, they shall not prevail there, and it will be great pity for the great battle and for the blood that will there be shed of those who shall come against us. And it is three weeks since I wrote you and sent good letters by a herald, that you should be at the anointing of the king which, today Sunday, the 17th day of this present month of July, is done in the city of Reims: whereof I have had no answer, nor heard since tidings of the said herald. To God I commend you and may He be your guard, if it please Him; and I pray God that He put good peace there. Written at the said place of Reims, the said 17th day of July.

On the address: To the Duke of Burgundy.

XI. Letter of Three Angevin Gentlemen to the Wife and the Mother-in-law of Charles VII #

17 July 1429

Printed for the first time in the Bibliothèque instructive of Père Menestrier (vol. II, p. 90), after the original possessed in their archives by the religious of the abbey of Bénisson-Dieu in Forez. Père Griffet had knowledge of it and used it to annotate Daniel at the passage of the coronation of Charles VII. We have said (vol. IV, p. 380) that the date of this event had long been a subject of controversy, in consequence of errors of figure introduced into all the editions of Monstrelet. M. Buchon, who did not suspect this, did all the contrary of Père Griffet: he corrected the letter of the abbey of Bénisson-Dieu by the printed text of Monstrelet and reprinted it with the date of 27 July, without warning of the change he was making in it. It is well ascertained today that the good manuscripts of Monstrelet, as well as the private letters, as well as all documents having some authority, agree in placing the coronation on the 17th.

Our sovereign and most redoubted ladies, may it please you to know that yesterday the king arrived in this town of Reims, where he has found all and full obedience. Today he has been anointed and crowned; and it was a most fair thing to see the fair mystery, for it was as solemn and furnished with all things belonging to it, as well and as suitably for doing the thing, both in royal robes and other things necessary thereto, as if he had ordained it a year before; and there were as many people as it is an infinite thing to write, and likewise the great joy that each one had thereof.

My lords the Duke of Alençon, the Count of Clermont, the Count of Vendôme, the lords of Laval and La Trémoille, were there in royal robes, and my lord of Alençon made the king a knight, and the aforesaid represented the peers of France; my lord d’Albret held the sword during the said mystery before the king; and for the peers of the Church there were present with their croziers and mitres my lords of Reims and of Châlons, who are peers; and in lieu of the others, the Bishops of Sées and of Orléans, and two other prelates; and my said lord of Reims performed the said mystery and anointing which belongs to him.

To go fetch the holy ampulla in the abbey of Saint-Rémy, and to bring it into the church of Notre-Dame, where the anointing was done, were ordained the Marshal de Boussac, the lords of Rais, Graville, and the admiral, with their four banners which each bore in his hand, armed in all points and on horseback, well accompanied to conduct the abbot of the said place who brought the said ampulla; and they entered on horseback into the said great church and dismounted at the entry of the choir, and in this state they returned it after the service into the said abbey; which service lasted from nine o’clock until two. And at the hour when the king was anointed, and also when the crown was set upon his head, every man cried Noël! and trumpets sounded in such wise that it seemed the vaults of the church must split.

And during the said mystery, the Maid stood always hard by the king, holding her standard in her hand. And it was a most fair thing to see the fair manners that the king kept, and the Maid also. And God knows how much you were wished there.

Today have been made by the king counts the lord of Laval and the lord of Sully, and Rais marshal (1).

(1) This is not said in the Histoire généalogique of Père Anselme, who attests, on the contrary, on the authority of the accounts of that year, that Rais was marshal as from 21 June 1429; but the accounts having been rendered only at the end of September, it may be conceived that there was applied to him during all the time of the financial year 1428-1429 the title which he held only during two months and a half of that same year.

Friday a week ago, the king laid siege before Troyes, and made them most hard war; then they came to obedience; and he entered it the Sunday after by composition. And if they had not done him obedience at his pleasure, he would have taken them by force; for it is a marvellous thing to see the great power of the people who are in his company. The Monday following the king departed from Troyes holding his way to Châlons. Those of Châlons sent before midday to render obedience. The king entered it Thursday and departed Friday, holding his way to this town. And likewise those of this town have come to render obedience, and are right joyful of his coming, as they show to their power.

Tomorrow the king is to depart hence holding his way towards Paris. It is said in this town that the Duke of Burgundy has been there and has returned to Laon, where he is at present; he sent to the king as soon as he arrived in this town. At this hour we hope that a good treaty will be found there before they depart. The Maid has no doubt that she will not put Paris into obedience.

At the said anointing, the king made several knights, and also the said peer lords make them marvellously; there are more than three hundred new ones.

Our sovereign and redoubted ladies, we pray the blessed Holy Ghost that He give you good life and long.

Written at Reims, this Sunday 17th of July.

Your most humble and obedient servants,
Beauvau (1), Moreau, Lussé.

And on the back is written: To the queen and to the Queen of Sicily, our sovereign and most redoubted ladies.

(1) Doubtless Pierre de Beauvau, of whom mention is made above, p. 38.

XII. Letter of Alain Chartier to a Foreign Prince #

End of July 1429

Printed only once by Lami, in the Deliciae eruditorum (vol. IV, p. 38), after a manuscript of the Riccardi library in Florence. The Latin manuscript 8757 of our Bibliothèque Royale contains another reading of it; but the two texts are so corrupt that even after having worked them one by the other, it has been necessary to renounce establishing the sense of several passages.

The letter is without address, without subscription and without date. It is attributed to Alain Chartier because the two manuscripts in which it is found are collections of letters of that celebrated man. Lami conjectured that it had been written for the emperor Sigismund, but a secretary of the king of France writing to the emperor of Germany would not have called him illustrissime princeps. It is a question of a prince who had sent an express to Bourges to take information on the Maid from the abbot of Saint-Antoine in Dauphiné or from the archbishop of Vienne. The choice of these two ecclesiastical dignitaries, both belonging to the same province, both neighbours of Savoy, would seem to me bound to carry conjectures in that direction. If Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, is not the personage to whom Alain Chartier addresses himself, one may choose between his son Louis, prince of Piedmont, the marquis of Montferrat, the marquis of Saluzzo or the Duke of Milan.

Most illustrious prince, your messenger Corardus met me yesterday at Bourges; who asserted that he had been sent by you into Gaul that he might obtain in letters, from the abbot of Saint-Antoine or the archbishop of Vienne (1), what is said of the Maid; but finding neither of them, he asked me earnestly that if I desired to do you a pleasing and agreeable thing, I should compose these letters on the Maid. And I, moved by your splendour and greatness, have willingly given my pains, that your messenger should not return empty and void of great and illustrious things which you greatly desire to know.

First, as I suppose, you wish to know who the Maid is. If you ask her nation, she is of the realm; if her country, of Vaucouleurs, a town which is near the river Meuse; born of parents who were given to husbandry and to flocks. Having entered the age of childhood, she was set to the care of the cattle. But when she had reached her twelfth year, by a voice born of a cloud she was admonished many times to go to the king and succour the failing realm. But when the English had besieged Orléans with a strong army and strong castles and bastides, she was not only admonished by the oracle of those above, but also visited with threats that she should suffer a most heavy penalty unless she went speedily to the king. To her asking [how] she should journey and what it behoved her to do when arrived (2), the answer was: Putting off woman’s garb, take man’s, and companions who may accompany you to the king and conduct you, from the captain of Vaucouleurs. When you have journeyed and spoken with the king, deliver Orléans from the siege. Then bring the king to be consecrated at Reims; when crowned, restore Paris and give him back his realm.

(1) Remensi [Reims] in Lami’s edition.

(2) A passage visibly corrupted by the copyists. The edition gives quod nil vel instead of quid vel. I should propose quidve profectam.

The Maid made no delay; she went to the captain, received companions, put on man’s garb, and mounting a horse — which she had never done before — undertook the journey, and through the fields, through the camps, through hostile towns and the midst of the enemies’ weapons, herself unharmed and all her companions safe, advanced and at last arrived where the king was. But the king, hearing of the Maid’s coming and learning why she came and what she declared she would do, used the counsel of a most wise king, and resolved neither to despise her nor admit her until by experience he should know what there was in her of good or ill, feigned or true, honest or wicked. Therefore the Maid is brought to examination before most learned men, as if into a battle; where being questioned again and again on many and arduous matters human and divine, she answered nothing but what was excellent and worthy of praise; so that she seemed not to have pastured flocks in the fields, but to have learnt letters in the schools. A most fair spectacle indeed: a woman disputing with men, the unlearned with the learned, one alone with many, the lowliest on the loftiest things! But when the king heard with what words and what constancy she spoke, he had her summoned before him and heard her speaking diligently. What she said, no man knows; yet it is most manifest that the king was filled, as it were by the Spirit (1), with no mean alacrity.

After this the Maid, since she burned to fulfil the divine commands, asked that an army be given her forthwith wherewith to succour Orléans now in peril; to whom, lest anything should be done rashly, it was at first denied, but at length granted. Which received, with a mighty abundance of victuals she repairs to Orléans. Passing under the enemies’ camps they perceive nothing hostile; for the enemies, as if from foes made friends, from men made women, or as if all were bound hand and foot, suffer the victuals to pass into the town with equanimity. The victuals being brought into the town, she herself going against the camps, it is a certain marvel in what manner, or in how brief a space, she took them — especially the one raised in the midst as it were of the bridge (1), which was so strong and so furnished and ramparted with all things that, if nations, if peoples of the whole world had attacked it, it could not, it was believed, be taken. At last she attacks one, then another and a third fort, which, as they were girt about with rivers and full of armed men and all garrisons, seemed in no wise able to be stormed. Which forts indeed this warrioress overwhelmed like a tempest; and then hearing that the English with an army were at hand, she led her army and battle-line against the enemies, invaded them with great spirit. Nor was she moved from her purpose because the enemies were far superior in number. The English could not sustain the Maid’s onslaught, so that conquered, they were slain to a man like cattle. After this she pronounces that it must not be ignored that the time had come when the crown was to be received by the king; that they must therefore go to Reims: which seemed to many not only difficult but impossible, since they must needs proceed through towns and places held by the enemies. But the towns themselves gave themselves up to the king of their own accord. And so they came to Reims and the king, the Maid leading him, was consecrated.

(1) Spretum in Lami’s edition.

(1) The edition and the manuscript have Pontem instead of pontis; the one and the other indicate by a blank that there is a lacuna between medio and quasi.

But lest I go on too long, and to touch many things in few words if I can: there is no mortal who, if he thinks upon her, does not admire — who does not stand amazed at the words, the deeds and feats which in so brief a time, so many and so marvellous, she has wrought. But what marvel? For what is there of the things that leaders must have in wars which the Maid has not? Military prudence? She has it wondrous. Fortitude? She has a lofty spirit above all. Diligence? She surpasses the brave. Justice? Virtue? Felicity? And in these she is adorned beyond the rest. And if she is to fight with the foe, she herself leads the army, herself places the camps, herself arrays the battle and the line, and uses bravely the work of a soldier and performs the work of a leader. For the signal given, she seizes her lance, brandishes it seized, hurls it at the enemies, and, her horse touched with the spurs, breaks with mighty onset into the host.

This is she who has not come forth from any other lands, but seems sent down from heaven to sustain falling Gaul with her neck and shoulders. She has borne the king, labouring in a vast gulf of storms and tempests, into port and shore, and raised his spirits to hope for better things. She, repressing English fierceness, has stirred up Gallic audacity, has forbidden Gallic ruin, has shaken off the Gallic conflagration. O singular virgin, worthy of all glory, of all praise, worthy of divine honours! Thou art the glory of the realm, the light of the lily, thou the light, thou the glory not of the Gauls alone but of all Christians. Let not Troy remember and rejoice in Hector, let not Greece exult in Alexander, Africa in Hannibal, Italy in Caesar and all the Roman captains glory. Gaul, though she have many of the ancients, yet content with this one Maid, will dare to vaunt herself and compare herself in warlike praise with other nations, yea, if need be, to set herself above them.

These are the things which I have had to say of the Maid for the present; and if I have said them more briefly than perhaps you would wish, that was done because I fear that if I had spoken them more diffusely, they would have gone out not into a letter but into a book. Farewell.

XIII. Fragment of a Letter of the Duke of Bedford #

End of July (?)

Printed in Rymer’s Pacta, Foedera, etc., vol. X, p. 408, under the following title: On the death of the Earl of Salisbury, on the enchantments of the diabolical woman whom they call the Maid, and on the state of things then in France, among other things these words of the Duke of Bedford to the king are related. Because the death of Salisbury is spoken of in it, Rymer has placed it among the pieces of the year 1428, but wrongly, since not only had the Maid appeared at the moment of the despatch, but already she had astonished the world with her successes.

And all thing there prospered for you, till the time of the siege of Orleans taken in hand, God knoweth by what advis. At the which time, after the adventure fallen to the person of my cousin of Salisbury, whom God assoil, there fell, by the hand of God, as it seemeth, a great stroke upon your people that was assembled there in great number, caused in great part, as I trow, of lack of sad belief, and of unlawful doubt that they had of a disciple and limb of the Fiend, called the Pucelle, that used false enchantments and sorcery. The which stroke and discomfiture not only lessened in great part the number of your people there, but as well withdrew the courage of the remnant in marvellous wise, and encouraged your adverse party and enemies to assemble them forthwith in great number, etc. (1)

(1) Here is the literal translation of this piece [into French in the original]: And all things prospered for you until the time of the siege of Orléans undertaken, God knows by what counsel. At which time, after the adventure that befell the person of my cousin of Salisbury, whom God absolve, there happened by the hand of God, as it seems, a great mischief upon your people who were assembled there in great number; which arose in great part, as I think, by entanglement of the false beliefs and foolish fear that they had of a disciple and hound of the Enemy (that is to say of the Devil), called the Maid, who used false enchantments and sorcery. Which mischief and discomfiture not only diminished a great part of the number of your people, but also withdrew the courage of the remainder in a marvellous manner, and encouraged your adversaries and enemies to assemble forthwith in great number.

XIV. Exemption from Taxes Granted to the Inhabitants of Greux and Domrémy in Consideration of the Maid #

31 July 1429

A vidimus of the year 1483, preserved until lately in the town hall of Greux (2), furnished the text of this piece to M. Jollois, who had it printed for the first time in his Abridged History of the Life and Exploits of Joan of Arc. Lenglet Dufresnoy had promised to give it in the third part of his work, but did not do so, doubtless because the copy did not reach him in time.

The privilege of Joan of Arc’s fellow townsmen subsisted until the last century. I have seen a confirmation of it by Louis XV dated 10 August 1723, in which were alleged as antecedents an ordinance of March 1656 and a decree of the council of 28 February 1682. Ancient memoranda, drawn up at the beginning of the seventeenth century, found the perpetuity of the same usage upon the constant reproduction of the formula Néant, la Pucelle [Nothing, the Maid], placed before the names of the villages of Greux and Domrémy on all the taille-rolls of earlier times.

Charles, by the grace of God king of France, to the bailiff of Chaumont, to the treasurers (1) and commissioners commissioned and to be commissioned to assess and impose the aids, tailles, subsidies and subventions in the said bailiwick, and to all our other justices and officers or their lieutenants, greeting and love. We make known to you that in favour and at the request of our well-beloved Joan the Maid, considering the great, high, notable and profitable service which she has done and does daily to us in the recovery of our lordship: we have granted and do grant of special grace by these presents to the tenants and inhabitants of the town and village of Greux and Domrémy, in the said bailiwick of Chaumont in Bassigny (2), of which the said Joan is a native, that they be henceforth frank, quit and exempt from all tailles, aids, subsidies and subventions laid and to be laid in the said bailiwick. So we command and enjoin you and each of you that of their said enfranchisement, quittance and exemption you make and let the said tenants and inhabitants have joy and use fully, without putting or giving them, or suffering to be put or given them, any hindrance or impediment to the contrary, now or for the time to come; and in case the said tenants and inhabitants be assessed or charged to the said tailles and aids, let each of you for his part have them held quit and peaceable thereof: for so it pleases us and we will it to be done, notwithstanding any ordinances, restrictions, mandates or prohibitions to the contrary. Given at Château-Thierry, the last day of July, in the year of grace one thousand four hundred twenty-nine, and of our reign the seventh. Thus signed: By the king in his council. BUNE (1).

(2) M. Melcion, the present mayor of Greux, has, at my request, sought this deed among the papers of his commune and no longer found it.

(1) Aux tiers in M. Jollois’s edition.

(2) Later, the élections having been multiplied, Domrémy alone remained in that of Chaumont. Greux was of the bureau of Bar.

(1) The secretary’s name could not be deciphered by the author of the copy printed by M. Jollois; but this name is given, with the analysis of the piece, in the Traité sommaire du nom et des armes de la Pucelle [Summary Treatise of the Name and Arms of the Maid], p. 4. In the same work, at the same place, we read: By other letters patent given at Chinon, 6 February 1459, it is seen that the inhabitants of the said villages of Greux and Domrémy being troubled in the said exemption, the king commands that they be preserved and maintained therein according to the said first patent of the year 1429, in these words: In favour of the said Maid, native of that parish and in which are her kinsfolk: the said second patent verified and executed by sentence of the élus of Langres of the first of April, in the said year 1459 before Easter.

XV. Letter of the Maid to the Inhabitants of Reims #

5 August 1429

Printed for the first time in 1844 by M. Varin, in the Archives administratives de Reims (vol. I, p. 596). The original was preserved in the town hall of Reims at the beginning of the seventeenth century; only a copy of the same period exists, which is found interpolated in the manuscript of Rogier, in the Bibliothèque Royale (French Supplement, no. 1515-2); it is thence that M. Varin has exhumed it.

My dear and good friends the good and loyal Frenchmen of the city of Reims, Joan the Maid lets you know her news, and prays and requires you that you make no doubt in the good quarrel that she leads for the royal blood; and I promise and certify you that I shall not abandon you so long as I live. And it is true that the king has made truce to the Duke of Burgundy for fifteen days, so that he must render the city of Paris peaceably at the end of fifteen days. Nevertheless, be not at all marvelling if I do not enter there so briefly, seeing that of the truces so made I am not content, and I know not if I shall keep them; but if I keep them, it will be only to keep the honour of the king; seeing also that they shall not abuse the royal blood, for I shall keep and hold together the king’s army to be all ready at the end of the said fifteen days, if they do not make peace. Wherefore, my most dear and perfect friends, I pray you that you be not in distress so long as I live; but I require you that you keep good watch and guard the king’s good city; and let me know if there be any traitors who wish to grieve you, and as soon as I can, I shall remove them from among you; and let me know your news. To God I commend you, who be your guard.

Written this Friday, the fifth day of August, near a lodging in the fields on the way to Paris.

On the address: To the loyal Frenchmen dwelling in the town of Reims.

XVI. Deliberation of the Council of the Town of Reims #

5 September 1429

Printed after what remains of the registers of the town hall of Reims, by M. Varin; same work and same volume as the preceding piece, p. 743.

Monday, 5th of September 1429, by Antoine de Hellande, captain, and present my lord of Saint Denis, master N. Syrene, master C. Duguet; J. Caillart, C. Hurtaut, aldermen; G. Hodierne, G. Lescot, master P. Chardon, master J. Cabert, master P. de Montfaucon, master H. La Barbe, and several aldermen and others to the number of 400 persons:

It has been deliberated to pay the expenses of the father of the Maid (1) and to give him a horse to go away.

Item, to write to the king and to my lord of Reims, concerning the raids made by the men of Poton being at Château-Thierry and other garrisons, and that it please them to provide therein; and likewise to the Maid, that provision be made therein.

(1) See the article of the town accounts which states the payment of this expense, below, in the chapter of Extracts borrowed from the account books, under the heading of the Maid’s journey and sojourn at Reims.

XVII. Public Outrage Done to the Magistracy of Abbeville on Account of the Maid #

About 15 September 1429

A remission from the Trésor des Chartes, published here for the first time, after register J, 175 (piece 125) of the Archives of the Realm. The Benedictines have cited it at the word Persina of their supplement to Du Cange’s Glossary, on account of the expression sentir la persinée which is employed in it twice.

Henry, by the grace of God king of France and of England, make known to all present and to come that there has been humbly set forth to us on the part of Colin Gouye, called le Sourd, and Jehannin Daix, called Petit, natives of the town of Abbeville, prisoners in our prisons at Amiens:

How that all their lives they have maintained and governed themselves under our obedience and employed their powers in our service; which men, soon after our enemies and adversaries, being in their company the woman vulgarly named the Maid, had come into our realm and country of France and especially before our town of Paris — on a certain day the said suppliants, being in the company of one named Colin Broyart before and near the hostel of a marshal named Guillaume Dupont, in our town of Abbeville, heard that certain persons were speaking of the deeds and delusions of the said woman vulgarly named the Maid, and especially a herald; to which herald the said Petit had said: Faugh, faugh, and that whatsoever thing the said woman said or did was nought but delusion; and likewise said the said Colin and the others aforesaid; and that no faith should be given to the said woman; and that those who had belief in her were fools and smelt of the persinée, or words similar in substance; and moreover that there were in the said town several others who smelt of the persinée; not thinking to give charge to any of the good burgesses and tenants and inhabitants of our said town;

For which cause and other words whereof they were suspected by the mayor and aldermen of our said town of Abbeville, the said suppliants and the said Colin Broyart were made prisoners by the said mayor and aldermen and long held in strait and hard prisons, and afterwards put in our prisons at Abbeville, where they were for a certain space of time in great rigour from the said mayor and aldermen. And they being in the said prisons, had knowledge that we and our most dear and most beloved uncle and cousin the Duke of Burgundy were making assembly of men-at-arms and of shot to resist the enterprise of our enemies and adversaries: wherefore the said suppliants and the said Broyart together were moved to depart thence. And in fact they departed from the said prisons by a hole which they made between two beams and went as far as the fortress, by which they let themselves down by a rope into the moats, passed beyond and went into our service, both at the siege of Compiègne and elsewhere; where they have always continued until a certain time when they returned into our said town, we being in our town of Rouen, with intention of going to us to be provided upon the said case.

And they being there, had knowledge that one named Jean Laudée, burgess and tenant in our said town of Abbeville, was pursuing very hard to give them hindrance: wherefore they concluded together and attacked the said Jean Laudée about the evening and drew their swords upon him, without the said Laudée being in any wise hurt or wounded; and fearing the power of the said Jean Laudée, who was making a great assembly of people to find and bring danger upon the bodies of the said suppliants, they passed over the walls of the said town and beyond the said moats secretly.

For which causes the said suppliants have been called to our rights and banished from our realm of France for ever. And nevertheless they have continued in several places in our service, in such wise that lately, as they were going in the company of the lord of Omont with intention of going to the siege of Lagny, they have been taken by our people and officers of Montreuil and led to our bailiff of Amiens, where they are prisoners, in the way of ending their days miserably unless, thereupon, our grace and mercy be imparted to them, as they say, etc.

Wherefore we, these things considered, willing that mercy be preferred to rigour of justice, to the said suppliants and to each of them in the said case, have acquitted, remitted and pardoned, remit, acquit and pardon of our special grace, full power and royal authority, the deeds and things aforesaid, etc.

Given in the fields before Lagny-sur-Marne, the 6th day of July in the year of grace 1432 and of our reign the tenth.

Thus signed: By the king at the relation of my lord the governor and regent of France, Duke of Bedford. J. DE RIVEN.

XVIII. Communications of the King and of the Maid to the Inhabitants of Troyes #

2 October 1429

Extract from the Register of the assemblies made with the leave, licence and authority of M. the bailiff of Troyes or his lieutenant, by MM. the clergy, burgesses and inhabitants of the town of Troyes, since Wednesday the 21st day of the month of September in the year 1429, in the archives of the Aube. Communicated by M. Ph. Guignard, archivist of the département.

Sunday, 2nd day of the month of October in the year 1429, there were assembled in the royal hall at Troyes, by the ordinance and commandment of M. the bailiff of Troyes, the persons who follow, to wit, etc., … and several others, come in great number, to hear the reading of certain letters sent by the king to MM. the clergy, burgesses and inhabitants; which were read and expounded word for word; containing in substance that the king has written to Mgr. de Vendôme that he succour us in our necessity and that he come over here, for favour of the necessities from hereabouts, and they were written at Gien, the 23rd of September.

There were published in the said assembly certain letters of Joan the Maid, written at Gien the 22nd day of the said month, by which she commends herself to MM., lets them know her news, and that she has been wounded before Paris (1).

(1) See the first letter written by the Maid to the inhabitants of Troyes in the preceding month of July, in the extract from Rogier, vol. IV, p. 284.

XIX. Note of Divers War Provisions Furnished by the Town of Clermont-Ferrand at the Request of the Maid #

7 November 1429

Extract from the register called the Papier du chien [Dog’s Paper] or Book of the memoirs and diligences of the town of Clermont, fol. 47 verso; printed by M. Buchon in the Panthéon littéraire, corrected after a new copy by M. Desbouis, archivist of the town of Clermont.

Be it remembered that the Maid Joan, messenger of God, and my lord d’Albret sent to the town of Clermont on the 7th day of November in the year one thousand four hundred and twenty-nine, letters making mention that the town should be pleased to aid them with cannon powder and shot and artillery for the siege of La Charité. And it was ordained by my lords of the church, the aldermen and inhabitants of the said town, to send them the things which follow, which were sent to them by Jean Merle, quartermaster of my lord the Dauphin, as appears by his receipt, which is in this paper: and firstly two quintals of saltpetre, one quintal of sulphur, two cases of bolts containing a mailer’s worth; and for the person of the said Joan, one sword, two daggers and a battle-axe. And it was written to Messire Robert Andrieu, who was with the said Joan, that he should present the said harness to the said Joan and lord d’Albret (1).

(1) See the two pieces which follow, as well as the account of the supplies made by the town of Orléans for the same expedition, below, among our Extracts from the account registers.

XX. Letter of the Maid to the Inhabitants of Riom #

9 November 1429

A piece discovered in 1844 among the papers of the town hall of Riom, by M. Tailhand, president of the royal court of that town. It was then published by several daily newspapers. We give a facsimile of the original, which is on paper, signed in the very hand of the Maid. This circumstance agrees very well with the avowal she made to her judges of not knowing how to write. The uncertain and cramped form of the letters shows that she only succeeded in giving this signature by having her hand guided. The original of Riom, which I have seen and held, had been sealed with a red wax seal of which the imprint has been destroyed. The back alone is preserved: one sees there the mark of a finger and the remains of a black hair which appears to have been placed originally in the wax.

Dear and good friends, you know well how the town of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier has been taken by assault; and, with God’s aid, I have intention of clearing the other places which are contrary to the king; but because great expenditure of powders, shot and other implements of war has been made before the said town, and that the lords who are in this town and I are but poorly provided with them for going to lay siege before La Charité, whither we are presently going: I pray you, upon as much as you love the good and honour of the king and also of all the others hereabouts, that you will forthwith send and aid for the said siege with powders, saltpetre, sulphur; shot, strong crossbows and other implements of war. And do herein so much that, for want of the said powders and other implements of war, the thing be not long, and that one may not be able to call you negligent or refusing therein. Dear and good friends, may Our Lord be your guard. Written at Moulins, the ninth day of November.

Signed: JEHANNE.

On the address: To my dear and good friends, the churchmen, burgesses and inhabitants of the town of Riom.

XXI. Letter of the Lord d’Albret to the Same #

Same date.

Same provenance as the preceding piece; printed for the first time by M. Tailhand, in the Presse judiciaire (journal of Riom) of 10 August 1844.

Most dear and great friends, you have been able to know well how the town of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier has been taken by assault; at which taking we have made great expenditure of powders, shot and other implements of war: wherefore at present we are but poorly provided with them. And because our intention is, with God’s aid, to pursue and labour at the remainder of the deliverance and clearing of the other places contrary and enemies of my lord the king, and of his countries and subjects, and namely of La Charité, Cosne and others: it is need and necessity for us to have presently great quantity of powders, shot and other implements of war — which things to recover, nor the money that would be needed therefor, we could not so largely nor presently furnish as is needful, without the aid of you and of the other good towns and loyal subjects of my lord the king: wherefore you, who desire, as we firmly believe, the clearing and deliverance of the said places — seeing that by the adversaries and enemies of my lord the king, who detain and occupy the same places, you and the other subjects of my said lord are greatly oppressed and damaged, and also that no good man or good merchants dare go or travel through the country for fear of the said enemies — we pray and require you most earnestly and upon as much as you love and desire the clearing and deliverance of the said places, and the good of you and of the neighbouring countries of the same, that you will aid us and send presently by our beloved Jean Merle, whom for this cause we send to you, as largely as you can and know presently to aid with cannon powders, saltpetre, sulphur, crossbows and other implements of war, so that our enterprise be not long, and that for want of powders and other things aforesaid the business be not in any wise hindered or delayed. And what the bearer of these shall tell you from us touching the said matter, will you please to believe and give him full faith and credence; and forthwith deliver him and give him and cause to be given and delivered what shall be necessary to bring and conduct before the town of La Charité where Joan the Maid, my lord de Montpensier and we are presently going to lay the siege. And of what you will aid us and of your will and intention, upon what is said, let us know by the said Jean Merle; and if there be anything you wish we could do, we shall do it: this knows Our Lord, who have you in His guard. Written at Moulins, the 9th day of November.

Signed: The lord d’Albret, Count of Dreux and of Gavre, lieutenant of the country of Berry for my lord the king, in the matter of war, CHARLES.

On the address: To my most dear and great friends, the churchmen, burgesses and inhabitants of the town of Riom.

XXII. Ennoblement of Joan of Arc and of Her Family #

December 1429

Printed for the first time by Jean Hordal, in his history of Joan of Arc; reproduced by Delaroque and many others. The present text is corrected after a vidimus of Henri II which is in register 260 (piece 306) of the Trésor des Chartes, in the Archives of the Realm. The author of the pamphlet entitled De extraction et parenté de la Pucelle [Of the extraction and kindred of the Maid] says that the original charter was in his time (1610) in the hands of a member of the family dwelling in Normandy.

Charles, by the grace of God king of the Franks, for the perpetual memory of the thing. Being about to magnify the most abundant and most splendid graces of the divine loftiness, which by the celebrated ministry of the Maid, Joan d’Ay (1) of Domrémy, our dear and beloved, of the bailiwick of Chaumont or its jurisdiction, have been bestowed upon us, and are hoped, the same divine clemency cooperating, to be yet amplified: we judge it fitting and opportune that the said Maid, and all her kindred, as well for the merits of her office as for the praises of the divine laud, should be raised and exalted with the worthy insignia of the honours of our royal majesty, so that, thus ennobled by divine brightness, she may leave to her lineage some eminent gift of our royal liberality, whereby the divine glory and the fame of such great graces may increase and endure for everlasting times. We therefore make known to all present and future, that we, attending to the premises, considering moreover the laudable, acceptable and convenient services, already manifoldly rendered to us and to our realm by the said Joan the Maid, and which we hope shall be rendered in future, and certain other causes inducing our mind to this: the aforesaid Maid; Jacques d’Ay, of the said place of Domrémy, her father; Isabelle his wife, her mother; Jacquemin and Jean d’Ay, and Pierre Pierelo (1), brothers of the said Maid, and all her kindred and lineage, and in favour and for the contemplation of the same, their posterity also, masculine and feminine, born and to be born in lawful matrimony, have ennobled, and by these presents, of special grace and of our certain knowledge and plenitude of power, do ennoble and make noble; expressly conceding that the said Maid, the said Jacques, Isabelle, Jacquemin, Jean and Pierre, and all the kindred and lineage of the said Maid, and their posterity born and to be born, be held and reputed in their acts, in judgment and out, by all for nobles; and that they enjoy peaceably the privileges, liberties, prerogatives and other rights which the other nobles of our said realm, begotten of noble stock, have been wont and do use. And the same and their said posterity we aggregate to the fellowship of the other nobles of our said realm begotten of noble stock; notwithstanding that they, as is said, took not their origin from noble stock, and perchance are of another condition than free: willing also that the same aforenamed, and the said kindred and lineage of the oft-said Maid, and their posterity masculine and feminine, may, whensoever and as often as it shall please them, obtain from any knight the girdle of knighthood, or be decorated therewith. Moreover conceding to the same and their posterity, as well masculine as feminine, procreated and to be procreated in lawful matrimony, that they may acquire fiefs and arrière-fiefs and noble things from nobles and any other persons whomsoever, and may retain, hold and possess perpetually both things acquired and to be acquired, without being compelled to put them, now or in future time, out of their hand by occasion of unnobility; nor be held or compelled to pay us, or our successors, any finance whatsoever on account of this ennoblement: which finance indeed, by intuition and consideration of the aforesaid, to the same abovenamed and to the said kindred and lineage of the said Maid, of our ampler grace we have given and quitted, and do give and quit by these presents, notwithstanding any ordinances, statutes, edicts, usage, revocations, custom, inhibitions and mandates made, or to be made, to the contrary hereof. Wherefore to our beloved and faithful people of our accounts, and to the treasurers as well generals as commissioners ordained or to be deputed upon the business of our finances, and to the bailiff of the said bailiwick of Chaumont, and our other justices or their lieutenants present and future, and to each of them, in so far as it shall pertain to him, we give in command by the tenor of these presents that they make and permit the said Joan the Maid, and the said Jacques, Isabelle, Jacquemin, Jean and Pierre, and all the kindred and lineage of the said Maid, and their posterity aforesaid born and to be born in lawful matrimony, to use and enjoy peaceably our present grace, ennoblement and concession, now and hereafter, and that they in no wise hinder or molest the same against the tenor of these presents, or suffer them to be molested or hindered by any whomsoever. And that this may obtain the strength of perpetual stability, we have caused our seal to be set to these presents, ordained in the absence of the great seal; our right in others, and that of others in all, being always safe. Given at Meung-sur-Yèvre, in the month of December, in the year of the Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty-ninth, and of our reign the eighth.

On the fold: By the King, the Bishop of Sées, the lords of La Trémoille and of Trèves, and others being present. Signed, MALLIERE.

And lower: Expedited in the King’s Chambre des Comptes, the sixteenth day of the month of January, in the year of the Lord 1429, and registered there, in the book of charters of this time, fol. 121. Signed, AGRELE.

Sealed with the great seal of green wax, on double queue, in laces of red and green silk.

(1) Great surprise has been expressed that the Maid’s family name should have been thus altered in so capital a document; this comes from the manner of pronouncing of the Lorrainers, who at that time, even more than today, made narrow a’s and extinguished the r’s. For the people of Domrémy, the name d’Arc was foreign; probably Jacques d’Arc, born in Champagne, pronounced his name in one fashion and his children in another.

(1) It is believed that this name should be read Pierrelot, and that it was thus that Pierre d’Arc was called in the village.

XXIII. Deliberations of the Council of the Town of Tours on a Request of the Maid #

19 January and 7 February 1430

Extracted from one of the ancient registers preserved in the archives of the town hall of Tours. These documents were published for the first time by M. Vallet de Viriville in the Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes, vol. IV (first series), p. 488.

The 19th day of January, in the year 1429, at the Tablier of the said town, in the presence of Guyon Farineau, judge of Touraine, assembled Sire Jean Dupuy (1), counsellor of the Queen of Sicily; the aldermen of the town, master Léonard Champenoys, canon of the church of Tours, commissioned by the said church; masters Jean Chemier and Rigaut de Voillon, canons of the church of Tours, for the chapter of Tours; masters Jean Deslandes, canon of Monseigneur Saint-Martin; Pierre Briconnet, Olivier Duboillon, Estienne Gemier;

To deliberate upon certain closed letters sent by Joan the Maid to the four aldermen of the town and Sire Jean Dupuy, making mention that there be given to Heuves Polnoir, painter (2), the sum of one hundred crowns to dower his daughter, and that it be kept for him.

(1) Host of the Maid when she was at Tours. See vol. III, p. 101.

(2) He was the painter who had decorated Joan’s banner and standard at her departure for Orléans. See below the Extracts from the account books.

Appointed that thereupon they shall speak to the said Heuves and write thereof to Sire Jean de Pontchier and master Jean Lepicart, being at Bourges (1), etc.

— The 7th day of February, in the year 1429, at the place of La Massequière, present Jean Godeau, lieutenant, etc., and Guyon Farineau, judge of Touraine, the aldermen assembled: Master Pierre Léonart, official of Tours, for Mgr. the archbishop; master Jean Chemier, canon and archpriest of the church of Tours, for the said church; master Jean Deslandes called Bonamy, for the chapter of Monseigneur Saint-Martin; Jean Debrion, Macé de la Bretonnière, Pierre Briconnet, Jean Vésantier, Guillaume de Montbazon, Jean Laillier, Colas de Montbazon, Jean Herviet, Jean Pesthieu, Roulet Berthelot, Gillet Debrion and others.

By whom it has been deliberated that to the daughter of Heuves Polnoir, painter, who has newly married — for the honour of Joan the Maid, come into this realm to the king for the business of the war, saying that she had been sent to him by the King of Heaven against the English, enemies of this realm; who has written to the town that, for the marriage of the said daughter, the said town should pay her the sum of one hundred crowns: that of this nothing shall be paid nor given her, because the moneys of the town must be employed in the repairs of the town and not elsewhere. But, for love and honour of the said Maid, the said churchmen, burgesses and inhabitants shall do honour to the said daughter at her blessing, which shall be next Thursday; and prayers shall be made for her in the name of the said town; and to make the said prayer to the notable men of the said town, Michau Hardoin, notary of the said town, is ordained. And to the said daughter shall be given bread and wine on the day of her said blessing; to wit, for bread, a septier of wheat, and four gallons of wine (1).

(1) They were both at court for the affairs of the town.

(1) See among our Extracts from the account books the payment of the sum voted for this gift.

XXIV. Letter of the Maid to the Hussites of Bohemia #

3 March 1430

German translation of a letter which one easily recognises as having been originally written in Latin. It was brought to light by M. de Hormayr, in the Taschenbuch für vaterländische Geschichte of 1834. Although the editor is silent on the provenance of this piece, it is none the less of incontestable authenticity. Composed by a cleric, it breathes the research of a mind formed to literary exercises, and cannot consequently be compared to any of the other letters of the Maid.

We refer the reader to our fourth volume (p. 503), for knowledge of the testimony which the Dominican Jean Nider bore upon this letter.

JESUS MARY.

Long since the fickle report, but lately the certain voice of the people as the voice of God, has brought to my ears, to me the Maid Joan, the knowledge of this: that from Christian heretics you have become blind heathens and Saracens; that you have abolished the true faith and all edification of the service of God; that you labour at a revolting superstition; that you defend it by blood and flame; that by means of terror and outrage you suffer it to spread mightily; that you cast down the holy images, that you lay the holy buildings in ruins and rubbish! Are you then utterly raving? What senseless fury possesses you? You would persecute the sublime faith, undermine it, yea root it out — that faith which almighty God, the Son and the Holy Ghost have awakened, instituted, exalted, sealed by the sublimest sacrificial death, confirmed by thousands of miracles. They who lack sight and the light of the eyes are clear-sighted beside you, first of the blind. Think you aught is committed unpunished? Know you not that God suffers your wickedness to stride forward, your errors to grow, your darkness to increase, your murderous swords to prevail, that when you have climbed the summit of godlessness He may suddenly cast you into the abyss?

I, the Maid Joan — to speak to you truly the truth — would long since have visited you with avenging arm, if the war with the English did not still hold me here. But if I hear not soon of your amendment, of your return into the bosom of the Church, I shall perchance leave the English and turn against you, to extirpate the outrageous superstition with the edge of iron and to take from you either heresy or life. If however you return to the former light, if you return into the bosom of the Catholic confession, then send your envoys to me. I shall tell them what you have to do. But if you harden yourselves in your obstinacy, may the horror of the harm you have wrought, of the crimes wherewith you have defiled yourselves, shake your stubbornness. Expect me with the strongest human and divine power to repay you like for like.

Given at Sully, the 3rd of March.

XXV. Letter of the Maid to the Inhabitants of Reims #

16 March 1430

Copy of the seventeenth century interpolated in the manuscript of Rogier (French Suppl., no. 1515-2, in the Bibliothèque Royale), and printed by M. Varin, in the Archives législatives de la ville de Reims, second part, vol. I, p. 596.

The original, formerly preserved in the town hall of Reims, was signed in Joan’s hand like the letter above, p. 147, and sealed with a red wax seal completely broken.

Most dear and well-beloved and well-desired to see, Joan the Maid has received your letters making mention that you fear having the siege. Know that you shall not have it, if I can meet them; and if so it were that I met them not, and they came before you, do you shut yourselves up stoutly, for I shall be very shortly towards you; and if they are there, I shall make them wear out their spurs so hastily that they shall not know where to take them, and their seil (1) is so brief that it will be soon. Other thing I write you not for the present, but that you be always good and loyal. I pray God that He have you in His guard. Written at Sully, the 16th day of March.

I would send you yet some news whereof you would be right joyful; but I fear that the letters might be taken on the way and that the said news might be seen.

Signed: JEHANNE.

On the address: To my most dear and well-beloved, the churchmen, burgesses and other inhabitants of the town of Reims.

(1) Sic. Although the copy of Rogier was made with care, collated and corrected by someone practised in the reading of old deeds, it is impossible that there should not be some fault in this place. One might conjecture essil instead of seil, as one would say in better French, et leur essil est si bref — that is, their destruction is so near, etc.

XXVI. Letter of the Same to the Same #

28 March.

Same provenance as the preceding, and likewise published by M. Varin. The seal was still whole on the original; but the author of the copy declares that he could not discern either the figure or the legend.

Most dear and good friends, may it please you to know that I have received your letters, which make mention how it has been reported to the king that within the good city of Reims there were many evil ones. Know that it is quite true that it has been reported to him — verily that there were many who were of an alliance — which were of an alliance (1) — and who were to betray the town and put the Burgundians within. And since, the king has well known the contrary, because you sent him the certainty thereof: whereat he is well content with you; and believe that you are well in his grace; and if you had need, he would succour you as regards the siege; and he knows well that you have much to suffer for the hardness that these traitor Burgundian adversaries do you; so he will deliver you thereof at God’s pleasure right soon, that is as soon as it can be done. So I pray and require you, most dear friends, that you guard well the said good city for the king, and that you keep right good watch. You shall hear right soon my good news more fully. Other thing for the present I write you not, save that all Brittany is French and the Duke is to send the king three thousand fighting men paid for two months. To God I commend you, who be your guard. Written at Sully, the 28th of March.

On the address: To my most dear and good friends the churchmen, aldermen, burgesses and inhabitants and masters of the good town of Reims.

(1) Sic. See vol. IV, p. 299 what Rogier says on the subject of this affair.

XXVII. Edict Against the English Captains and Soldiers Who Refused to Cross into France for Fear of the Maid #

3 May 1430.

Printed in Rymer’s Pacta foedera, etc., vol. X of the old edition, p. 459. The Maid is not named a single time throughout the whole length of the act; but a rubric of the time, reproduced by the editor, attributes to it the following title: De proclamationibus contra capitaneos et soldarios tergiversantes incantationibus Puellae terrificatos [Of proclamations against captains and soldiers holding back, terrified by the enchantments of the Maid].

The king, to the sheriffs of London, greeting. Whereas it has been given us to understand that very many captains and soldiers, who are retained to set forth with us in our present voyage towards the parts beyond the sea, who according to the force and effect of the indentures made between us and the said captains ought to have shown themselves before our commissioners on the first day of May last past, and thenceforth, during their term of such retention, to have served us, make tarrying and expectation in the city aforesaid, to our grave prejudice and contempt, and against the form and effect of their retention aforesaid — our person, who are personally in the parts beyond the sea, and our country and subjects there, so far as in them lies, exposing to manifest peril: we, willing to obviate their perversity, contempt and prejudice, enjoining you as strictly as we can, command that forthwith, these presents seen, in each of the places of the city aforesaid and the suburbs of the same where it shall seem to you most expedient, you cause to be publicly proclaimed on our behalf, that all and singular such captains and soldiers, being in the city aforesaid and resorting to it, of whatsoever estate, degree or condition they be, who are retained to set forth with us in our voyage aforesaid towards the parts aforesaid, draw themselves towards the sea-coasts unto our town of Sandwich or of Dover, all delay and retardation laid aside, for their shipping and that of their horses and harnesses, and to our person with all possible celerity, and make haste there, upon pain of loss of their horses, harnesses and imprisonment of their bodies at our will; and that all those whom after and against the proclamation aforesaid, after the day of such proclamation made by you, you shall find making tarrying in the city aforesaid, without our licence or that of our dearest uncle Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, keeper of England, containing in writings the cause of their tarrying, signed with our seal or the signet of the keeper, you cause without delay, together with their horses and harnesses aforesaid, to be arrested and taken, and the bodies of them arrested to be put into our prison, and their horses and harnesses aforesaid under safe and secure custody to be kept, until we shall have ordained otherwise for their deliverance. And this, as you love us and our honour, and would avoid our grave indignation, in no wise omit. Witness Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, keeper of England, at the city of the king of Canterbury. The third day of May.

XXVIII. Mass Sung for Charles VII and for the Maid #

5 May 1430.

Extract from an unedited manuscript of the miracles of Saint Catherine of Fierbois, which is in the Bibliothèque Royale (Latin no. 7339). I must warn that this collection, executed about the year 1472, contains no mention either of the passage of the Maid at Sainte-Catherine or of the discovery of the famous sword.

I, Jean Boucher, licentiate in laws, canon of the churches of Tours and of Angers, and dean of Saint John of Angers, on the Tuesday after the feast of Easter, that is the 18th of the month of April, in the year of the Lord 1430, in my house at Angers, about the ninth hour of the night, began to fall gravely ill. Whereupon so great and intolerable a pain of the head invaded me (which lasted with me almost until the fourth hour after midnight) that I hoped more for the pain’s sake to die than to recover. At that hour, mindful of the glorious virgin Catherine, to whom in necessities I have ever been wont to have recourse, trusting to be aided by her prayers and merits, I commended and vowed myself to her; and suddenly and without interval, by the grace of God and of the said glorious virgin, as I firmly believe, the so great and unbearable pain disappeared; and within a few days I recovered my health; and took the road on foot, to fulfil my vow. And, thanks be to God, in the present chapel I celebrated a high-voiced mass as well for the king as for the Maid, pleasing to God, and for the prosperity and peace of this realm, on Friday the fifth of May, in the year abovesaid.

XXIX. Sojourn of the Maid in the Parish of Élincourt #

Beginning of May 1430.

The fact is recorded in these terms in the manuscript history of Beauvais, by M. Hermant (Bibliothèque Royale, French Suppl., no. 5-2, vol. III).

It is held by an ancient tradition, in the extremity of this diocese (1), that the Maid Joan dwelt some time at the castle of Borenglise, of the parish of Élincourt, between Compiègne and Ressons; and this popular belief is altogether probable (2).

(1) Of Beauvais.

(2) The more probable as the dedication of the parish of Élincourt, dedicated to Saint Margaret, was a reason for Joan to seek the neighbourhood of that church.

XXX. Letter of the Duke of Burgundy to the Inhabitants of Saint-Quentin on the Capture of the Maid #

23 May 1430.

Copied from the original on paper which is in the archives of Saint-Quentin, by M. Janin, archivist-palaeographer. The manuscript department of the Bibliothèque Royale possesses two copies of the same piece. One forms part of the Cabinet des Chartes, the other belongs to the collection of Dom Grenier (packet 13, no. 5).

BY THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, COUNT OF FLANDERS, OF ARTOIS, OF BURGUNDY AND OF NAMUR.

Most dear and well-beloved, knowing that you desire to know our news, we signify to you that this present day, 23rd of May, about six hours after noon, the adversaries of my lord the king (1) and ours, who had gathered themselves in very great power and entered the town of Compiègne, before which we and the men of our army are lodged, sallied out of the said town in power upon the lodging of our vanguard nearest to them; at which sally was she whom they call the Maid, with several of their principal captains. Against whom, fair cousin, Messire Jean de Luxembourg, who was present there, and others of our people and some of the people of my lord the king whom he had sent to us to pass beyond and go to Paris, made very great and sharp resistance; and quickly we arrived there in our own person, and found that the said adversaries were already driven back; and by the pleasure of our blessed Creator, the thing so came to pass and He did us such grace that the said woman called the Maid has been taken, and with her several captains, knights, squires and others taken, drowned and slain, of whom at this hour we do not yet know the names, without any of our people or of the people of my said lord the king having been slain or taken there, or there having been of our people wounded twenty persons, God be thanked. Of which capture, as we hold certain, there will be great tidings everywhere, and the error and foolish belief of all those who in the deeds of the said woman have rendered themselves inclined and favourable will be known; and this thing we write you for our news, hoping that you will have joy, comfort and consolation thereof and will render thanks and praises to our said Creator, who sees and knows all, and who, by His blessed pleasure, may will to conduct the rest of our enterprises to the good of our said lord the king and of his lordship and to the relief and comfort of his good and loyal subjects. Most dear and well-beloved, may the Holy Spirit have you in His holy guard.

Written at Coudun near Compiègne, the 23rd day of May. Signed: MILET.

On the back is written: To our most dear and well-beloved the churchmen, burgesses and inhabitants of Saint-Quentin in Vermandois.

(1) Henry VI.

XXXI. Analysis of a Letter of the Chancellor of France to the Inhabitants of Reims on the Same Subject #

Same date.

Jean Rogier, in his Memoirs, gives this analysis of a piece which in his time existed in original in the archives of the town hall of Reims, and which unfortunately is lost today. The passage forms part of the fragment of Rogier brought to light by M. Varin (see the fourth volume of the present work, p. 284 and following). It is found in the midst of a very confused enumeration of the despatches sent by Archbishop Regnault de Chartres, chancellor of Charles VII, to the people of his metropolitan town.

He gives advice of the capture of Joan the Maid before Compiègne, and how she would not believe counsel; but did all at her pleasure. That there had come to the king a young shepherd, keeper of ewes from the mountains of Gévaudan in the bishopric of Mende, who said neither more nor less than Joan the Maid had done; and that he had commandment from God to go with the king’s people; and that without fail the English and Burgundians would be discomfited. And upon being told that the English had put Joan the Maid to death (1), he answered that so much the worse would it befall them; and that God had suffered Joan the Maid to be taken because she had constituted herself in pride and for the rich garments she had taken; and that she had not done what God had commanded her, but had done her own will.

(1) From these words some may believe that Rogier has fused together two letters, one on the capture of Joan, the other posterior to her execution. That seems to me improbable, having regard to Rogier’s manner of proceeding in the rest of his inventory. The mention of the Maid’s death may very well be explained as a false rumour reported to the Shepherd, whether in good faith or to test him.

XXXII. Particulars Concerning the Shepherd by Whom It Was Wished to Replace the Maid #

I place these fragments here for the completer understanding of the preceding document. They are all extracts from chroniclers, concerning an encounter of French and English which took place between Beauvais and Gournay at the beginning of August 1431.

The author of the Journal de Paris.

Item, that year the feast of Saint Dominic fell on a Sunday; and that day the regent returned to Paris, who had been spied upon by the Armagnacs when he meant to pass Mantes, and they thought to take him; but, being well advised, he repassed the river and came day and night until he was at Paris. The news of this ran to those of the host who were before Louviers; so they left two or three captains at the siege with all their people, who thought that the regent was taken. When they knew that he was not, they hardened themselves and went as far as before Beauvais and ambushed themselves. So it was told to those of the city; so they made haste to issue out who best could. The regent’s people knew their manner by their spies: so a party issued out who put themselves between the town and the Armagnacs, and the others came before and assailed them most sharply, and they defended themselves very well; but when they saw the others coming behind, they thought there were more of them than there were; so they discomfited themselves; and the biggest captains were taken or slain. And among the others there was a wretch named Guillaume le Berger [the Shepherd] who made the people idolise him, and rode sideways, and showed from time to time his hands and feet and his side; and they were stained with blood, like Saint Francis’s. And a captain named Poton de Saintrailles of very great renown was taken, and others enough, and they were led to Rouen.

— Item, on Saint Andrew’s day, last day of November, came to lie Henry, aged nine years or thereabouts, in the abbey of Saint-Denis in France, on a Friday; who styled himself king of France and of England.

Item, the Sunday following, first day of the Advents, the said king came to Paris by the gate of Saint-Denis, etc.

Item, before him were the nine worthies and the nine worthy ladies, and after, a multitude of knights and squires; and among the others was William, who called himself the Shepherd, who had shown his wounds like Saint Francis, of whom mention is made above; but he could not have joy, for he was strongly bound with good cords like a thief.

Jean Lefèvre de Saint-Remy.

Of the battle of the Shepherd where the French were discomfited by the English (ch. 472).

You have well heard tell how some of light and fickle credence took it into themselves to believe that the deeds of the Maid were miraculous things and permitted by God, and many were strongly inclined to believe it. Now nevertheless, upon the death of Joan the Maid, likewise some of foolish credence set up a foolish shepherd, who, as the Maid Joan had said, said that he had divine revelation that he should put himself forward in arms, to aid this noble king of France: which folly was experienced to the charge, loss and dishonour of the realm. And it befell that several notable lords and captains, trusting in that shepherd, put themselves into the fields; and when the English knew it, they made a great assembly to resist against them. On the part of the French were the Marshal de Boussac, Poton de Saintrailles, La Hire, and several other captains; in their company, as chief, that wretched shepherd. On the part of the English were the Earl of Arundel, the lord of Talbot and several others. Which French and English assembled in battle and fought most valiantly both the one and the other. Nevertheless fortune turned upon the French; and there many were slain and taken. The valiant Poton de Saintrailles, who afterwards was marshal of France, was taken there; and there was taken the poor Shepherd on whom was the hope of the French. The Marshal Boussac, La Hire and others withdrew to Beauvais; and the English with great honour, triumph and glory returned to Rouen with all their spoils and conquests; and there the Shepherd was led. What became of him afterwards I know not, but I heard say that he had been cast into the river Seine and drowned. That battle was called of the Shepherd: which battle is written more at length in the books of those who have chronicled (1). And so I pass on, and it sufficed me to make mention thereof.

(1) He speaks there of chroniclers whose works are not known.

Monstrelet.

In the abovesaid year, the Marshal de Boussac, Poton de Saintrailles, Messire Louis de Wancourt and certain other captains holding the party of King Charles, accompanied by eight hundred fighting men or thereabouts, departed from the town of Beauvais to go seek their adventure and foray the country around Gournay in Normandy; with whom was one whom the French named Pastourel [Little Shepherd], and they wished to exalt him in renown as and in such manner as Joan the Maid had been before. So their enterprise was known and reported to the Earl of Warwick, etc., etc.

Berry.

At this time were the lord of Sainte-Sévère and of Boussac, marshal of France, Poton de Saintrailles and several other captains in the town of Beauvais, where was Messire Regnault de Chartres, archbishop of Reims and chancellor of France; who had assembled with several men-at-arms to go to Rouen, and had deliberated to go there with a little shepherd child who said he had been sent to introduce them there, and resolved to depart the morrow. So the English knew it, etc.

Jean Chartier.

Finally the French were discomfited: whereof many were slain and taken by the said Earl of Arundel. Namely there were slain many men of the said town of Beauvais who were on foot; and the said Poton de Saintrailles was taken and a little varlet who was called Shepherd, who said that he came from God; and he was held for a fool.

Martial d’Auvergne.

And there was also taken in the said place
A young child, a shepherd all simple,
Saying himself sent by God,
For the love of the late Maid
Who had been seen thus to conquer:
Each one wished to do like her
And meddle in the war.

XXXIII. Extract from a Memorandum to Be Consulted on Guillaume de Flavy #

An unpublished piece of which the original is in the Cabinet des Titres of the Bibliothèque Royale (Flavy dossier). This memorandum, which may date from the time of Henri II, is a summary of the pleadings pronounced for Guillaume de Flavy or for his memory, in the interminable succession of criminal trials of which the parliament remained seised on his occasion until beyond the fifteenth century. The documents alleged by the author of the memorandum are: an abolition, dated 4 November 1437, granted to Guillaume de Flavy; the remission of his assassination delivered in the month of July 1449 to his wife Blanche d’Overbruche, but ratified only by decree of the parliament of 5 June 1500; another decree of 9 September 1509 which terminated, at the costs of Jeanne de Flavy, grand-niece of the late Guillaume, the suit begun as early as 1440 for the sequestration of the Marshal de Rochefort. Researches in the judicial section of the Archives of the Realm have not enabled me to find any of these acts. For want of them, I esteem myself fortunate to be able to produce something of the factum which sums them up, because it contains on the situation of Compiègne at the moment of the siege details altogether unknown.

On 18 August 1429, those of Compiègne going to present to King Charles VII, making his entry there after his coronation, Messire Guillaume de Flavi, whom they had elected captain of the said town as the most experienced and faithful who was in the country — in order, according to their privilege, to have him confirmed and admitted — Messire Georges de la Trémoille, grand master of France, who had represented one of the twelve peers at the said coronation, having the favour of His Majesty and the principal authority near his person and council, obtained the said captaincy and brought it about that the said de Flavi contented himself with the lieutenancy; and in that quality he was left in the said town, where nevertheless the inhabitants always held him for captain.

The king soon after his departure having sent mandate both to the said de Flavi and to the échevins (1) and inhabitants, to receive into the town the people and commissioners of the Duke of Burgundy, to whom, by treaty made at the said Compiègne on the 28th of the said month of August with the deputies of the said duke, a truce had been granted until Christmas day, afterwards prorogued by three months, during which the said town of Compiègne should be put into the hands of the said duke or of those commissioned by him therefor: the said de Flavi on his part offered to satisfy it, and for the hindrances and refusals made by the inhabitants, departed from the town; into which Messire Regnault de Chartres, archbishop of Reims and chancellor of France, betook himself and other principal counsellors and ministers of the king, who had the principal inhabitants assembled in the town house and showed them that, seeing the necessity of the king’s affairs, who desired to gratify the Duke of Burgundy in order to withdraw him and make him depart from the alliance of the English, it was necessary to put the town into his hands during the truces, as he had desired and as had been granted to him. To which the inhabitants with one common voice made answer that they were most humble subjects of the king, desiring to obey him and serve him with body and goods; but to commit themselves to the said lord Duke of Burgundy, they could not for the great hatred that the said duke had conceived against them, because they had not been willing to do what he desired to the prejudice of the good and service of His Majesty, as they would set forth to His Majesty by their most humble supplication and remonstrance; insomuch that neither the said lord chancellor nor all the injunctions several times reiterated could make them depart from their remonstrances, resolved rather to lose themselves, their wives and children than to be exposed to the mercy of the said duke.

(1) This is the name borne by the échevins of Compiègne.

The latter, at the hearing of this refusal, Pont-Sainte-Maxence having been put into his hands because Compiègne would not obey, at the decline of the truce gave rendezvous to all his force and to the Earl of Montgomery and of Huntingdon in the environs of Compiègne, which he invested in the month of April 1429 (old style), and before taking the nearest lodgement, reduced by force or composition all the neighbouring places and castles to his obedience so as to receive no incommodity from them; among others Choisy, where Louis de Flavi commanded, Gournay held by Tristan de Maingnelers, Saintines. And as he designed to approach by trenches, the border waters of the rivers Oise, Aisne and Aronde then hindering him, several troops entered the town from the side of the forest of Cuise, among which was the Maid. They made an enterprise to raise the lodgement of Messire Baudo de Noyelle, marshal of the army, who had his quarters at the village of Margny, the nearest to the town. They sallied out to that end on Wednesday 24 May (1), at five in the evening, five or six hundred men partly on foot and partly on horseback, and found there great resistance, because all the chiefs and captains were assembled there to resolve what was to be done at the approaches. The resistance of these gave leisure to all the troops lodged at Venette, Clairoix and Bienville, even to the Duke of Burgundy lodged at Coudun, to succour their captains engaged in the combat with such ardour and pursuit that, on the retreat, they found themselves pell-mell as far as the barriers; the Maid and the captains being in the rear of their troops to stay the violence of the enemies. Who seeing themselves comforted by all the army that came pouring down on those who had sallied, entered the barriers, unable to be stayed by the archers, crossbowmen and culverin-men whom Flavi had disposed to defend them and favour the retreat. And had it not been for the little covered boats, furnished with archers and crossbowmen, ranged along the bank of the river, where the greater part of the men on foot were gathered in, the enemies would have occupied the barriers and put the town in danger; in which there were none but inhabitants who with their captain stayed the fury of the enemies, the disorder and confusion having fallen upon the cavalry chiefs, who were so hotly received and pressed that the Maid, Poton the Burgundian and five or six others of the most valiant were constrained to give their faith and remain prisoners. The Maid, dragged down from her horse by her long garments, gave her faith to the Bastard of Wandomme, who was of the company and suite of Messire Jean de Luxembourg, to whose lodgings she was led after having spoken to the Duke of Burgundy.

(1) The date of Tuesday the 23rd is established in an incontestable manner by the piece above, p. 166, and by the register of the Parliament of Paris given in vol. IV, p. 458.

This greatly disfavoured the defence of the town, ill furnished with men, victuals and munitions of war, those who had entered it with the Maid having withdrawn to their garrisons from the morrow; and there remained only Barette, lieutenant of the said Maid, and thirty-two men-at-arms of his company.

The approaches were made by trenches from the morrow; the town beaten and mined in several places; the bridge and the mills broken, without for that giving up to the enemies an inch of ground: the inhabitants having been constrained to make a bridge of ropes covered with cloths, to pass over the river Oise and defend the boulevard which was at the bridge end; where they were three months entrenched and at hand-grips with the enemies.

XXXIV. Assessment of a Tenth of the Tax Voted by the Estates of Normandy for the Purchase of the Maid and the Continuation of the War #

September 1430.

This piece is printed in M. Lottin’s Recherches historiques sur Orléans (first part, vol. I, p. 256), after a copy preserved in the Orléans library. The original formed part, before the revolution, of the cabinet of charters of the priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs. The Orléans copy was made in 1775 by Barthélemy Mercier, former librarian of Sainte-Geneviève, abbot of Saint-Léger de Soissons and prior of Saint-Pierre de Montluçon. The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres possessed another copy, on which M. de l’Averdy had made a dissertation of which he speaks in his Mémoire sur Jeanne d’Arc; but this work has not seen the light, and the copy in question is not found again in the library of the Institut.

The assessment made by us Édouard Apparvel, squire, élu of Argentan, Exmes, Domfront and Saint-Silvin, in the year 1430, on the 20th day of September, in the presence of and with Gilles Brochart, lieutenant-general of the bailiff of Alençon, Macé Delahaye, lieutenant-general of the viscount of Argentan and Exmes, Guillaume Millet and Jean de Pierres, procurator and advocate of the king our sire, the serjeants and other notable persons, called thereto, of the sum of eight thousand six hundred and thirty livres tournois upon the commons and inhabitants of the towns and parishes of the said viscounty of Argentan and of Exmes; the said assessment made by virtue of the letters of which the tenor follows:

Thomas Blount, knight, treasurer and general governor of the finances of the king our sire in Normandy, and Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of the said finances, commissioners of the king our said lord in this part, to the élus for the matter of the aids at Argentan and Exmes, and to the viscount of the said place, or to their lieutenants, greeting.

Received by us the letters of the king our said lord, given at Rouen the second day of this present month of September, by which we are commanded and commissioned to assess, cause to be gathered and levied, and to receive within the last day of the same month the sum of eighty thousand livres for the first payment of the aid of six hundred thousand livres tournois granted to the king our said lord by the people of the three estates of the duchy of Normandy and country of conquest made by the late of good memory his late lord and father, on whose soul God have mercy, in the assembly made at Rouen in the month of August last past; to turn and convert, to wit ten thousand livres tournois, to the payment of the purchase of Joan the Maid who is said to be a sorceress, a person of war, conducting the hosts of the Dauphin; ten thousand livres tournois to the business of the siege of Louviers or Bons-Moulins, if without siege Louviers can be delivered, and the remainder to the payment of the wages of the captains and soldiers of the said duchy of Normandy and country of conquest, for the quarter year ended at Saint John’s day, and of this present quarter ending at Michaelmas next coming; and besides the said sum of eighty thousand livres tournois, we are commanded to assess upon the said burgesses, tenants and inhabitants the sum of ten thousand livres tournois, to turn and convert to the payment of a greater number of men than the hundred lances which had been advised for the said siege, and understood of the second month of the same:

We, having thereupon the advice and deliberation of several counsellors and officers of the king our said lord, have ordained and ordain by these presents that there be assessed, gathered and levied upon the inhabitants of the said towns and viscounties of Argentan and Exmes, for their share and portion of the said sums, the sum of three thousand two hundred and sixty-one livres, by assessments made by you upon each of the towns and parishes of the said viscounty; not comprising therein the churchmen, nobles living nobly, frequenting the wars or who by impotence of body are excused, and miserable persons, whom the king our said lord exempts therefrom by his said letters.

So we command you, and by power to us given, commission that forthwith and without delay, having called with you the counsellor and procurator of the king at the said places of Argentan and Exmes, the serjeants of the said viscounty and other notable persons in sufficient number, you make good and loyal assessment of the said sum of three hundred and sixty-five livres tournois by serjeantry, upon each of the towns and parishes of the said viscounty, according to the power of the inhabitants thereof, as best and most loyally and equally as may be done; and that assessment made, give or cause to be given to the inhabitants of the said towns and parishes, severally, under your manual signs, for their portion to be assessed upon them, and to gather, levy and bring it before you, by Jean Duval, viscount of the said place of Argentan, whom we have commissioned and by these presents commission to receive the same sums hastily, so that within the said last day of this present month of September they may be paid, delivered and brought frankly, entirely and without any diminution before us, Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of Normandy abovesaid, to be converted and employed in the things aforesaid. Of all which things, their circumstances and dependencies to do and accomplish, we give power to you, to the said viscount and to each of you, as it shall pertain to him; commanding all the officers and subjects of the said lord that they obey and attend diligently you and your commissioners and deputies acting therein.

Given at Rouen, the third day of September in the year 1430.

Thus signed, V. FAIRE.

Item follows the tenor of certain closed letters sent by Messire Thomas Blount, knight, treasurer, and Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of Normandy.

Dear and good friends,

It has presently been ordained and commanded us by the king our sire and by his letters patent given this day, to assess and cause to be gathered and levied in the duchy of Normandy and country of conquest the sum of ten thousand livres tournois over and above the impost which has lately been sent you, to convert to the payment of a certain number of men-at-arms and of shot of increase, advised to be necessary for the siege which is presently being laid before Louviers. So we command and strictly enjoin you, by virtue of the power given and committed to us by the said lord, that forthwith and without delay you assess, gather and levy upon the inhabitants of your viscounty, together with the abovesaid impost, over and above the same and all by one assessment, the sum of three hundred and sixty-one livres tournois, for your part and portion of the said sum of two thousand livres tournois. And that assessment made, do you, viscount, gather and receive it, so and so diligently that within the last day of this present month it be by you brought or sent to us in the town of Caen, on pain of incurring the indignation of the king and privation of your office. So take heed that there be no fault herein; and certify us by this messenger of the reception of these letters. Our Lord be your guard.

Written at Rouen, the 14th day of September, in the year 1430.

And in the margin is written: Thomas Blount, knight, treasurer, and Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of Normandy; and signed, V. FAIRE.

And besides this there is assessed the sum of ten livres of the said assessment, ten sous tournois for the costs and expenses, given to the honourable and wise Jean Duval, viscount of the said viscounty, to make receipt thereof under our signet and manual sign of Jean de Dompierre, clerk of the said élection.

The shares by serjeantries follow:

THE VISCOUNTY OF ARGENTAN.

The serjeantry of Argentan. — St.-Germain and St.-Martin d’Argentan, lx livres; Marneville; Collandon, xxi s.; Poitronville, lx s.

The serjeantry of Almenêches. — Bouray; Saint-Christophe; Juvigny.

The serjeantry of Auge. — Carel; L’Escos, v s.; Launay; Aize; Ailléry; La Noe; Quarresselles, xx; Lisorres, xxv; La Beusière, xv; Mesnil-Durant, xix; Saint-Cloce (?), Notre-Dame, v x; Notre-Dame de Viette, xv; Saint-Michel de Livet, xii; Roiville; Les Écolles (Argentan and Exmes), lx; Mesnil-Bacquelley, vi.

The serjeantry of Escouchié. — Escouchié; Tré, xxxv; Joué du Plain, xxy; Vieux-Pont; Avignon, x; Goult; Sevrey; Sainte-Croix sur (?); Putanges; Lande de Goult; Bonu (?), xxv; Carrouges; Lonlaye, xxx; Sainte-Marie-la-Robert, lxxv; Notre-Dame du Chasteler and Le Hôte, xv; Mesnil-Seelleur; Saint-Gervais de Messie, lii; Saint-Andrieux de Messie, xxx; Saveau (?), x.

The serjeantry of Gieffroy-Lebreton. — Fresnay-le-Buffard; Rouctemy (?), lxxv; Chancellières, taxed in Exmes; Vaulx-le-Baudril (Argentan and Exmes), xviii; Merry, xxxx; Ne (?) and St.-Nicolas de Viggats; Perteville, lx; St.-Barthélemy des Houeacues, x; Brieux; Criu (Argentan and Exmes); Montabar, taxed in Exmes; Beaumais, taxed in Exmes; Hablouville, taxed in Exmes; Lacourbe (Argentan and Exmes), c; Englescheville, nil; Fourcheu, x; St.-Lambert (Argentan and Exmes), x; Pont-Escreppin (Argentan and Exmes), lx; Sepriey (?) Fontaume, xx; La Lande-Saint-Syméon, xxii; Mesnilage and Courtilles, taxed in Exmes; —, xxv; Ru (Argentan and Exmes), xxx; Pierre-Ficte (Argentan and Exmes); Saige; Goullet (Argentan and Exmes), xxxi; Montgueroul (Argentan and Exmes), xiii; Cuvée, x; Moulins (Argentan and Exmes), xxii; Centilly, vii; Urou, xvii; Ners, nil; Fontenoy, taxed in Exmes; La Gouppillière, vi.

The serjeantry of Trun. — Trun, taxed in Exmes; Saint-Pierre de la Rivière, xi x s.; Avernes (Argentan and Exmes), xvi; Néauffle, vi; Lignères (Argentan and Exmes), vi x; Tournay (Argentan and Exmes), xlii; Fontaines-les-Bassez, taxed in Exmes; Les Moussiers (Argentan and Exmes), xv; Bailleul, xxxii; Champpeaux (Argentan and Exmes), xii; Mesnil-Geuffroy, xii; Crouptes, iv x; Montgommery (Argentan and Exmes), xxxiv; Pont-de-Vie, c; Camenbert, xxiii; La Chapelle-Hastegon (Argentan and Exmes), vi; Mesnil-Ybert, iv; Regnouard (Argentan and Exmes), xxxiii; Bonmesnil, nil; Champposoul, taxed in Exmes; Aubert-en-Exmois, x x; Fresnoy-le-Sançon, xxvii; Tertu, taxed in Exmes; Sainte-Ruger; St.-Gervais des Sablons; Le Marescq (Argentan and Exmes); Saint-Légier des Araceys, nil; Sourmes, taxed in Exmes; Louvières, taxed in Exmes.

THE VISCOUNTY OF EXMES.

The serjeantry of Exmes. — Exmes, lx; Chaigny; Court-Mesnil; Argentelle; St.-Arnoul; Villebadin; —; Mesnil-Hubert; Anneperus (?); Champauber and Courgeron; Avernes, taxed in Argentan; Gysnay; Sourmes (Argentan and Exmes); Saint-Pierre de la Rivière; Champposoul (Argentan and Exmes); Champpeaulx, taxed in Argentan; Néauffles; Chambon; Saint-Anataize (?); Le Pin; Ville-Adam; Belestele (?); Lacochière; Chauffour. [The register’s column of figures for this block gives, without certain alignment: x, v, lx, cv, vi, xvii, xviii, viii, vii, xxviii, xxiii, iv.]

St.-Lambert, taxed in Argentan; Le Bourg-St.-Losnard; St.-Denys; Hommeel; Avernelles; Nonnant; Mermouilliers; La Roche-de-Nonnant; Mont-Marion; St.-Germain de Clerefeuille; Godisson; La Bresice (?) Havel; Mesnil-Frogier; Montopmet (?); Saint-Légier des Aracys; Grebert; Les Astelles, nil; Lamessoure (?).

Serjeantry of Mesnil. — Sancloux, c; Fontenay (Argentan and Exmes); Tanques; Breveraulx; Goullet, taxed in Exmes; Gaignyes; Moulins, taxed in Argentan; Vaulx-le- (?), taxed in Argentan; Ru, taxed in Argentan; Poumanville; Savigny; Silly; Vieux-Brou; Pierre-Ficte, taxed in Argentan; Aunou. [Stray figures in the margin: », x, xiv, xxviii, xxviii, xxv, vi, xxx, lx, lx.]

Le Hammel de Chantellou, vii; Mesnilage (Argentan and Exmes), xxx s.; Sopus (?), x; Lacourbe, taxed in Argentan; Pont-Escrepin, taxed in Argentan; Commeaux; Montgommery, taxed in Argentan; Chancellières (Argentan and Exmes), viii.

The serjeantry of Auberton. — Marion; Marcey, xxii; Lestel; Del; Site, lx; Brancilieville; La Lande-Dermil (?), xx x; —; St.-Lohier; St.-Père de Vrigny; St.-Martin (Argentan and Exmes), xxx.

The serjeantry of Montagne. — Collonces, x; Lhommay, x; Tapoterie, lx; Guesprey, xvi; Fontaines-les- (Argentan and Exmes); Louvières (Argentan and Exmes), x x; Nomsterenl; Quatre-, x x; Le Fouqueran; Les Lignères, taxed in Argentan; Escorches and Vary.

Vimoutiers; Crouptes; Renouard, taxed in Argentan; Montgueroul, taxed in Argentan; Guernetot; St.-Gervais des Sablons (Argentan and Exmes); La Gipalleste, taxed in —; —, x; Le Mareseq, taxed in Argentan.

The serjeantry aux Truns. — Occaignes; Niontahari (?); Tournay, taxed in —; Tertu (Argentan and Exmes); Fougle; Grentes-Mesnils; —; Abbeville; Barou; Les Moustiers, taxed in Argentan; Sentilly; Mannoier; Beaumais (Argentan and Exmes); Morteaux; Englescheville (Argentan and Exmes); Mesnil-Glaize, nil; Crosy; Olendon, nil.

The serjeantry of Montpinçon. — Revillon; Vaudeloges; Douvai. [Stray figures: xxxiv, xxiv, vii, xiv, xxviii, xviii, », xii, xvii.] Jontiee, v; Hontepres-Jontyee, xxx; Notre-Dame de Fresney, x; Huertevent, x; Mont-Pinçon, x; Lagravelles, lx; Sainte-Busve, x x.

The serjeantry of Habloville. — Criu, taxed in Argentan; Giel, lx; Habloville (Argentan and Exmes), vii x.

The serjeantry of Mellerault. — Le Mellerault, xlv; St.-Losnard, x; Les Ostielx near the Merlerault, ix; —, xl; Sainte-Colombe, xvi; —, xvi; Carveles, xii; Dapenevra; St.-Germain-le-Vieil, nil, forasmuch as nobody dwells there.

Thus signed, DOMPIERRE, with flourish.

XXXV. Purchase of Gold Coin to Pay the Price of the Maid #

October 1430.

Order of the lord treasurer of Normandy to make the said purchase, and restitution to the king’s particular cashier, purveyor of the specie demanded. These two pieces were printed in the same work as the preceding (p. 265); they have the same provenance.

I. — Thomas Blount, knight, treasurer and general governor of the finances of the king our sire in the country and duchy of Normandy, [to] Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of the said finances: accomplish the contents of the letters of the king our sire to which these presents are attached under our signet (1), by causing to be bought, of the moneys of your receipt, at the expense of the king our said lord, the sum of two thousand six hundred and thirty-six gold nobles of two sous one denier sterling, money of England; and by paying, giving and delivering the said sum to Jean Bruyse, squire, keeper of the coffers of the king our said lord, all as, for the causes and in the form and manner that the king our said lord wills and commands by his said letters, and as is contained in them. Given at Rouen, the 24th day of October, in the year 1430.

Thus signed, LUITIER, with flourish.

(1) These letters have not been preserved.

II. — Know all that I, Jean Bruyse, squire, keeper of the coffers of the king our sire, confess to have had and received from Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of Normandy, the sum of five thousand two hundred and forty-nine livres nineteen sous ten deniers obole tournois, for the repayment and restitution of two thousand six hundred and thirty-six gold nobles of two sous five deniers sterling, money of England, which, by letters of the king our said lord, given at Rouen the 20th day of October last past, expedited by my lord the treasurer of Normandy, were ordained to be paid and restored to me by the said receiver; forasmuch as, by ordinance of the king our said lord, I had given them of the moneys of his said coffers and treasure, to employ in certain of his affairs touching the ten thousand livres tournois paid by the said lord to have Joan who calls herself the Maid, prisoner of war; which have been valued at the sum of five thousand two hundred and forty-nine livres nineteen sous ten deniers obole tournois. Of which sum of five thousand two hundred and forty-nine livres nineteen sous ten deniers obole tournois paid me in cash — to wit, in two hundred gold nobles, and the remainder in money — I am content and well paid, and thereof quit by these presents the king our said lord, the said receiver and all others. And in witness hereof, I have signed this present receipt with my manual sign and sealed it with my signet, the 6th day of December, in the year 1430.

Thus signed, JEAN BRUYSE, with flourish.

XXXVI. Edict Against the English Subjects Who Deserted for Fear of the Maid #

12 December 1430.

Printed in Rymer’s Pacta, Foedera, etc. (vol. X, p. 472), under the title: De fugitivis ab exercitu, quos terriculamenta Puellae exanimaverant, arestandis [Of arresting the fugitives from the army whom the terrors of the Maid had driven out of their wits].

Henry, by the grace of God king of England and of France, and lord of Ireland, to the sheriff of Kent, greeting. Whereas it has been given us to understand that very many of our lieges and subjects, who were lately retained to remain with us in our retinue in the parts of our realm of France, there in our service, at our wages, as well for the safe keeping of our person as of the same parts, until a certain time not yet elapsed, and even set forth, have fraudulently, craftily and iniquitously diverted themselves and withdrawn from the same parts into our said realm of England, within the time aforesaid, without our special licence had in that behalf, and do not cease daily so to do — our person and our realm of France abovesaid, so far as in them lies, exposing to perils and leaving wholly undefended: we, willing to obviate the infidelities and malices of our said lieges and subjects, and to provide for the security of us and of our said realm of France in this behalf, command you as strictly as we can, firmly enjoining that all such our lieges and subjects, who from the parts aforesaid into our said realm of England, without our special licence as aforesaid, have diverted themselves, wheresoever in your bailiwick, within liberties and without, they can be found, you arrest and take; and them, when so arrested, you bring, or cause to be brought without delay, before our Council of England, there to answer upon the premises. And this, as you love and affect the security of our person, and, under our grave indignation, in no wise omit. Witness Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, keeper of England, at Wyx, the 12th day of December, in the ninth year of our reign.

Like writs are directed to the sheriffs underwritten, under the same date; to wit: the sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk. — The sheriffs of London. — The sheriffs of Surrey and Sussex. — The sheriff of Southampton. — The constable of the king’s castle of Dover and the Keeper of the king’s Cinque Ports, and his lieutenant there.

XXXVII. Indemnity to Pierre Cauchon for the Negotiations Which Preceded the Purchase of the Maid #

31 January 1431.

A receipt published here for the first time, after the original schedule on parchment preserved in the Bibliothèque Royale, Gaignières collection, Titres scellés des évêchés, vol. IV.

We Pierre, bishop and count of Beauvais, peer of France, vidame of Gerberoy, counsellor of the king our sire, confess to have had and received from Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of Normandy, the sum of seven hundred and sixty-five livres tournois which was due to us for seven score and thirteen days which we affirm to have spent in the service of the king our said lord and for his affairs, both in the town of Calais and in several journeys, going to my lord the Duke of Burgundy and to Messire Jean de Luxembourg, Count of Guise, in Flanders, to the siege before Compiègne, at Beaurevoir, for the business of Joan who is called the Maid, as for several other businesses and affairs of the king our said lord, and also in the town of Rouen, by ordinance and commandment of the king our said lord and of his great council; the said 153 days beginning the first day of May 1430 and ending the last day of September following last past, inclusive, at the price of a hundred sous tournois per day ordained to us to take and have upon the said receipt, for the half of ten livres tournois per day ordained and assessed to us by the king our said lord for each day that we have spent and shall spend for his affairs in the journey wherein we presently are and until our return to the town of Paris; as by letters of assessment of the king our said lord, given the 14th day of the said month of May, expedited by the treasurer and general governor of the finances of Normandy, appears. Of which sum of 765 livres tournois we hold ourselves content and well paid, and thereof acquit the king our said lord, the said receiver-general and all others. In witness whereof we have set to these presents our signet and manual sign, the last day of January, in the year 1430.

Signed, P. BISHOP OF BEAUVAIS.

XXXVIII. Tower Baptised with the Name of the Maid at Poitiers #

3 March 1431.

Piece communicated by M. Redet, archivist of the département of the Vienne. The original, written on parchment, exists in the archives of that département under the number J, 939.

Know all that of right in the court of the seal for contracts at Poitiers, established for the king our sire, personally established himself Geoffroi Jambin, mason dwelling at Poitiers, who has known and confessed to have had and received from Pierre Gautier, procurator and receiver of MM. the mayor, échevins and burgesses of the town of Poitiers, the sum of three hundred and sixty-nine livres twelve sous of and upon the sum of five hundred and forty livres which he is to have from the said town, by bargain made with it, by reason of his farm or taskwork of the tower of Tranchepié, called the Tour de la Pucelle. Of which sum of 369 l. 12 s. the said Jambin has held and holds himself well content and paid, and thereof has acquitted and acquits the said town, the said receiver and all others by these presents sealed at his request with the counter-seal of the seal abovesaid. Given and done the third day of the month of March, in the year one thousand four hundred and thirty.

Signed, RICHARD, at the request of the said Jambin. PAQUET, at the request of the said Jambin.

XXXIX. Payment Made to the Paris Doctors for Attending the Trial #

4 March 1431.

Collective mandate and receipt, printed in M. Lottin’s Recherches historiques sur Orléans (first part, vol. I, p. 255), after a copy in the Orléans library made by the Genovefan Barthélemy Mercier. The originals were at Saint-Martin-des-Champs, like those of pieces nos. XXXIV and XXXV.

I. — Thomas Blount, knight, treasurer and general governor of the finances of the king our sire in the country and duchy of Normandy, [to] Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of the said finances: having seen by you the letters of the king our said lord to which these presents are attached under our signet, we command you that, of the moneys of your receipt, you pay, give and deliver to masters Jean Beaupère, Jacques de Touraine, Nicole Midi, Pierre Morice, Girard Feuillet, doctors, and to Thomas de Courcelles, bachelor formed in theology, and to each of them, the sum of twenty sous tournois for each day that they shall affirm to have spent in the matter declared in the said royal letters, all as, for the causes and in the form and manner that the king our said lord wills and commands by his said letters and as is contained in them. Given at Rouen, the first day of March, 1430.

Thus signed, LUITIER, with flourish.

II. — The venerable and discreet persons, masters Jean Beaupère, Jacques de Touraine, Nicole Midi, Pierre Morice, Girard Feuillet, doctors, and Thomas de Courcelles, bachelor formed in theology, confess to have had and received from the honourable and wise Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of the finances of the king our sire in Normandy, the sum of six score livres tournois, in deduction and abatement of what may and shall be due to them by reason of a certain assessment made to them by the king our said lord; to wit, of twenty sous tournois for each of the said masters and the bachelor, for each day that they shall affirm they spend or have spent at the ecclesiastical trial begun against that woman who calls herself Joan the Maid, reckoning from the 16th day of February last past, inclusive, until their return to Paris. Of which sum of six score livres tournois the said masters and bachelor hold themselves well paid and content, and thereof acquit the king our said lord, the said receiver and all others. Witness the manual sign of me, Jean Thiessart, notary of the king, here set the 4th day of March, 1430.

Thus signed, THIESSART, with flourish.

XL. Gratification Granted to Jean Beaupère Over and Above His Days of Attendance at the Trial #

2 April 1430 [recte 1431].

Ordinance of the king of England, published here for the first time after a modern copy of the Fontanieu portfolio, no. 136, in the Bibliothèque Royale.

Henry, by the grace of God king of France and of England, to our beloved and trusty knight Thomas Blount, treasurer and general governor of all our finances of Normandy, greeting and love. Whereas some time since our most dear and most beloved daughter the University of Paris had ordained several doctors and masters to go to the holy General Council which was said shortly to be held at Basel, and among the other doctors and masters had to that end our well-beloved master Jean Beaupère, doctor in the faculty of theology, to go to the said holy Council; and for this cause the said master Beaupère had furnished and mounted himself with three horses, as he says; and it so is that, to make and ordain the trial of Joan who calls herself the Maid, we have had and have to do with several doctors and masters who are at present in this our town of Rouen, and whom we have caused to come into this said town, and namely the said master Jean Beaupère, whom we have retained to labour and attend to make the said trial with the others; and for this cause we have assessed and ordained to each of them twenty sous tournois per day to aid in supporting the costs and expenses which they must make during the time of the said trial: know that we, considering the great costs, outlays and expenses which he has had and has to make, the said master Jean Beaupère, by reason of his said horses and otherwise, to the said master Jean Beaupère have assessed and do assess by these presents the sum of thirty livres tournois, for one time, to aid him in supporting the said costs, outlays and expenses which he has had to make during the time that he has sojourned in this said town until now, over and above the sum of twenty sous tournois per day of which mention is made above. So we command and expressly enjoin you that by our beloved Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of our said finances of Normandy, you cause to be paid and given, of the moneys of his receipt, to the said master Jean Beaupère or to his certain command, the said sum of thirty livres tournois over and above the said twenty sous tournois per day; and upon rendering these presents and sufficient receipt thereof only, we will that the said sum of thirty livres tournois be allowed in the accounts of the said Pierre Surreau and abated from his receipt by our beloved and trusty keepers of our accounts and treasurers at Paris; to whom we command by these same presents that they so do without any contradiction or difficulty; for so we will and it pleases us to be done. Given in our town of Rouen, under our ordinary seal ordained in the absence of the great seal, the 2nd day of April, in the year of grace 1431 and the ninth of our reign, after Easter.

By the king, at the relation of the Great Council being with him.

Signed, CALLOT, with flourish (1).

(1) The Fontanieu copy adds: To the said letters are attached the mandate of Thomas Blount of the 13th of the same month and the receipt of Jean Beaupère.

XLI. Second Payment to the Paris Doctors #

9 April.

Receipt printed in M. Lottin’s Recherches sur la ville d’Orléans (first part, vol. I, p. 269), after a copy by Barthélemy Mercier. The original was formerly at Saint-Martin-des-Champs, like that of piece no. XXXIX.

The venerable and discreet persons, masters Jean Beaupère, Jacques de Touraine, Nicole Midi, Pierre Morice, Girard Feuillet, doctors, and Thomas de Courcelles, bachelor formed in theology, confess to have had and received from the honourable and wise Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of the finances of the king our sire in Normandy, the sum of six score livres tournois, over and above two hundred and forty livres tournois which they have received for twenty days, in deduction and abatement of what may and shall be due to them by reason of a certain assessment of twenty sous tournois made to them by the king our sire for each of them, for each day that they shall affirm to have spent at the ecclesiastical trial begun against that woman who calls herself Joan the Maid, reckoning from the 16th day of February last past, inclusive, until their return to Paris; at which trial they have affirmed to have attended continually, from the said 16th day of February until this day, and still attend from day to day. Of which sum of six score livres tournois the said masters and bachelor hold themselves well paid and content, and thereof acquit the king our said lord, the said receiver and all others. Witness the manual sign of me, Jean Thiessart, notary of the king. The 9th day of April, in the year 1431, after Easter.

Thus signed, THIESSART, with flourish.

XLII. Deliberations of the Chapter of Rouen on the Trial of the Maid #

13 and 24 April 1431.

These pieces, extracted from a capitular register today preserved in the departmental archives of Seine-Inférieure, were printed in a note with the trial of condemnation. (See vol. I, p. 354.)

XLIII. Gratification to the Inquisitor Jean Lemaître #

14 April 1431.

Ordinance published in M. Lottin’s Recherches historiques sur la ville d’Orléans (l. c., p. 269), after a copy of the same provenance as those indicated above, pp. 178, 196 and 200. I shall dispense with reproducing the mandate of Thomas Blount addressed to Pierre Surreau, dated 27 April. That piece, which repeats in abridged form the terms of the present one, is also printed in M. Lottin’s work, p. 272.

Henry, by the grace of God king of France and of England, to our beloved and trusty Thomas Blount, knight, treasurer and general governor of all our finances of our country and duchy of Normandy, greeting and love. We will and command you that, by advice of the men of our Great Council being at present with us, by our beloved Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of our said finances and of the moneys of his receipt, you cause to be paid, given and delivered to our dear and well-beloved master Jean Lemaître, prior of the convent of the Friars Preachers of Rouen and vicar in that place of the Inquisitor of the faith, the sum of twenty salus d’or; which we, by the advice aforesaid, have ordained and assessed to him, and do ordain and assess by these presents, to have and hold of us for one time, of the moneys of our said finances: for his pains, labours and diligences in having been and assisted at the trial which has been made of Joan who calls herself the Maid, accused in the matter of the faith, with the reverend father in God our beloved and trusty counsellor the Bishop of Beauvais, her ordinary judge; and upon rendering, with these presents, sufficient receipt thereof from the said vicar of the Inquisitor, we will that the said sum of twenty salus be allowed in the accounts and abated from the receipt of our said receiver-general, by our beloved and trusty keepers of our accounts, to whom we command that they so do without contradiction or any difficulty. Given in our town of Rouen, under our seal ordained in the absence of the great seal, the 14th day of April after Easter, in the year of grace 1431 and the ninth of our reign.

On the fold: By the king, at the relation of the Great Council being with him. Signed, CALLOT, with flourish.

XLIV. Indemnity to the Doctors Sent to Paris to Submit the Trial to the Faculties #

21 April 1431.

Piece of the same provenance as the preceding, printed like it in the Recherches sur la ville d’Orléans, l. c., p. 270. The mandate of Thomas Blount to Pierre Surreau, not reproduced here, is dated the morrow, 22 April.

Henry, by the grace of God king of France and of England, to our beloved and trusty Thomas Blount, treasurer and general governor of all our finances in Normandy, greeting and love. We will and command you that, to our well-beloved masters Jean Beaupère, master Jacques de Touraine, friar minor, master Nicole Midi and master Girard Feuillet, doctors in theology, who presently go on our behalf to our good town of Paris, to our most dear and most beloved uncle the Duke of Bedford, the men of our Great Council being there and our most dear and most beloved daughter the University of Paris, to set forth, say and declare the trial and proceedings touching the matter of her who calls herself Joan the Maid, and all that has been done herein in these parts, so that thereupon the said men of the University send back their deliberation and conclusion, and that, if need be, the said doctors for this cause return to us at Rouen or elsewhere where we shall be: you, of the moneys of our said finances of Normandy, cause to be paid and delivered by our well-beloved Pierre Surreau, receiver-general thereof, the sum of one hundred livres tournois for one time: to wit, to each of them twenty-five livres tournois. Which sum of one hundred livres tournois, to aid the abovesaid four doctors in supporting the costs which they shall have to make, both in going to our said town of Paris and in returning thence to us, we have, by advice of the men of our Great Council being at Rouen with us, assessed and ordained, and do assess and ordain by these presents; and upon rendering, with these presents, sufficient receipts thereof from each of the said four doctors for his said part and portion only, we will that the said sum of one hundred livres tournois be allowed in the accounts of our said receiver-general and abated from his receipt by our beloved and trusty keepers of our accounts at Paris, to whom we command that they so do without contradiction. Given in our town of Rouen, under our seal ordained in the absence of the great seal, the 21st day of April, in the year of grace 1431, and the ninth of our reign, after Easter.

On the fold: By the king, at the relation of the Great Council being with him. The signature and the seal have fallen off.

XLV. Payment to Guillaume Erard for His Participation in the Trial #

6-8 June 1431.

Royal ordinance followed by a mandate of the treasurer at two days’ interval (the said mandate not given here), and receipt of the party concerned. These pieces, of the same provenance as the preceding, are likewise printed in the Recherches historiques sur la ville d’Orléans, l. c., pp. 275 and 276.

I. — Henry, by the grace of God king of France and of England, to our beloved and trusty counsellor Thomas Blount, knight, treasurer and general governor of our finances in Normandy, greeting and love. Know that we, considering the great diligences and labours which our dear and well-beloved master Guillaume Erard, doctor in theology, has taken for several days to labour and attend with other masters, doctors and clerks, both in theology and in canon law, at the ecclesiastical trial of that woman who called herself Joan the Maid, lately condemned as erring in our holy Catholic faith; wishing to recompense him somewhat for the charges, expenses and costs which he has had to make for the cause aforesaid, to him, by the advice and deliberation of the men of our Great Council being with us, have assessed and ordained, and do assess and ordain by these presents, the sum of twenty sous tournois for each day that he has attended, laboured and been occupied in the matter abovesaid. So we command, charge and expressly enjoin you that, by our well-beloved Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of our said finances of Normandy, you cause to be given and delivered to the said master Guillaume Erard the said sum of twenty sous tournois for each day that he shall affirm to have attended, laboured and been occupied in the said matter; and upon rendering these presents or a vidimus of them made under royal seal, with receipt of the said master Guillaume, affirmatory of the days that he shall have attended, laboured and been occupied in what is said, all that shall have been paid and given to the said master Guillaume Erard shall be allowed, accounted and abated from the receipt of the said Pierre Surreau by our beloved and trusty keepers of our accounts at Paris, to whom we command that they so do without contradiction and any difficulty. Given at Rouen, the 6th day of June, in the year of grace 1431, and of our reign the ninth.

On the fold: By the king, at the relation of his Great Council being with him. Signed, DE RIVEN, with flourish.

II. — I, Guillaume Erard, doctor in theology, confess to have had and received from Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of Normandy, the sum of thirty-one livres tournois which was due to me by reason of twenty sous tournois assessed to me by the king our sire, for each day that I have attended and been occupied with other lords, masters, doctors and clerks, both in theology and in canon law, in the business and trial of that woman who called herself Joan the Maid, lately condemned as erring in the Christian faith; with whom I affirm to have attended and been occupied in the business and trial aforesaid, in this town of Rouen, for thirty-one days beginning the 6th day of May last past and ending the 5th day of this present month of June, inclusive, and I still attend there, and have attended since then until this day; this payment being made to me by the said receiver, by virtue of the said letters of the king our said lord, given the 6th day of this present month, expedited by my lord the treasurer of Normandy. Of which sum of thirty-one livres tournois I am content and well paid, and thereof acquit by these presents the king our said lord, the said receiver-general and all others. Witness my manual sign here set, the 8th day of June, in the year 1431.

Thus signed, G. ERARD, with flourish.

XLVI. Definitive Settlement of Account with the Paris Doctors #

12 June.

Piece preserved like the preceding, and likewise printed in the Recherches historiques sur la ville d’Orléans, l. c., p. 277. It will be remarked that the account of the Paris doctors, which is always collective as heretofore, embraces only four persons instead of six. Jacques de Touraine and Girard Feuillet, named in the analogous pieces of 4 March and 9 April, do not figure here.

The venerable and discreet persons, masters Jean Beaupère, Nicole Midi, Pierre Morice and Thomas de Courcelles, bachelor formed in theology, confess to have had and received from the honourable and wise Pierre Surreau, receiver-general of all the finances of the king our sire in Normandy, the sum of one hundred and two livres tournois due to them in remainder, by reason of the assessment of twenty sous tournois made to them by the king our said lord for each of them, for each day that they shall affirm to have attended at the ecclesiastical trial which has been made against that woman who called herself Joan the Maid. At which trial the abovesaid have affirmed and do affirm to have attended in the manner following:

To wit, the said Beaupère, from the 23rd day of February in the year 1430 inclusive, until the 28th day of May following, likewise inclusive; at which time there are one hundred days which at the said rate of twenty sous tournois for each of the said days amount to one hundred livres tournois, whereof he has received from the said receiver 85 l. tournois; so there remains due to him 15 l. tournois;

The said Nicole Midi, from the said 16th day of February until the 10th day of June following, the one and the other inclusive, comprising therein his return to Paris, at which time there are one hundred and thirteen days which at the abovesaid rate are worth 113 l. tournois, whereof he has received from the said receiver in four payments 88 l. tournois; so there remains due to him 25 l. tournois;

The said Pierre Morice, from the 18th day of February to the 7th day of June following, the one and the other inclusive, at which time there are one hundred and ten days, of which are to be deducted 11 days that he was absent for his own businesses and affairs, leaving 99 days, which at the abovesaid rate amount to 99 l. tournois, whereof he has received from the said receiver in four payments 76 l. tournois; so there remains due to him 22 l. tournois;

And the said Thomas de Courcelles, from the said 18th day of February until the 10th day of June following, the one and the other inclusive, comprising therein his return, at which time there are one hundred and thirteen days which at the abovesaid rate amount to one hundred and thirteen livres tournois, whereof he has received from the said receiver in four payments 76 l. tournois; so there remains to be paid him 37 l. tournois.

Which remainders make together the said sum of one hundred and two livres tournois. Of which sum the said masters hold themselves well paid and content, and thereof acquit the king our said lord, the said receiver and all others. Witness the manual sign of me, Jean Thiessart, notary of the king, here set, the twelfth day of June, in the year 1431.

Signed, THIESSART.

XLVII. Tumult at Serqueux in Champagne, for the Payment of a Debt Contracted by Pierre du Lys, Prisoner of the Burgundians #

Unpublished piece from the Trésor des Chartes (J, 177, no. 45), in the Archives of the Realm.

Charles, etc. Know to all present and to come, that we have received the humble supplication of Nicolas de Verrecourt, young companion of war, native of the place of Verrecourt in the bailiwick of Chaumont in Bassigny, containing that all his time and especially since he has known himself, he has served us against our adversaries, both in the company of the late Philibert de Brécy, in his lifetime knight, and otherwise, and has employed therein his body, his time and his goods. And he being with the said late de Brécy, it befell that Pierre d’Alix [du Lys], knight, brother of Joan the Maid, to whom we had then given the profit and revenue of our high passages in our said bailiwick of Chaumont, gave to the said late de Brécy, by way of gage, what the town of Serqueux (1) in our provostry of Montigny could owe on account of the said high passages, for a certain sum of money which the said d’Alix owed him for a loan made to him by the said de Brécy, to aid him in paying his ransom to the Bastard of Vergey who held him prisoner (2); which town of Serqueux and the inhabitants thereof refused to pay the said de Brécy what they owed him at a certain term then elapsed; and because the said inhabitants, after several long summonses made to them by the said late de Brécy, were ever refusing to pay the said de Brécy, in the year 1439 or thereabouts he commanded the said suppliant and three or four other companions of war, his servants, that they should go to the said place of Serqueux and take and distrain the said inhabitants in their goods for his said payment. Which said suppliant and others, obeying the commandment of their said master, went to the said place of Serqueux where they took certain horses, cattle and other goods, which they led away and were returning to their said master without doing harm to any person; but the inhabitants of the said Serqueux sallied out of the said place armed and weaponed, and came to the said suppliant and other companions of war crying: Death to the traitors! they shall be hanged! And they ran upon them and especially upon the said suppliant, and set themselves with all effort to do them harm and to kill them. And when the said suppliant saw that they pressed them, and because the said inhabitants during the wars had been contrary and bore all hatred to the said suppliant and his said companions, who all their lives had been in our service, fearing to fall into their mercy, put himself in defence against some of the said inhabitants who pressed him hard; and in defending himself the said suppliant struck with a lance that he held one named Jean Landrey of the said place of Serqueux, through the head or other part, so that death ensued thereof in the person of the said Landrey. For occasion of which case the said suppliant absented himself from the country, etc… and would never dare return or dwell safely in our realm, unless our grace and mercy were imparted to him thereon, as he has caused to be said and shown to us, etc., etc. Therefore it is that we, having considered what is said, willing that mercy be preferred to rigour of justice, to the said Nicolas de Verrecourt, suppliant, have acquitted, remitted and pardoned, and do acquit, remit and pardon of special grace, full power and royal authority, by these presents, the deeds and cases aforesaid, etc., etc. Given at Saint-Mihiel in Barrois, the 21st day of May, in the year of grace 1445 and of our reign the twenty-first.

Thus signed: By the king in his council, DELALOIRE. Visé, contentor, P. LE PICART.

(1) Today in the département of the Haute-Marne, canton of Bourbonne.

(2) He had been made prisoner at the same time as his sister at the sortie from Compiègne.

XLVIII. Donation of the Île-aux-Boeufs to the Same Pierre du Lys #

28 July 1443.

This act, formerly registered in the Chambre des Comptes of Paris, is no longer found today. Estienne Pasquier, in his Recherches sur la France (bk. VI, ch. 5), first pointed out its existence and made known its considerations. There is a fuller extract of it (and it is the one we give here) in the Traité sommaire du nom et des armes de la Pucelle, revised in 1628 (p. 27). The donation made by the Duke of Orléans bore upon a great sandbank which is still today in the bed of the Loire, one league above Orléans. The historians of Orléans, and lastly M. Jollois, have believed that the Île-aux-Boeufs was the Île Saint-Loup; but that is an error, since by the terms of the fragment below, the Île-aux-Boeufs was situated at the level of Chécy. It was a pasture ground whose revenue could not constitute a rich gift, nor one worthy of the services rendered to the Duke of Orléans by the d’Arc family. In 1481 the Île-aux-Boeufs brought in only eight gold crowns of rent to Pierre du Lys’s son; it is true that a certain extent of meadows and arable lands was excepted from the lease; but account must be taken of thirty-eight years of possession, during which the du Lys family had not failed to improve the domain (1).

(1) Extract from the lease passed on 15 October 1481, before Courtin, notary at the Châtelet of Orléans; given at p. 31 of the Traité sommaire du nom et des armes de la Pucelle: Noble man Jean du Lis, called la Pucelle, squire, lord of Villers in the parish of Ardon, confesses to have let at farm and pension, from next All Saints for six years, to Estienne Mignon, merchant butcher of the great borough of Orléans, the Île-aux-Boeufs, in what is enclosed in water, not including the meadows nor the lands that are at present under tillage, which the lessor retains to himself, for and at the sum of ten gold crowns of farm and pension each year.

M. Lottin, in his Recherches sur Orléans (part II, vol. I, p. 311), cites an account of 1477 which states that 115 sous of forestage were paid that year to the same Jean du Lys, for 2,500 faggots of willow taken on the Île-aux-Boeufs.

The Île-aux-Boeufs passed out of the du Lys family in 1524 and was reunited to the domain a few years after.

Here is what has been preserved for us of the terms of the donation:

The supplication of Messire Pierre du Lis, knight, having been heard, containing that to acquit his loyalty towards the king our sire and us, he departed from his country to come to the service of the king our said lord and of us, in the company of Joan the Maid, his sister; with whom, until her departure, and since until the present, he has exposed his body and his goods to the said service and to the business of the king’s wars, both in the resistance to the ancient enemies of the realm who held the siege before our town of Orléans, and in several journeys made and undertaken for the king our said lord and his chiefs of war, and otherwise, in several and divers places; and by fortune of the said wars has been prisoner of the said enemies and constrained to sell the inheritances of his wife to pay his ransom; requesting that it please us to give him, etc. Wherefore we, in consideration of the things abovesaid, have given and do give to the said Messire Pierre du Lis, knight, of special grace, in favour and contemplation of the said Maid, his german sister, and of the great and notable services which she and the said Messire Pierre, her brother, have done to the king our said lord and to us, the fruits, profits, usufructs, revenues and emoluments of an island called the Île-aux-Boeufs, situated in the river Loire near the Salle, opposite Chécy, as it lies; to enjoy the same during his life and that of Jean du Lis, his eldest son, each of them so long as the survivor of them two shall live and have life in body, etc.

XLIX. Alms of the Duke of Orléans to One of the Maid’s Brothers #

31 July 1450.

One cannot qualify otherwise, both because of its smallness and because of the terms in which it is made, the gift stated by the following document. The original on parchment is preserved in the King’s particular library at the Louvre. It formed part of the Joursanvault archives, and is entered in the catalogue of that collection under no. 155.

I, Remon Fricon, knight and first master of household of my lord the Duke of Orléans, certify to all whom it may concern that Jean Chardon, treasurer and receiver-general of the finances of my said lord, has paid the sum of fifty-five sous tournois for a gift made by my said lord: to wit, 27 s. 6 d. to the mute who dwells at Orléans, who was formerly a scullion; and to the brother of the late Maid (1) 27 s. 6 d.; to aid them in having their necessities; whereof they have held themselves content. Witness my manual sign here set, the last day of July in the year 1450.

Signed FRICON.

(1) Probably Pierre, who certainly had not wherewith to live from the Île-aux-Boeufs. The catalogue of the books and historical documents of the cabinet of M. de Courcelles, printed in 1834, mentions another schedule emanating from the treasury of the same Duke of Orléans, which stated the gift of a sum of ten livres tournois made in 1463 to Messire Pierre du Lis, knight, brother of the late Joan the Maid.

L. Works for the Rehabilitation While the Cardinal d’Estouteville Was Gathering Information at Rouen #

4 May 1462.

Extract from one of the capitular registers of the cathedral of Rouen, today in the departmental archives of Seine-Inférieure. Communicated by M. Floquet.

The request of master Guillaume du Désert (1) [and] of master Jean de Gonnys (2), deputed by the lord archbishop in the matter of faith in the cause touching the matter of the Maid, having been heard: they concluded that the end of the matter should be awaited.

(1) This canon deposed as a witness to the irregularity of the first trial, on 8 May 1452. See vol. II, p. 337.

(2) I defer to the authority of M. Chéruel, professor of history at the royal college of Rouen, in correcting in this way a name which I have often printed in the preceding volumes under the forms Gouys and Gouvis.

LI. Notice on the Memoir of Pierre Lhermite, Sub-Dean of Saint-Martin of Tours, Concerning the Irregularities of Joan’s Trial #

M. de l’Averdy, at p. 518 of his Mémoire sur Jeanne d’Arc, gave in five lines the summary analysis of this work, which he knew only through a French translation contained in the Soubise manuscript. I should willingly place it among the lost pieces, in spite of the existence of manuscript 144 (French Jurisprudence) of the Arsenal, which passes for the copy of that of Soubise. In that volume, it is true, I do find a consultation — not theological, as M. de l’Averdy says, but wholly judicial — under the name of Pierre Lhermite; I can even recognise that this consultation is an answer to seventeen of the articles proposed by Paul Pontanus, outside the questions of dogma (see vol. II, p. 64). But besides that the transcription is made with very little care, the translation is so faulty, it so betrays its author’s ignorance in matters of law, that one cannot truly attribute the value of a document to so disfigured a piece.

May it suffice to give here the first and last paragraph of this translation, for the convenience of those who will make researches on the same subject.

Incipit.

Here follows the opinion of Messire Pierre Lhermite, sub-dean of the church of Saint-Martin of Tours.

It seems to me, under correction, that to the questions and demands made in the trial of the late Joan the Maid, one may say and answer in this manner to what is asked in an article, to wit, whether the trial and the sentence were valid and reasonable, etc.:

Since the said late woman did not offend in the territory of the Bishop of Beauvais and that otherwise she was not his subject, I say that he could not and ought not to have the cognisance of her case, nor have power to retain her in his jurisdiction. For she was not his subject for having merely passed over his land or for having been taken within his territory; for, as a law says, it would be very hard for a pilgrim or a sailor to have to defend himself in every place through which he passes, if he were accused or apprehended there of any malefice; and consequently I will say that all that the said bishop did and pronounced against her is unjust, unreasonable and of no value, as is written in the chapter Si clerici, where the Office of Judges is spoken of.

Explicit.

At the 17th and last article, I prove that she is guiltless: 1st, because a true and just judge must always have before the eyes of his conscience truth and equity, without stretching nets, cord or snares for anyone to deceive and trick him, by the chapter De viduis; 2nd, because he must always strive to save and deliver from death a poor prisoner, man or woman. But because this bishop did all to the contrary, to wit, that to the simple, rustic and innocent Maid, who knew nothing of trials, he proposed and asked difficult, subtle and captious questions to take her and condemn her by her own words, to put her into confusion and fraudulent deception: I say and conclude that falsely and iniquitously.

In the honour and reverence of the holy, sacred and inseparable Trinity of the Father, of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

LII. Cooperation of the Chapter of the Cathedral of Rouen in the Rehabilitation Trial #

19 December 1455.

Extract from a capitular register preserved in the archives of Seine-Inférieure, cited by M. Chéruel in an article in the Revue de Rouen et de Normandie for June 1845.

Friday 19 December, capitulating the lord and master Robert Sutor, etc. The capitulating lords deputed M. Nicholas de Bosco, dean; Philip de Rosa, treasurer; Hector de Coquerel; William Roussel; Lawrence Surreau; Jean Du Bec and Jean de Gonnys, to assist with the lord judges ordained for the trial of the Maid. And that the aforesaid shall have their distributions so long as they shall assist and be occupied in the said business.

LIII. Bequest of a Copy of the Rehabilitation Trial to the Church of Paris #

Extract from the testamentary execution of Bishop Guillaume Chartier, entered on the obituary of Notre-Dame of Paris (vol. IV, p. 95, of the Cartulaire de l’église de Paris published by M. Guérard). The copy of the trial in question is the one which had been delivered to Guillaume Chartier as judge of the rehabilitation, and which is still in the collection of the manuscripts of Notre-Dame at the Bibliothèque Royale (no. H, 10).

Twelve volumes of books, together with a certain other [book] in paper and parchment containing the trial of the Maid of Orléans, the executors of the said reverend father in Christ despatched and actually delivered to us; and we caused it to be laid up in the library and chained in two wooden lecterns, at the arms of the said reverend father, with the ironwork, seats and other things belonging thereto (1), made at the costs and of the goods of the execution of the said reverend father in Christ.

(1) See above, p. 78.

LIV. Confirmation of the Privilege of Nobility Granted to the Descendants of the d’Arc Family #

October 1550.

Several times partially printed after a register, now destroyed, of the Chambre des Comptes. Godefroy first made it known (Histoire de Charles VII, p. 897). The present text has been corrected and completed on register 260 of the Trésor des Chartes (piece 306). De La Roque, in chapter XII of his Traité de la Noblesse, speaks of an enrolment decree rendered by the Cour des Aides of Normandy, dated 13 December 1608.

Henry, by the grace of God king of France, make known to all present and to come, that we have received the humble supplication of our dear and well-beloved Robert Le Fournier, baron of Tournebeu, and Lucas du Chemyn, lord of Feron, his nephew, for themselves and their kin, issued and descended of the lineage of the Maid Joan d’Ay (2), of Domrémy near Vaucouleurs in the bailiwick of Chaumont, containing that the late King Charles VII, whom God absolve, for certain good, just and reasonable great causes and considerations, ennobled the said Maid Joan d’Ay, Jacques d’Ay her father, Isabelle his wife, mother of the said Joan, Jacquemin and Jean d’Ay, and Pierre Prerel, brothers of the said Maid; together with all their lineage and posterity in masculine and feminine line; and thereof had his letters expedited in form of charters, of this tenor:

Carolus, Dei gratia, Francorum rex, ad perpetuam rei memoriam, etc. (1)

(1) See above, p. 150, this piece given entire.

(2) They were issued from Catherine du Lys, second daughter of Pierre du Lys, brother of Joan. (Traité sommaire du nom et des armes de la Pucelle, revised in 1628, p. 42.)

Of the contents of which letters made for this cause by our predecessors, the heirs and successors of the said Maid, her said father, mother and brothers, have ever since enjoyed and made use, namely the said suppliants, as they still do at present; but fearing that by reason of the decease of the late of good memory the king our most honoured lord and father, last deceased, whom God absolve; and that since him and our coming to the crown they have had no confirmation from us, they fear to be hindered herein in future if they had not our letters of confirmation thereon, which they have most humbly caused us to be supplicated and required to be willing to grant them, and to impart to them thereon our grace and liberality: therefore it is that we, inclining liberally to the humble supplication and request of the said suppliants, duly informed of the just occasions and services divinely done to our predecessors and realm by the said Maid in expelling the enemies usurping our said realm, which moved our said predecessors to give and grant the said ennoblement; not willing to do less than they in this behalf: to the said suppliants, together with the other successors issued and descended of the masculine and feminine lineage of the said Maid and of her said father and mother and brothers, have of our certain knowledge, full power and royal authority, continued and confirmed, and do continue and confirm by these presents, the said ennoblement above inserted, to enjoy and use it by them henceforward in perpetuity, as much and as fully, and in the form and manner contained in the said letters and charters above inserted, and as they have heretofore well and duly enjoyed and used it, and as they still enjoy it at present. So we give in commandment, etc. Given at Rouen, in the month of October, in the year of grace 1550, and of our reign the fourth.

And underneath is written: Collation of the letters above transcribed has been made to their originals by me, notary and secretary of the king, MAUTEU. And on the fold: By the king, MANGEU. Visé. Contentor, GORE; and sealed with green wax on silk lace.

LV. Contracts for the Restoration of the Monument of the Maid at Orléans #

1570–1571.

Two pieces of which the originals, one on parchment, the other on paper, form part of manuscript no. 411 of the Orléans library. The first was printed, but in a very incomplete manner, in M. Lottin’s Recherches historiques sur Orléans (first part, vol. I, p. 480).

What little is known of the origin of the monument has been said in our fourth volume (p. 449). It is here a question of the new form it received after having been almost entirely destroyed at the second occupation of Orléans by the Calvinists, in 1567. Great changes were made to the primitive arrangement. Whereas formerly the principal group consisted of a Christ on the cross with a Mater dolorosa placed standing before Him, since the restoration the Christ was laid dead on His mother’s knees, and she seated at the foot of the cross against a rock figuring Calvary. The kneeling statues of Charles VII and of the Maid which, from the origin, had been set right and left of the group, were maintained there; but the second had to be remade from imagination, the iconoclasts having left subsisting only the legs and arms of it.

The ancient state of the monument is attested by a painting in the Orléans museum representing a view of the bridge and the town about the year 1560. An idea may be formed of what it was since 1571, both by the tokens struck at the end of the sixteenth century for the common house of Orléans, and by two engravings of Gaultier executed, the one for Jean Hordal’s book, the other for the Recueil d’inscriptions à la gloire de Jeanne d’Arc which appeared in 1628. La Fontaine visited it in 1633; he thus opens his mind about it to his wife in the second letter of his journey to Limoges: In going upon the bridge, I saw the Maid; but, my faith, it was without pleasure. I found in her neither the air, nor the figure, nor the face of an amazon. The Infanta Gradafilée is worth ten of her; and were it not that M. Chapelain is her chronicler, I know not whether I should make mention of her. I looked at her, for love of him, longer than I should have done. She is on her knees before a cross, and King Charles in the same posture over against her; the whole very puny and of small appearance. It is a monument that smacks of the poverty of its century.

See below the inscriptions placed on the pedestal remade in 1771.

Foundry work.

Before Girard Dubois, notary of the king our sire in his Châtelet of Orléans, appeared Hector Lescot, founder, dwelling at Orléans in the parish of Saint-Pierre-Puellier, called Jacqueminot, who confessed that he had undertaken and undertakes for the mayor and échevins, who gave and give him to do what follows:

In what is required to refound and resolder the effigies of Our Lady of Pity and the Maid, which used of old to be on the bridges of this town: first, the whole body of the said Maid must be resoldered, save the legs, arms and hands; further, to resolder anew a lance with the guidon turning at the end of the said lance, her armet with a plume, a sword and spurs, a cross, a pelican, three nails, a crown of thorns above the cross, another lance on the other side of the cross and a sponge; further, to refound an arm for the crucifix, and set a great piece at the stomach; to make an encolleture at the neck and several other pieces which must be made and resoldered; and moreover to repair several arquebus shots at the body and the head of the king, and to remake him a crown which is set upon his arms; and generally to do all that shall be required to be done, and to accommodate and seat the said Maid, and in the like manner that she used to be.

For doing which, the said mayor and échevins shall furnish copper or pewter, iron, lead and other matters necessary thereto. And as to the moulds, the said contractor shall have them made at his costs and expenses. And the said Maid and all the contents above, the said contractor shall render repaired, made and perfected, seated upon the bridge where she was accustomed to be seated, the whole well and duly, as it belongs, within the sixth day of January next, for the sum of six score and ten livres tournois which the said mayor and échevins have promised to pay and cause to be paid by the receiver of the common moneys of the said town: to wit, in advance, fifty livres tournois, and the surplus amounting to four score livres tournois, forthwith upon the abovesaid works being received well and duly made and perfect, delivered to the said mayor and échevins by the said contractor, obligating his costs and renouncing. Present Robert Charpentier and Jean Cornu, dwelling in the said Orléans, witnesses, the 9th October 1570. Signed DUBOIS.

And on the fourteenth of the said month of October, the said Lescot confessed to have had and received from the honourable man Jacques Alleaume, receiver of the common moneys of the town of Orléans, the sum of fifty livres tournois in advance upon the abovesaid works; whereof receipt in the presence of Joseph Morcheron and Jacques Sayntonge of the said Orléans, witnesses.

Signed DUBOIS.

Masonry work.

The twenty-second day of March, in the year 1571.

The mayor and échevins of the town of Orléans, assembled in sufficient number in the common house of the said town, in the presence of Girard Dubois, notary of the king our sire in his Châtelet of Orléans, registrar of the said common house, have advised and deliberated that by the honourable and prudent man Jacques Aleaume, receiver of the common moneys of the town of Orléans, there shall be paid and given to master Pierre Guillaumect, master mason and stone-cutter of this town of Orléans, the sum of forty-five livres tournois, for which the said mayor and échevins have heretofore made verbal bargain with the said Guillaumect, to do the masonry which he has done, both of cutting and otherwise, which had to be done at the place and spot where the effigy of Our Lady, of the king and of the Maid have lately been set and seated on the said bridge of this said town, and to do which the said Guillaumect furnished stone of Apremont, lime, sand and cement, as was required. And upon the said receiver rendering these presents with receipt of the said Guillaumect, the said sum of 45 l. t. shall be allowed him in his account. Done and enacted in the said town house, the year and day abovesaid. Signed, DUBOIS.

The year and day as above, the said Guillaumect abovenamed confesses to have received from the said Aleaume, receiver abovesaid, the said sum of forty-five livres tournois for the causes aforesaid, as, etc.; whereof receipt. Witnesses, Jacques Sainctonge and Jacques Colas, treasurer clerks. Signed, DUBOIS.

LVI. Permission to the Cadet Branch of the du Lys Family to Resume the Arms of the Maid #

25 September 1612 [recte October].

Letters patent of which an ampliation exists in the judicial section of the Archives of the Realm (Cour des Aides, bundle of 1611 to 1614). They were printed for the first time separately, in a little booklet of duodecimo format, without date or printer’s name. Godefroy reproduced them at p. 899 of the Histoire de Charles VII. They are also found in the Recueil général des anciennes lois françaises (vol. XVI, p. 33), and in M. Buchon’s Collection des chroniques nationales, vol. IX of Monstrelet, as well as in the Panthéon littéraire.

Louis, by the grace of God king of France and of Navarre, to all present and to come, greeting.

Our beloved and trusty MM. Charles Dulis, our counsellor and advocate-general in our Cour des Aides at Paris, and Luc Dulis, squire, lord of Reisnemoulin, also counsellor, notary and secretary of our house and crown of France, and audiencier in our chancellery of Paris, brothers; have most humbly shown us that, as during the wars and divisions which were in this realm under Kings Charles VI and Charles VII of happy memory, our predecessors, the English having for a long space of time usurped our town of Paris and a great part of the other best towns and provinces of our realm, it pleased God, true protector of our said realm, to raise up from the borders thereof that magnanimous and virtuous girl, named Joan of Arc, since vulgarly called the Maid of Orléans; who, against the opinion of everyone and against all human appearance, miraculously caused in very little time, and as by the hand of God, the siege which the English held before our town of Orléans to be raised, and the said lord King Charles VII to be crowned in our town of Reims, with such prosperity that thenceforward the English were entirely subdued and expelled from our realm: in recognition of which great and signal services rendered to the State and crown of France, she was not only ennobled with her father, mother, brothers and all their posterity, both in masculine and feminine line, but by a special privilege of the said lord King Charles VII it was permitted to her, together with her said brothers and their posterity, to bear the lis, both in their names and in their arms, which were then granted them and blazoned with a shield azure, two fleurs-de-lis or, and a sword argent with the guard golden, the point uppermost, struck into a crown of gold; of which brothers of the said Maid, the eldest, Jean d’Arc, called Dulis, provost of Vaucouleurs, and his descendants continued to bear the said names and arms Dulis until this day; and the younger Pierre d’Arc, also thence surnamed Dulis, following the profession of arms, after having attained to the order and degree of knighthood, by letters patent of the Duke of Orléans, given at Orléans the twenty-eighth of July one thousand four hundred and forty-three, was recognised and recompensed under the name Dulis, and in quality of german brother of the said Maid, for the signal services rendered by him, in deeds of arms, with his said sister, and after the decease of the same, both to the said lord King Charles VII and to the said Duke of Orléans, since his happy deliverance from his long prison, under the auspices of the said Maid, as appears amply by several extracts of our Chambre des Comptes and other titles attached under the counter-seal of these presents (1); and that of the said Pierre Dulis, knight, younger brother of the said Maid, were issued and descended in right line the said exposants, brothers, children of Michel Dulis their father, son of Jean Dulis their grandfather, who was son of another Jean Dulis the younger: which was also younger son of the said Pierre Dulis, knight, still younger brother of the said Maid: which Jean Dulis the younger, great-grandfather of the said exposants, was named and sent to be one of the échevins in the town of Arras by the king Louis XI, son and successor of the said lord King Charles VII, when he willed to have it re-established and repeopled, by his letters patent given at Chartres in the month of July 1481 (1), verified in our Cour des Aides the tenth of September following, and remained there until the year 1491, when the said town having withdrawn from the obedience of the crown of France by the interposition of the archduke Maximilian, the good and true French who had been established there by the said lord King Louis XI were all pillaged and chased from the said town, notably the said Jean Dulis, who was constrained to withdraw to Lihons in Santerre, without nevertheless discontinuing the profession of arms; and seeing himself the youngest of the youngest of the brothers of the said Maid of Orléans, he contented himself with bearing the name Dulis, retaining the arms of the name and of their ancient family of Arc, which are azure, a bow or set in fess, charged with three arrows intercrossed, the points uppermost struck, two or, steeled and plumed argent, and one argent, steeled and plumed or, and the chief argent with a lion passant gules; and forasmuch as the said names Dulis and arms of Arc are found to have passed from father to son down to the said exposants, and that these are recognised today as the sole representatives of the said Pierre Dulis, their great-great-grandfather, german brother of the said Maid, by reason that Jean Dulis the elder, in his lifetime always surnamed la Pucelle, eldest son of the said Pierre Dulis, knight, brother of the said Maid, deceased without heirs (1), they desired to resume the arms Dulis, granted to the said Maid and her brothers, together with those of Arc, which the said Jean Dulis the younger, their great-grandfather, and his descendants are found to have retained and kept until now; and that it be permitted them to bear them both together, quartered in the same escutcheon, and crested in such fashion as it shall please us to ordain for them, for a mark of the valorous acts of the said Maid and of their ancestors, and even to employ therein the banner which she bore to the war, which was of white cloth sown with fleurs-de-lis of gold, with the figure of an angel presenting a lily to God, borne by the Virgin His mother; which they doubt they may do without having our suitable and necessary letters thereon, humbly requiring the same: therefore it is that we, recognising the great, mysterious and signal services done to the State and crown of France by the said Joan of Arc, called the Maid of Orléans, and desiring to continue the recognition and gratification which has been made therefor to her and to her brothers and their posterity, and besides, well and favourably to treat the said exposants, both in contemplation of their said extraction, which has sufficiently appeared to us by the titles and extracts attached under our said counter-seal, as of several good and agreeable services which they have rendered us, and to the late King Henry the Great, our most honoured lord and father, of happy memory, not only in the exercise of their offices, but in several other charges, commissions and negotiations wherein they have been employed and have worthily acquitted themselves: for these causes and other great considerations moving us thereto, by the advice of the queen regent, our most honoured lady and mother, and of our council, we have, of our certain knowledge, full power and royal authority, by these presents signed with our hand, permitted and do permit the said exposants to adjoin the arms Dulis to those of Arc, which they were accustomed to use; and to bear the same henceforward, they and their posterity, quartered in the right quarter of those Dulis, which were granted to the said Maid of Orléans and her brothers, as those who are recognised issued and descended of the elder brother of the said Maid, Jean Dulis, who was provost of Vaucouleurs, have retained and now bear them; and in the second and third quarter those of Arc, which the said exposants have retained and kept from father to son, from the said Jean Dulis the younger, their great-grandfather, who was named, as is said, for échevin in the town of Arras, by the said lord King Louis XI, as they are blazoned above and represented under the counter-seal of these presents; as also we will and permit that the said exposants may bear their helm crowned with the torse of knighthood and nobility, of the armorial colours, and crested, to wit the said Charles and his heirs, with a figure of the said Maid, clothed in white, bearing in her right hand a crown of gold sustained on the point of her sword, and in the left, her white banner, figured and represented as in her lifetime she bore it; and the said Luc Dulis, younger, and his heirs, with a fleur-de-lis of gold issuant between two pennants of the same blazon as the banner of the said Maid; and that the cry of the said Charles and of his heirs be La Pucelle! and that of the said Luc, lord of Reisnemoulin, be Les Lys! without their being able to be troubled, molested or disquieted in any manner whatsoever, nor that the said change or quartering and addition can harm them or be imputed to them in prejudice of our ordinances. So we give in commandment to our beloved and trusty counsellors the men holding our courts of Parliament and of the Aides at Paris, and to all other justices and officers to whom it shall belong, that they cause these presents to be registered, and the said exposants and their posterity to enjoy and use the contents thereof, without any trouble or hindrance being made them thereon; and if any be made or given them, to cause it to be lifted and removed, notwithstanding all ordinances, prohibitions, and whatsoever letters to the contrary: for such is our pleasure. And so that this be a thing firm and stable for ever, we have caused our seal to be set to these said presents. Given at Paris, the twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of grace 1612, and of our reign the third. Signed, LOUIS. And on the fold, By the king, the queen regent his mother being present, BRULART, and sealed with green wax. And beside is written: Visé. And on the said fold is further written: Registered, the king’s procurator-general heard, to be enjoyed by the impetrants of the contents thereof, according to their form and tenor. Done in Parliament, the eighteenth of December one thousand six hundred and twelve. Signed, DU TILLET. And on the same fold is written: Registered in the Cour des Aides, the king’s procurator-general heard, to be enjoyed by the impetrants of the contents thereof, pursuant to decree of the said court of this day. Done at Paris, the thirty-first day of December, one thousand six hundred and twelve. Signed, DU PUY.

(1) See above, p. 213.

(1) See indeed article 11 of this ordinance in the Recueil des Ord., vol. XVII, p. 643.

(1) He left a daughter who died without posterity.

Extract of the registers of the Parliament. — Seen by the Court the letters patent of 25 October last, signed LOUIS, and on the fold, By the king, the queen regent his mother being present, BRULART; by which, inclining to the supplication of MM. Charles Dulis, advocate of the king in the Cour des Aides, and Luc Dulis, secretary and audiencier in the chancellery, descended from Joan of Arc, called the Maid of Orléans, they are permitted to adjoin to the arms of Arc those of Lis, granted to the said Maid and to hers, as the said letters contain at length; the request by them presented to the Court for registration; conclusions of the king’s procurator-general; all considered: the said Court has ordained and ordains that the said letters shall be registered therein, the king’s procurator-general heard, to be enjoyed by the impetrants of the contents thereof. Done in Parliament, the eighteenth day of December, one thousand six hundred and twelve. Signed, VOISIN.

Extract of the registers of the Cour des Aides. — Seen by the Court the letters patent of the king, given at Paris the twenty-fifth day of October last, signed LOUIS, and on the fold, By the king, the queen regent his mother being present, BRULART, beside visé, and sealed with green wax on laces of red and green silk, bearing permission to Messire Charles Dulis, his counsellor and advocate-general in the said Court, and Luc Dulis, squire, lord of Resnemoulin, also counsellor, notary and secretary of His Majesty’s house and crown of France, and audiencier in the chancellery of Paris, to adjoin the arms Dulis to those of Arc, and to bear the same henceforward, and their posterity, as being descended from one of the brothers of Joan of Arc, called the Maid of Orléans, as the said letters contain more at length; request of the impetrants for the verification thereof; conclusions of the king’s procurator-general, and all considered: the Court has ordained and ordains that the said letters shall be registered in the registry thereof, to be enjoyed by the impetrants of the contents therein. Pronounced the thirty-first day of December, one thousand six hundred and twelve. Signed, DU PUY.

LVII. Reduction of the Privilege of Nobility for the Descendants of the d’Arc Family #

June 1614.

This provision is carried by article 10 of the edict of 1614 for the reduction of privileges in the matter of the tailles. It is stated a second time in the edict of the month of January 1634 on the same matter. I borrow the text from the Recueil général des anciennes lois françaises of MM. Isambert and Taillandier, vol. XVI, pp. 48 and 398.

The descendants of the brothers of the Maid of Orléans who now live nobly shall enjoy in future the privileges of nobility, and their posterity, from male to male living nobly, even those who to this effect have obtained our letters patent and decrees of our sovereign courts. But those who have not lived and do not live nobly at present shall no longer enjoy in future any privileges. The daughters and women also descended from the brothers of the said Maid of Orléans shall no longer ennoble their husbands in future.

LVIII. Donation of Joan of Arc’s Hat to the Oratorians of Orléans #

22 April 1631.

Certificate printed by Lenglet Dufresnoy in his Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, part III, p. 278. Lenglet saw this hat, which still existed in his time. It was of blue satin, he says, with four brims embroidered with gold, and enclosed in a case of red morocco leather with fleurs-de-lis of gold. Today there is no one in Orléans who can say what this relic has become.

Jesus Maria.

In the reign of the most Christian king Louis the Just, thirteenth of the name, I, Paul Metezeau, priest of the congregation of the Oratory of Jesus, have given to our house of the Oratory in this town of Orléans, this hat which I certify to be the true one of the heroic and famous girl Joan of Arc, commonly called the Maid of Orléans, in the order and succession in which it has devolved to me, from damoiselle Marguerite de Therouanne, wife of Jean de Metezeau my brother, secretary of the king, and only daughter of Monsieur de Therouanne, counsellor in the court of Parliament at Paris, and of damoiselle Marguerite de Bongars, native of Orléans; to which damoiselle de Bongars this hat had remained by ancient hereditary and ever-descending succession down to her, by alliance of the family and house in which the said Maid was received and lodged when she arrived at Orléans to chase from before the town and out of the realm of France the English; and so carefully kept for the space of two hundred years, and left by inheritance from parents to children under that name, for a memorable title of the antiquity of their house, until at last it was given and put into my hands by her who in that rank of succession possessed it, to be, by divine providence, brought back to the said town and given by me to our house of the Oratory with this case, to be worthily preserved therein in future, to save it from the ashes and to commend it to posterity, according to the piety, worth, merit and holiness of that girl and heroic virgin in whom the arm of God appeared, and that she was chosen by Him for the salvation and the liberty of France. In witness whereof and of the gift which I make, I sign this writing made by hand, this 22 April 1631.

Signed, PAUL METEZEAU, priest of the Oratory of Jesus, with flourish.

LIX. Inscriptions of the Fountain Erected at Rouen #

A monument constructed on the place called de la Pucelle, which is a portion of the ancient Place du Vieux-Marché. A statue of a woman in heroic costume, representing Joan of Arc, surmounts a triangular base from which water escapes by three jets disposed on each of the faces. The statue is due to the chisel of the sculptor Slodz; the whole of the monument is of the design of the architect Dubois. This work is all in white marble. It replaced an old fountain of Renaissance style, erected in a corner of the same place, at the spot where the expiatory cross decreed by the judges of the rehabilitation had been planted. The design of that fountain, engraved following the Mémoire of M. de l’Averdy, may be seen (Notices des manuscrits, vol. III, p. 604). It was in vain that the Rouennais authors wished to maintain that it dated from the reign of Charles VII. They proved only one thing, that it existed in 1525, when the famous Livre des fontaines de Rouen was executed. After its architecture, it is evident that it did not go back beyond the reign of Louis XII.

As for the modern fountain, it was saved in 1793 by the presence of mind of the administrators of the commune, who pointed out that Joan of Arc was of the third estate, and that in that title her image ought to be preserved. They contented themselves with erasing the inscriptions, of which here is the tenor, after the Dictionnaire indicateur des rues et places de Rouen, by P. Périaux.

On the first face.

REGNANTE LUDOVICO XV,
NORMANNIAM GUBERNANTE FR. FRED. MONTMORANCIO
DUCE LUXEMBURGIO,
D. D. ANTONIO DE GAUGY, EQUITE ET SANCTI LAZARI,
ET HONORARIO IN CURIA PRAESIDIALI
URBIS MAJORE;
JOANNE PETRO DECLERE; ELIA LEFEBURE; CAR. NIC. BORDIER;
JOANN. B. FR. CHAPAIS; HEN. JOS. VACHIER, SCUTIFERO; NIC. PREVEL,
AEDILIBUS:
JAC. PH. MULLOT, SCUTIFERO, PRO. REG.; N.B.E. COIGNARD, TAB. ET SCR.;
JAC. L. MULLOT, SCUTIF. QUAEST.; P. JARRY OP. MAG.
VIRGINI BELLATRICI
DICATUM MONUMENTUM, VETUSTATE PROLAPSUM,
SIC RENOVARI
OPERA ET GENIO D. ALEX. DUBOIS, CURAVIT CIVITAS
ANNO MDCCLV.

[In the reign of Louis XV, Normandy being governed by Fr. Fred. Montmorancy, Duke of Luxembourg, D. D. Antoine de Gaugy, knight of Saint Lazarus and honorary mayor in the presidial court of the city; Jean Pierre Déclère, Elie Lefebure, Charles Nicolas Bordier, Jean B. Fr. Chapais, Henri Joseph Vachier, squire, Nicolas Prevel, édiles; Jac. Ph. Mullot, squire, for the king; N.B.E. Coignard, tabellion and scribe; Jac. L. Mullot, squire, quaestor; P. Jarry, master of works: the city caused this monument, dedicated to the warrior Virgin and fallen in decay with age, to be thus renewed by the work and genius of D. Alex. Dubois, in the year 1755.]

On the second face.

JOANNA D’ARC,
QUAE SEXU FOEMINA, ARMIS VIR,
FORTITUDINE HEROS,
POST AURELIAM OBSIDIONE LIBERATAM,
DUCTUM PER MEDIOS HOSTES AD SACRA
RHEMESIA
CAROLUM VII,
ASSERTUM EIDEM PLURIBUS VICTORIIS SOLIUM,
AD COMPENDIUM CAPTA, ANGLIS TRADITA,
IMMERITA SORTE
IN ISTO URBIS ANGULO
COMBUSTA, DIE XXX MAII, ANNO
M. CCCC. XXXI,
EXUIT FLAMMIS QUOD MORTALE.
GLORIA SUPEREST NUNQUAM MORITURA,
ET IN HAC EADEM URBE
SOLEMNITER VINDICATA
DIE VII JULII, ANNO M. CCCC. LVI.

[Joan of Arc, who in sex a woman, in arms a man, in courage a hero, after Orléans had been delivered from siege, and Charles VII led through the midst of enemies to the sacred rites of Reims and the throne asserted to him by many victories, taken at Compiègne, delivered to the English, by undeserved fate in this corner of the city burned, on the 30th day of May, in the year 1431, put off in the flames what was mortal. Her glory survives, never to die, and in this same city was solemnly vindicated on the 7th day of July, in the year 1456.]

On the third face.

FLAMMARUM VICTRIX, ISTO REDIVIVA TROPHAEO,
VITAM PRO PATRIA PONERE VIRGO DOCET:
EMINET EXEMPLUM, SUCCENDAT PECTORA, REGNO
SUSCITET HEROAS, NEUSTRIA DETQUE SUOS.
STEMMA VIDES, SCULPSIT VICTORIA, FACTA PUELLAE
RITE TRIUMPHALI SUNT IBI SCRIPTA MANU:
REGIA VIRGINEO DEFENDITUR ENSE CORONA,
LILIA VIRGINEO TUTA SUB ENSE NITENT.

[Conqueror of the flames, restored to life by this trophy, the Virgin teaches to lay down life for one’s country: let her example stand forth, kindle breasts, raise heroes for the realm, and may Neustria give its own. Thou seest the shield; Victory sculptured it; the Maid’s deeds are there duly written with triumphal hand: the royal crown is defended by a virgin sword; the lilies shine, safe beneath a virgin sword.]

LX. Inscriptions of the Monument of the Maid at Orléans After Its Second Restoration #

The monument, removed in 1745 from the bridge which threatened ruin, was carried into a cellar of the common house, where it remained buried sixteen years. After that lapse of time, the solicitations of M. Desfriches, a distinguished amateur of the fine arts and town counsellor, caused it to be brought again to light. It was placed at the corner of the Rue Royale and the Rue de la Vieille-Poterie, on a pedestal of which M. Soyer, engineer of the turcies et levées, had furnished the design. Millin gave an engraving of it in vol. II, article IX of his Antiquités nationales. Two tables of black marble, inlaid on the principal faces of the monument, bore the following inscriptions, composed by M. Colas de Guyenne, canon of Saint-Aignan.

Side of the Rue Royale.

IN THE REIGN OF LOUIS XV
THIS MONUMENT ERECTED ON THE ANCIENT BRIDGE
BY KING CHARLES VII, IN THE YEAR 1458*,
IN THANKSGIVING FOR THE DELIVERANCE
OF THIS TOWN, AND FOR THE VICTORIES WON
OVER THE ENGLISH BY JOAN OF ARC,
CALLED THE MAID OF ORLÉANS,
HAS BEEN RESTORED IN ITS FIRST FORM,
AT THE WISH OF THE INHABITANTS AND BY THE CARE OF
M. JACQUES DU COUDRAY, MAYOR,
ISAMBERT DE BAGNAUX
VANDEBERGUE DE VILLEBOURE
BOILLÈVE DE DOMCY
DELOYNES DE GAUTIRAY
Échevins.
MM.
DESFRICHES
CHAUBERT
COLAS DE MALMUSSE:
MM. Counsellors.
ARNAULT DE NOBLEVILLE
BOILLÈVE
LHUILLIER DE PLANCHEVILLIERS
IN THE YEAR M. DCC. LXXI.

* Criticism, more advanced today, would not dare pronounce in so absolute a manner on the origin of the monument. See vol. IV, p. 448.

Side of the Rue de la Vieille-Poterie.

D. O. M.
PIETATIS IN DEUM
REVERENTIAE IN DEIPARAM
FIDELITATIS IN REGEM
AMORIS IN PATRIAM
GRATI ANIMI IN PUELLAM
MONUMENTUM
INSTAURAVERE CIVES AURELIANI
ANNO DOMINI MDCCLXXI.

[To God, most good, most great. In witness of piety towards God, reverence towards the Mother of God, fidelity towards the king, love towards the fatherland, and a grateful soul towards the Maid, the citizens of Orléans restored this monument in the year of our Lord 1771.]

LXI. Destruction of the Monument of the Maid at Orléans #

August 1792 — July 1793.

Sundry extracts from the registers of the general council of the commune of Orléans and of those of the Administration of the département of the Loiret, printed in M. Lottin’s Recherches historiques sur Orléans, second part, vol. I, pp. 340, 344 and 417; ibid., vol. II, pp. 62 and 164.

General council of the commune, sitting of 23 August 1792.

Reading is given of the following petition, submitted to the members of the general council of the commune:

Petition of the members of the section of Saint-Victor to MM. the Administrators composing the permanent council of the département of the Loiret.

Administrators, having justified the confidence of the permanent section of Saint-Victor by the zeal you have brought to do right to the petitions presented by your fellow citizens, it addresses itself to you for an important object which they submit to your discussion.

The National Assembly has passed a decree to arm with pikes all the citizens who cannot pay for muskets; these citizens thus armed will be of little defence if they are not supported by an imposing artillery.

The town of Orléans, forming seven battalions, possesses only two pieces of field cannon, the other two cannon not belonging to it, and being able to serve only as rampart pieces. It would therefore be essential to find means of increasing our artillery. To attain this, the section of Saint-Victor proposes to you to have demolished the monument of Charles VII, a monument which insults the liberty of the French people, and which is fit only to irritate men who have too long groaned under the servitude of kings. The bronzes that will be drawn from it will give, according to the artists, two or three pieces of four-pound shot. These are now the only monuments which ought to exist in a free nation, to make tyrants tremble.

The general council of the commune of Orléans, on the petition of the citizens of the second section of this town, considers that the monument of the Maid, far from being able to be regarded as a sign of feudality insulting the liberty of the French people, announces on the contrary only an act of recognition towards the Supreme Being, and a glorious testimony of the valour of our ancestors who delivered the French nation from the yoke that the English wished to impose on it. Moreover, the general council of the commune, recognising the necessity of an imposing artillery, resolves to withdraw without delay by a deputation before the administrative bodies to procure it for the town.

Done and enacted in the common house.

Administration of the département of the Loiret. Sitting of 28 August 1792.

A member rendered account to the Committee of reports, of the observations and of the opinion of that Committee on the petition presented to the Administration by the citizens composing the section of Saint-Victor of the town of Orléans, tending to have the bronze monument of Charles VII, placed on the Rue Royale of this town, converted into cannon to increase the artillery of the national guard.

The assembly, after having heard the report of its Committee of reports and the procurator-general-syndic,

Considering that the monument erected on the Rue Royale of the town of Orléans does not represent the services of the heroine whose memory it is destined to perpetuate;

Considering that the citizens of the town can find in this monument no sign, no character which can recall to them the hatred that their forebears bore to the English;

Has resolved that the monument of Charles VII, erected on the Rue Royale of the town of Orléans, as well as the inscriptions existing on the faces of its pedestal, shall, at the diligence of the procurator of the commune, be forthwith removed and deposited in a safe place to be examined by an artist named by the municipality, on whose report it shall be determined what shall be fitting for the conversion and employment of the metal (1).

(1) This decree was notified to the commune and executed the same day. That same day the Rue Royale lost its name and was transformed into the Rue de l’Égalité.

General council of the commune. Sitting of the evening of 21 September 1792.

It has been represented that the municipality having caused to be removed the different bronze figures whose union formed the monument called of the Maid, and this monument being unable to be replaced but at great cost, it would be proper to employ its material, whose weight amounts to 1,700 livres, for the fabrication of the four projected cannon.

The general council of the commune, considering that the law of 14 August 1792 ordains the conversion into mouths of fire of all bronze monuments and inscriptions, has unanimously resolved that the bronze figures forming the monument of the Maid shall be employed in the fabrication of the cannon, and that to preserve the memory of the monument of the Maid, one of the cannon shall bear the name of Joan of Arc, surnamed the Maid of Orléans.

General council of the commune. Sitting of 6 April 1793.

A member asks for the suppression of the railings which surround the pedestal where formerly was the monument of the Maid, to be converted into pikes. It was proposed to throw down the pedestal also; but the proposition was combated.

General council of the commune. Sitting of 26 July 1793.

The general council adopts the proposition of the Committee which proposes to cause the remains of the pedestal of the monument of the late Maid of Orléans to disappear.

LXII. Approval of Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul, of the Project to Erect a New Monument in Honour of Joan of Arc #

29 pluviôse year XI (18 February 1803).

Autograph apostille written on the petition which the municipal body of Orléans had addressed to the First Consul under the date of the 26th of the preceding pluviôse (15 February 1803). This note was printed by M. Lottin in his Recherches historiques sur la ville d’Orléans (part II, vol. IV, p. 349), when the piece from which it is drawn was still in the archives of the mairie of Orléans. It must have been stolen since, for it has passed at public sale in Paris in these latter times.

In virtue of this approval a subscription was opened, the proceeds of which served to defray the cost of the bronze statue placed today on the Place du Martroi. This monument was composed by the sculptor Gois the younger, after a terra-cotta which M. Lenoir had caused to be made for the Musée des Monuments français. It was inaugurated on the 18th floréal year XII (8 May 1804).

The deliberation of the municipal council is most agreeable to me. The illustrious Joan of Arc has proved that there is no miracle which the French genius cannot operate when national independence is threatened. United, the French nation has never been vanquished; but our neighbours, abusing the frankness and loyalty of our character, constantly sowed among us those dissensions whence were born the calamities of the epoch in which the French heroine lived, and all the disasters that our history recalls.

LXIII. Acquisition of Joan of Arc’s House by the Département of the Vosges #

Deed of sale of 20 June 1818 and approving Ordinance of the following 5 October, printed in the Histoire abrégée de la vie et des exploits de Jeanne d’Arc, by M. Jollois, p. 181.

The house, at the moment of the sale, was engaged in a mass of buildings erected around it, and, it may be said, at its expense, since, to give more appearance to the latter, it had been despoiled of its mouldings and sculptures. As soon as the acquisition was made, not only were its ornaments restored to it, but further the parasitic buildings which obstructed it were demolished, so as to isolate it on all its faces. On the surplus of the ground, a garden has been laid out and two pavilions erected, one occupied by a girls’ school, the other serving for the reception of visitors. A railing placed between these two pavilions permits the house to be seen on the side of its principal front. It is in stone, ceiled and covered with a roof of a single slope. It is composed of four little rooms below, one of which is furnished with an antique chimney; the upper floor, made under the roof, is properly speaking only a loft. Modest as this little edifice is, it is wrongly regarded as the cottage where Joan of Arc came into the world. The solidity of the building reveals by itself a research which would not have been in the tastes of a simple family of husbandmen. The d’Arcs, having become gentlemen, raised this more durable dwelling in the place of the ancestral cabin. The date of this reconstruction is presumably the one read above the entry door. The coping of this door, put back in place since 1818, forms a tympanum arched in ogee, whose field, divided into several compartments by ribs in relief, bears the following inscriptions:

Under the angle of the ogee: Vive le labeur + [Long live labour]

Immediately below this first inscription: de mil cccc — iiijxx + i [in the year one thousand four hundred fourscore and one]

At the very bottom of the tympanum: Vive + le + roy + Louis + [Long live King Louis]

Three escutcheons accompany these devices: one (mutilated in 1830) with the arms of France; another with the arms of the Maid; the third charged with three ploughshares with a star in the abyss. These last arms are found again in the church of Domrémy, engraved on the tomb of Jacob Thiesselin, who died in 1483. The union of the Thiesselin escutcheon with that of the du Lys is explained quite naturally by the fact that the head of the d’Arc family, and consequently the possessor of the house, in 1481, was Claude du Lys, eldest son of Jean, brother of the Maid, married to Nicolle Thiesselin. It is known besides by authentic acts that this Claude du Lys administered the villages of Domrémy and of Greux, as fiscal procurator of several lords who enjoyed in indivision the property of those places (1). All agrees then, as well as can be, to date the little manor of Domrémy from the last years of Louis XI. To judge by the tenor of the inscriptions given above, it would not even be improbable that that monarch contributed to it of his moneys. A precious decoration, and quite worthy of royal munificence, formerly enhanced the frontage of the edifice: the exploits of the Maid had been painted upon it; Michel de Montaigne still saw something of it in 1580 (1); but the last vestiges of colour and even of plaster have long disappeared.

(1) All these details on the nephew of Joan of Arc are found, with allegation of the pieces in support, in the Traité sommaire tant du nom que des armes de la Pucelle, etc., revised in 1628, p. 20.

(1) The passage of this illustrious writer deserves to be given entire. It is found in the Journal of his journey in Italy: Domrémy on the Meuse, three leagues from Vaucouleurs, whence was native that famous Maid of Orléans who was called Joan d’Ay (see above, p. 150) or d’Alis. Her descendants were ennobled by favour of the king; and they showed us the arms that the king gave them, which are azure, a sword upright, crowned and hilted gold, and two fleurs-de-lis of gold beside the said sword; whereof a receiver of Vaucouleurs gave a painted escutcheon to M. de Caselis. The front of the little house where she was born is all painted with her deeds; but age has much corrupted the painting. There is also a tree along a vine which is called the Tree of the Maid, which has nothing else to remark.

(2) The town of Orléans, to reward him, had a medal struck for him.

Wholly forgotten by the French, Joan of Arc’s house received in 1815, probably because of Schiller’s tragedy, the visit of the princes of the house of Austria. The archduke Ferdinand, today emperor, caused parcels of wood and stone to be detached from it, which he carried off as precious relics. Following his example, all the people of his suite wished to have some. A Prussian officer, outbidding the others, even testified a desire to acquire the sculptures of the door, and as he could not obtain them from the proprietor, he offered him six thousand francs for the whole house: a proposition which was likewise repelled. The proprietor was a man named Gérardin, a man of small fortune, but who kept his house as a sacred thing, claiming to hold it by uninterrupted succession from the collaterals of the Maid. His disinterestedness appeared above all in that later, when it was a question of ceding it to the département of the Vosges, he accepted the bargain at the price of two thousand five hundred francs (2).

M. Jollois, engineer-in-chief at Épinal at the epoch of the acquisition, put the places in the state in which they are seen today. I do not believe however that it was he who caused to be placed above the coping of the door a kneeling stone statue which wrongly passes for an authentic portrait of the Maid. This piece of sculpture is of the epoch of Louis XIII and seems to me to be the copy of another statue which the Hordals, issue of the du Lys, had caused to be erected in the cathedral of Toul in honour of their illustrious kinswoman. This copy was above the door of Gérardin, on the frontispiece demolished in 1818. It is specified in the deed of sale under the denomination of bust, because at that time it was engaged in the wall to above the waist.

In the interior of the house there is a reduced copy of the statue due to the chisel of the princess Marie. On the wall of the back of the principal room is sealed a table of white marble bearing the following inscription:

IN THE YEAR MCCCCXII
WAS BORN IN THIS PLACE
JOAN OF ARC
SURNAMED THE MAID OF ORLÉANS
DAUGHTER OF JACQUES D’ARC AND OF ISABELLE ROMÉE
TO HONOUR HER MEMORY
THE GENERAL COUNCIL OF THE DÉPARTEMENT OF THE VOSGES
HAS ACQUIRED THIS HOUSE
THE KING
HAS ORDAINED ITS RESTORATION
HAS FOUNDED THEREIN A SCHOOL OF FREE INSTRUCTION
IN FAVOUR OF THE YOUNG GIRLS
OF DOMRÉMY, OF GREUX AND OTHER COMMUNES
AND HAS WILLED THAT A FOUNTAIN ADORNED
WITH THE BUST OF THE HEROINE
SHOULD PERPETUATE HER IMAGE
AND THE EXPRESSION OF PUBLIC
GRATITUDE.
THESE WORKS WERE FINISHED THE XXV AUGUST
MDCCCXX.

As this inscription says, Louis XVIII in fact granted, upon his privy purse, a sum of twenty thousand francs to the commune of Domrémy: to wit, twelve thousand francs to erect a monument to the memory of Joan of Arc, and to build a girls’ school adjoining the house; and eight thousand francs for the capital of an annuity of four hundred francs destined for the remuneration of a sister of charity, mistress of the school. With so feeble resources, M. Jollois could not raise anything very monumental. His fountain is an aedicule of the Tuscan order, sustained by four pillars between which is set a poor bust of the Maid. The water which escaped from the base of this monument was that of the famous fountain of the Gooseberries. It has ceased to flow because of a leak in the conduits.

There will be found in the Histoire abrégée de Jeanne d’Arc very carefully executed engravings of the fountain, of the house in its ancient state, of the sculptures belonging thereto, and finally the plan of the property as it lay at the terms of the deed of sale, which is this:

Deed of sale.

On the twentieth of June one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, at Domrémy-la-Pucelle, three hours after noon; before Claude Edme, notary, resident at and for the arrondissement of Neufchâteau,

Was present Nicolas Gérardin, dragoon in the service of France, retired by reason of wounds received in the defence of the French territory, at present vine-dresser, domiciled at the said Domrémy-la-Pucelle, his native country;

Who, determined by the desire to make to the inhabitants of the département of the Vosges a concession agreeable to them, and still more by the love of his country and of the king, his well-beloved sovereign, has well and voluntarily and of his free will declared to cede and transfer in full property, with promise to warrant as is expressed by the law:

To the département of the Vosges, of which the village of Domrémy forms part, acting by M. Boula de Colombiers, master of requests, knight of the royal order of the Legion of Honour, prefect of the said département, and by MM. the members of the General Council, accepting in the present case by M. Florentin Muel, proprietor of forges, domiciled at that of Sionne, one of the members of the said General Council, also appearing in person;

The house which he inhabits in this place of Domrémy, coming to him from of old, as only child and sole heir of Albert Gérardin his father deceased, and belonging originally to Jacques d’Arc and to Isabelle Romée, to Joan of Arc, their daughter, surnamed the Maid of Orléans, who dwelt in it, and in which she was born, at the latest in the year 1412, moreover as is of all notoriety and certain tradition;

As the said house is contained actually from top to bottom and through and through with all its buildings, its kitchen garden at the back, the bust of the said Joan of Arc, placed outside, above the cover of the principal entry, its grounds and surroundings, both exterior and interior, its easements and dependencies, in front, behind and on each side, without reserving anything thereof; the whole situated near the church of the said Domrémy, in the Rue du Moulin, between Toussaint Humblot, on the north; Élophe Liétard, on the south; having its principal lights and entries on the said street to the east; bounded on the west by the daughters Boudin and the said Élophe Liétard;

Thus transferred, free of all quit-rents, charges, servitudes and financial dues, for the département to make and dispose thereof in full property and enjoyment, reckoning from this day, nevertheless under the reservations hereafter:

This cession thus made and consented by the said Gérardin, on the condition that, whatever be in future the disposition of the place, its principal object, and whatever be the changes which it may undergo, he shall be the guardian thereof so long as he shall live; moreover, so long as by his conduct he shall deserve to be charged with this guardianship; which guard he asks, moreover, as a special favour, and to maintain him and his family in the remembrance of a habitation to which he was attached, by reason of the virtues and heroism of Joan of Arc.

For and in consideration, moreover, of the sum of two thousand five hundred francs in principal, on account whereof he acknowledges having received at this instant, by the hands and of the moneys of my said lord Muel, the sum of six hundred francs, whereof for so much receipt; as for the sum of one thousand nine hundred francs remaining, M. Muel engages to make the payment thereof into the hands of the said Gérardin, at the latest within one year, dated this day, and without interests until then; an obligation which the same Muel has, in case of need, declared to contract personally and directly towards the said Gérardin, whom he authorises moreover to exact of him the execution thereof, without regard to the quality under which he contracts here in the name of the département of the Vosges; a clause which M. Muel caused to be inserted here expressly in testimony of the good will which the same Gérardin showed in making him this concession, recommending moreover the said vendor to the benevolence of the authorities of the département, and to the bounties of His Majesty, of whom he has nothing more at heart than to render himself worthy, in consideration of the numerous family with which he is charged, and of the state of poverty in which he finds himself.

Whereof deed read to the parties, made and passed in the house sold, in the presence of MM. Jean-Baptiste-Laurent Humblot, mayor of the commune, and Claude-Joseph Boucirot, priest serving the succursal of Maxey-sur-Meuse, domiciled at the said Domrémy-la-Pucelle, known witnesses, required and undersigned with the appearers and the notary, the year and day abovesaid.

Registered at Neufchâteau, the 29 June 1818, vol. LXIX, fol. 58, verso 6, pp. 1 and following; provisionally received one franc ten centimes, according to the order of M. Boiteux, director, pursuant to his letter of the twentieth June.

Signed POIRAULT.

For copy in conformity delivered ex officio under this form, at the requisition of M. the Prefect of the département of the Vosges, by the instrumenting notary undersigned EDMÉ.

Royal ordinance.

Louis, by the grace of God, king of France and of Navarre;

On the report of our minister secretary of state for the department of the interior;

Our council of state heard,

We have ordained and ordain what follows:

Art. 1st. The acquisition made of the house of Joan of Arc, commune of Domrémy, département of the Vosges, for the price fixed at two thousand five hundred francs, to be paid on the funds of the département, conformably to the wish of the General Council and to the advice of the prefect, is and remains approved at the clauses and conditions carried in the act passed in this regard, before notary, on 20 June 1818, and for the registration whereof only one franc shall be paid.

Art. 2. Our minister secretary of state for the department of the interior is charged with the execution of the present ordinance.

Given at our castle of the Tuileries, the 5 August of the year of grace 1818, and of our reign the twenty-fourth. Signed LOUIS.

By the king, the minister secretary of state for the department of the interior. Signed LAINÉ.

LXIV. Pieces Pointed Out by Sundry Modern Authors and Which Could Not Be Found Again #

1429.

Nicolas Rommée, called de Vouthon, professed religious in the abbey of Cheminon, Cistercian order, diocese of Châlons, receives dispensation from his abbot, at the request of the Maid and by commandment of the king, to follow the said Maid to the armies to serve her as chaplain and almoner, as being her cousin-german.

This piece is thus reported in the Traité sommaire du nom et des armes de la Pucelle, revised in 1628; an opuscule composed by one of the members of the Dulys family.

Same year.

Letter of the Maid to the king of Navarre.

Indication entered in the table of the archives of the Parliament of Le Nain, a voluminous manuscript inventory which the Bibliothèque Royale possesses. Reference is made to register 70, folio 67; but this figure relates to a classification which has no longer existed for a long time, and all researches to find again the piece in question, in the judicial section of the archives of the realm, have been fruitless.

Same year (?)

Petition presented by the good Viscountess of Milan, to the Maid, to be re-established in the duchy of Milan.

By viscountess, understand Visconti. It is the Orléanais historian Lemaire who thus cites this piece (Histoire et antiquitez de la ville et duché d’Orléans, p. 197). He draws from it the proof that Joan was regarded in her lifetime as sent from heaven, because of the superscription, which was thus conceived: To the most honoured and most devout Maid, Joan, sent by the King of heaven for the reparation and extirpation of the English tyrannising France.

1430.

Piece stating that there was public mourning at Tours, at the news of the capture of Joan of Arc.

Carreau, author of an unpublished history of Touraine of which the manuscript is at the Bibliothèque Royale (vol. XXVIII of the D. Housseau collection), summarises in the following terms this document, whose nature he does not indicate: Public prayers were ordered to ask God for her deliverance (of the Maid). A general procession was made on the Wednesday following, at which the canons of the cathedral church, the secular and regular clergy of the town assisted, all marching barefoot.

1431.

Sermon of Guillaume Erard, pronounced in the cemetery of Saint-Ouen of Rouen on 24 May, the day of the abjuration of the Maid.

Edmond Richer cites it among the original documents which he consulted to compose his Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, of which the manuscript entered the Library with the Fontanieu collection (vol. numbered P. 285).

1473.

Louis XI withdraws the trial of the Maid from the Chambre des Comptes, where it had been deposited, to cause it to pass into the Trésor des Chartes.

Indication given by the ancient inventories of the Chambre des Comptes, which refer to folio 91 of the Registre mémorial numbered O. This register perished in the fire of the Palais, in 1723, and the piece does not appear to have been copied anteriorly: at least it is not found in the known collections.

It is to be noted that the deposit of the trial in the Trésor des Chartes had been requested by the persons interested in the Maid, in 1455. See the last article of their request, p. 261 of vol. II.

Testimonies Extracted from Account Books #

Arrival of the Maid in France #

Extract from the 8th account of Guillaume Charrier, receiver-general of all the finances, folio 194 of the destroyed original register of the Chambre des Comptes of Paris; printed by Godefroy, p. 907 of the Histoire de Charles VII.

To Jean de Metz, squire, the sum of one hundred livres for the defraying of him and other people of the company of the Maid lately come to the king our sire, from the country of Barrois, of the costs which they have made in the town of Chinon, and which they must make in the journey they have intention of making to serve the said lord in the army ordained by him for the succour of Orléans; which sum has been granted to the abovesaid by letters of the king of the 21st day of April 1429.

Equipment of the Maid #

Extract from the 13th and last account of master Hémon Raguier, treasurer of the wars, formerly preserved in original in the Chambre des Comptes of Paris; printed by De la Roque, ch. XII of his Traité de la noblesse.

To the persons hereafter named, the sum of 450 livres tournois which, in the month of April 1429 after Easter, by the ordinance and commandment of the king our sire, has been paid and given by the said treasurer [M. Hémon Raguier]; to wit: To Jean de Metz, for the expense of the Maid, 200 livres tournois; — To the master armourer, for a complete harness for the said Maid, 100 livres tournois; — To the said Jean de Metz and his companion, to aid him in having harness to arm and clothe themselves, to be in the company of the said Maid, 125 livres tournois; — And to Hauves Poulnoir, painter, dwelling at Tours, for having painted and supplied stuffs for a great standard and a little one for the Maid, 25 livres tournois; — as appears by letters patent of the king our said lord, given at Chinon the 10th day of May in the said year 1429, addressed to master Regnier de Boullegny, general counsellor on the business and government of all the finances, and by him expedited the 15th day of the said month of May in the said year; by which it is commanded that on rendering them and receipts thereon of the abovesaid only, the said sum be allowed in the accounts and abated from the receipt of the said treasurer by my Lords of the accounts, without any difficulty or contradiction, notwithstanding whatsoever ordinances, mandates and prohibitions to the contrary. Therefore, by virtue of the said letters and receipts here rendered, the said sum of four hundred and fifty livres tournois, of which one hundred livres tournois must be deducted for the said armourer, of whom no receipt is here rendered: for this only, three hundred and fifty livres tournois.

First Sojourn of the Maid at Orléans #

Extracts from the original schedules, called Comptes de forteresse, in the Orléans Library, bundle I, pieces 4, 5, 14, 16, and bundle II, p. 47.

To Jean Vollent, for a half-muid of oats given to Joan the Maid, 108 s. parisis.

To Jaquet Leprestre, for seven pints of wine presented to Joan the Maid on the first day of May, at 2 s. the pint, worth 14 s. p.

To Raoulet de Recourt, for a shad presented to the Maid on the 3rd of May, 20 s. p. [sic]

To Jean Lecamus, for a gift to three companions who had come to find Joan and had nothing to eat, 4 s. p.

To Jacquet Compaing, for half an ell of two yards bought to make the nettles of the dresses (1) for the Maid, 35 s. p.

For those who carried the torches of the town [of Orléans] at the procession of the 3rd of May last, Joan the Maid and other chiefs of war being present, to implore Our Lord for the deliverance of the said town of Orléans; for this 2 s. p.

To Guyot Lebrun, saddler, for the purchase of a sumpter-saddle and for a hutch, lock, straps, girth, and for cloths to line it within, without the cover, given to Joan the Maid; for all, 76 s. p.

To Jean Pillas, for expense made in his hostelry by the horses of Joan the Maid, which was ordained to be paid; for this 20 l. p.

To Jacques Bouchier, treasurer, for a certain quantity of picks and shovels given in the Chamber of the town, of which he demanded 14 livres tournois which he had paid therefor; and for some expense made by Joan the Maid in his hostelry, and for the amendment of about 20 francs of money which he had given in wood and to the carpenters for the town; for all this, 30 l. p.

To Jean Morchoasne, for money given to Thevenon Villedart, for the expense which the brothers of the Maid made in his hostelry, 6 l. 8 s. p.

To him, for money given to the said brothers for a gift made to them, three gold crowns which cost each 64 s. p., worth 9 l. 12 s. p.

To Jean, brother of the Maid, for a gift made to him by the town to aid him in living and sustaining his state, 40 l. p.

To Charlot Lelong, for three pairs of boots and three pairs of shoes, owed to him by the brothers of the Maid, 72 s. p.

(1) Nettles disposed in borders formed part of the livery of Duke Charles of Orléans. See the Catalogue des Archives de Joursanvault, no. 3541.

Deliverance of Orléans #

Extract from the original register of the journeys made for the town of Tours, from 1 November 1428 to 31 October 1429, in the Archives of the mairie of Tours. Communicated by M. Salmon.

To Jean Colez, rider of the stable of the king our sire, the sum of 10 l. tournois which, by ordinance of the churchmen, burgesses and inhabitants of the town [of Tours], have been ordained to be given and granted to him for the good and joyous news by him brought to this town, in the month of June (1) last past, of the capture made by the Maid, Mgr. de Rays and the people of their company, of the bastilles which the English had made before Orléans, where they were lodged and held the siege, and of the battle and discomfiture made by her against the said English. Therefore, paid to the said Jean Colez, by mandate of the said élus, given the 8th day of July 1429 and receipt thereon here rendered: 10 livres.

(1) Read May.

Expedition of Jargeau #

Extract from the 8th account of Guillaume Charrier, already mentioned above, p. 257; published likewise by Godefroy, p. 897 of the Histoire de Charles VII.

To Messire Gilles de Rais, counsellor and chamberlain of the king our sire and marshal of France, the sum of one thousand livres which the king our said lord, by his letters patent given the 21st June 1429, ordained to be given him, to recompense him somewhat for the great costs, outlays and expenses which he had to make, in order lately to have put himself forward, and assembled by the king’s ordinance a certain great company of men-at-arms and of shot, and to have maintained them to employ in his service, in the company of Joan the Maid, in order to reduce to the obedience of the said lord the town of Jargeau which the English held.

Extract from the original schedules (Comptes de forteresse) of the Orléans Library, bundle no. II, pieces 20 and 34.

To Jacquet Compaing, to give to Orléans the herald, for having been at Selles, to the Maid, the fourth day of June, to tell news of the English, 6 l. 8 s. par.

For two signs and their making, made to mark the picks, mattocks, shovels and other things of war given to Joan to go make the siege of Jargeau; for this, 16 s. p.

To him, for money given to Jean Leclerc who was with François Joachim, to the Maid, on behalf of the town, 16 s. p.

To Pierre Baratin, to give to Chauvin and to Thomas d’Ivoy, who made their six days (1) at Jargeau when the Maid was there; which are twelve days. For each day 6 s. 4 d. p., worth 76 s. p.

(1) I believe one should read leur sizaine, space of six days, an interpretation sufficiently indicated by the end of the article.

Battle of Patay #

Extract from the register of the Mairie of Tours, cited above, p. 260.

To Estienne de La Fontaine, rider of the stable of the king our sire, the sum of 6 livres tournois to him given and paid by the ordinance of the people of the said town [of Tours], for having brought the letters sent by the king our said lord, making mention of the battle of which Mgr. the Duke of Alençon, Mgr. the Count of Vendôme and the Maid were chiefs, against the English, their ancient enemies, in routing them and dislodging them from Mehun; and it was the 18th day of this present month; of which English there were, both slain and taken, two thousand five hundred; and there were taken Talbot, Fastolf, Hungerford, Ramston, Scales and other captains and English who had newly come to the said Mehun. And for these good tidings, there was given to the said rider the sum of 6 livres. Therefore paid, by mandate of the said élus given the 22nd day of June 1429, and receipt thereon here rendered: 6 livres.

Capture of Beaugency #

Extracts from the original schedules (Comptes de forteresse) of the Orléans Library, bundle no. I, pieces 5 and 6; bundle II, p. 25.

To Jean Morchoasne, for the sale of a tun of wine which was sent to Joan at Beaugency by Jean Mahy and Jean Boillève, and cost 16 gold crowns; at 64 s. p. each crown, worth 51 l. 4 s. p.

To him, for the purchase of 12 dozen loaves sent likewise to the said Joan, 9 l. 12 s. p.

To Massot Bariaut, for having drawn clear a tun of wine taken at Jean Morchoasne’s, given to the Maid, 6 s. p.

To Jean Boillève, for having been on behalf of the town [of Orléans] to Beaugency, to present to Joan a tun of wine and twelve dozen loaves; and for the salary of the boatman, 64 s. p.

To Robin le Bocant, serjeant, for the expense of himself and a horse, in having come from Beaugency to Orléans, by the ordinance of Joan, to fetch powders when the siege was there, 16 s. p.

Embassy of the Duke of Brittany to the Maid #

Dom Morice, vol. I, p. 508 of his Histoire de Bretagne (see also Lobineau, vol. I, p. 580), after the account of the treasurer Mauléon, formerly in the archives of the Chambre des Comptes of Nantes, which is no longer found today.

The Duke of Brittany deputed brother Yves Milbeau, his confessor, and Hermine, his herald-at-arms, to the Maid, to compliment her on her victory (1).

He afterwards sent her a dagger and several horses of price by the lord of Rostrenen, Auffroy Guinot and a pursuivant-at-arms, who went on his part to the court of France.

(1) Consult in this regard the testimony of the German chronicler Eberhard de Windecken, given in our fourth volume, p. 498.

Journey and Sojourn at Reims #

Extracts from the register of the Mairie of Tours, cited above, pp. 260 and 262.

To Jean Ortie, rider of the stable of Mgr. d’Orléans, the sum of one hundred sous tournois to him given and paid by the ordinance of the people of the said town [of Tours], for the good news which he brought to the said town, by the copy of certain closed letters, sent by Mgr. d’Alençon to Madame his wife being at Orléans; of which letters he brought the copy to this town, the 20th day of July last past, to Madame d’Alençon the elder (2) and to the people of the said town, making mention of the entry and reception made for the king our said lord, my said lord of Alençon, the Maid and all their company, in the towns of Auxerre, of Troyes in Champagne and other towns, in going from Gien to Reims to be there consecrated and crowned; whereupon, after the said letters seen, great solemnity was made in the said town, both in the churches thereof and otherwise. For this, by mandate of the said élus, given the first day of August 1429, and receipt thereon here rendered: 100 sous.

(2) The dowager duchess of Alençon, Marie de Bretagne.

To Thomas Scot, rider of the stable of the king our sire, the sum of 8 l. tournois to him given and paid by the ordinance of the people of the said town, for the good news by him brought the 27th day of July last past, by letters sent to the people of the said town here attached, making mention of the sacrament and crowning made of the king, our said lord, in his town of Reims, and of the entry of him, Monseigneur d’Alençon, the Maid and their company; whereof for this great joy and solemnity was made in the said town. For this, by mandate of the said élus given the first day of August 1429, and receipt thereon here rendered: 8 livres.

Abridged extracts from the 13th account of Hémon Raguier, in the Gaignières manuscript, no. 772 (fol. 559), at the Bibliothèque Royale.

To Joan the Maid, for expense, 40 sous.

To Mathelin Raoul, clerk of the Maid… which the king gave him for a harness to arm himself.

Extract from the 3rd account of the patrimonial grants made on the common moneys of the town of Reims in 1428–1429, in ms. 659 of Du Puy at the Bibl. Royale. Printed less complete in the Archives législatives de Reims by M. Varin, vol. II of the Statuts, p. 722, note, and more anciently in the Recueil des Inscriptions en l’honneur de la Pucelle, edition of 1628, p. 123.

To Alis, widow of the late Raulin Moriau, hostess of the Striped Ass (1), for expenses made in her hostelry by the father of Joan the Maid, who was in the king’s company when he was consecrated in this town of Reims, ordained to be paid of the common moneys of the said town, the sum of 24 livres parisis, as appears more fully by the mandate of the said lieutenant, given the 18th day of the month of September 1429, and by the receipt of the said Alis, written on the back of the said mandate, here rendered. For this, 24 l. par.

(1) This hostelry was situated in the Rue du Parvis, before the cathedral. It has been replaced by that of the Maison-Rouge, on whose facade a marble plaque has been placed with the following inscription:

IN THE YEAR 1429
AT THE CORONATION OF CHARLES VII
IN THIS HOSTELRY THEN CALLED THE STRIPED ASS
THE FATHER AND MOTHER OF JOAN OF ARC
WERE LODGED AND DEFRAYED
BY THE TOWN COUNCIL.

Return from Reims #

Extracts from the 13th account of Hémon Raguier, printed by De La Roque, ch. XIII of his Traité de la noblesse.

To Joan the Maid, the sum of 243 livres tournois, strong money, and thirty gold ducats, which in the months of August and September 1429, by the ordinance and commandment of the king our sire, has been to her several times given and delivered by the said treasurer, to convert to the business of the expense ordained by her to be made, in the journey made by the said lord to Reims, for the business of his consecration and coronation; as appears by letters patent of the said lord, given at the castle of Gien the 22nd day of the said month of September in the said year 1429, addressed to master Regnier de Boullegny, general counsellor on the business and government of all the finances, and by him expedited the 23rd day of the said month of September that year; by which the said lord commands that, upon rendering them and receipt thereon of Mathelin Raoul, ordained to make the expense of the said Joan, only, the said sum be allowed in the accounts and abated from the receipt of the said treasurer by my Lords of the accounts, without any contradiction or difficulty; notwithstanding that the said receipt precedes in date the said letters, and whatsoever ordinances or mandates to the contrary. For this, by virtue of the said letters and receipt here rendered, the said sum of 243 l. t. and thirty gold ducats, of which must be deducted 151 l. t., strong money…

To Joan the Maid, the sum of 236 l. t., strong money, which in the months of August and September 1429, by commandment and ordinance of the king our sire, has been given and paid to her by the said treasurer [Hémon Raguier]; to wit: For a horse which the said lord caused to be given and delivered to her at Soissons, in the said month of August, 38 l. 10 s. tournois; — For another horse which likewise the said lord caused to be given and delivered to her at Senlis, in the said month of September, 137 l. 10 s. tournois; — And at Reims, which the said lord caused to be given and delivered to her, to give to her father, 60 livres tournois; — as appears by letters patent of the said lord given at the castle of Gien, the 22nd day of the said month of September in the said year 1429, addressed to master Regnier de Boullegny, general, etc., and by him expedited the 23rd day of the said month of September that year, etc.: two hundred and thirty-six livres tournois, strong money.

Extract from the register of the mairie of Tours, which continues that cited above, pp. 260, 262 and 264. Communication made by M. Vallet de Viriville.

To Henriet Casse, rider or pursuivant of Mgr. the Count of Vendôme, the sum of 15 l. t. to him due, etc.… for having carried with him where he was to go, to the king our sire and my said lord of Vendôme, being then before the town of Paris with a power of men-at-arms and of shot, in their company Mgr. d’Alençon, the Maid and other lords, which town of Paris was and is held and occupied by the English and Burgundians, enemies and adversaries of the king our sire; and because on the way he learned that the king our said lord had departed and was returning to Bourges, he took the said road of Bourges and left the said road of Paris, and went to the said place of Bourges and gave to master Jean le Picart, secretary of the king our said lord, three vidimus made under the contracts of the king our said lord, etc., etc.… For this, by mandate given the last day of September 1429, 15 livres.

Expenses Made by the Town of Orléans for the Siege of La Charité #

Original schedules of the Orléans Library, already cited; bundle II, piece 43.

To Jean Voiau, captain of men-at-arms, sent to La Charité, for his salary for having been to the said place of La Charité on behalf of the town; to him ordained 24 l. p.

To him, to give and distribute to the companions where he should see it needful in the said journey, because they had small salary: 6 l. 8 s. p.

To Jacquet Compaing, to give to Fauveau and Gervaise le Fèvre, players of culverins, to go to the said place, 9 l. 12 s. p.

To him, for money given to 89 companions sent to the said place on behalf of the town, to each of them 4 l. For value, for all: 356 l. p.

To brother Jacques, cordelier, gone in the said journey, 4 l. 16 s. p.

To Colin le Godelier, for his cart and three horses, and two varlets, sent with the abovesaid to lead the habiliments of war, where they were for 16 days; for this, 13 l. 12 s. p.

To Jaquet Compaing, for 52 ells of pers (1) bought of him, to make the heuques given to the abovesaid companions sent to the said place of La Charité; 14 s. for the ell, worth 36 l. 8 s. p.

To him, for 18 ells of other better pers, bought to perfect the said heuques, at 16 s. p. the ell, worth 14 l. 8 s. p.

To him, for five quarters of blanchet (2) to make the crosses on the said heuques, at the price of 16 s. p. the ell, worth 20 s. p.

To him, to give to Jean Bourgoiz, tailor, for having made 105 heuques for the said companions, by bargain made with him, 8 l. 8 s. p.

To him, to give to Mahiet for having made the fashion of the standard, freshened and dressed the banner of the town and made the nettles on the heuques; for all, 6 l. 8 s. p.

(1) Coarse blue cloth.

(2) Light white cloth.

The Portrait of the Maid Exhibited in Germany #

Extract from an account of expenses (Stadtrechnung) of the town of Ratisbon, published in M. De Hormayr’s Taschenbuch. The editor reports that this exhibition coincides with the sojourn of the Emperor Sigismund at Ratisbon, in 1429. The expense is made by the magistrates of the town.

Item mehr haben wir gebe von dem Gemael zu schaun wie die Junkchfraw zu Frankreich gefochten hat, 24 pfennig (1).

(1) Item, we gave to see the picture which represents how the Maid fought in France, 24 pfennigs.

The Maid at Orléans in the Month of January 1430 #

Original schedules of Orléans, already cited; bundle I, pieces 11 and 20.

To Jean Morchoasne, for money given for the purchase of six capons, nine partridges, thirteen rabbits and one pheasant, presented to Joan the Maid, master Jean de Velly, master Jean Rabateau and my lord of Mortemar, the 19th day of January: 6 l. 12 s. 4 d. p.

To Jaquet Leprestre, for 52 pints of wine presented to the abovesaid at two repasts, the said day, 52 s. p.

To Isambert Bocquet, tailor, for a doublet given to the brother of the Maid, 29 s. p.

Liberality Made to the Painter of the Maid #

Extract from the accounts of the common moneys of the town of Tours, published by M. Vallet de Viriville, Biblioth. de l’Éc. des chartes, first series, IV, p. 490.

To Colas de Montbazon, for him and Heuves Polnoir, painter, given by mandate of the Élus [of the town of Tours], given the 19th day of February in the year 1429, here rendered with receipt thereon, the sum of 4 l. 10 s. t. which was due to them, to wit, to the said Colas 40 sous tournois, for four jalayes of white and claret wine given on behalf of the said town, the 9th day of this month, to Héliote, daughter of the said Heuves, who on that day was married, and to the said Heuves, 50 s. t. to be converted into bread for the nuptials of the said daughter, for the honour of Joan the Maid who had recommended the said daughter to the said town by her closed letters, here rendered; for this, 4 l. 10 s. t. (1).

(1) See above, p. 154, the deliberations relative to this marriage.

Trial of Condemnation #

Extracts from the accounts of the treasurer of the chapter of the cathedral of Rouen for the year 1431, communicated by M. Chéruel, professor of history, after the original ms. of the departmental archives of Seine-Inférieure.

To my lords and masters R. Roussel, N. de Venderés, J. Pinchon, vicars; J. Garin, treasurer, and J. Basset, official, for the half of the king’s obit (2), which was the first day of March, who were hindered for the business of the faith (1), by ordinance and commandment of my Lords of the chapter, by receipt here rendered: 33 s. 4 d.

(2) It was a foundation that Charles V had made in 1367. It consisted in a rent of 458 l. 15 s. which the chapter levied on the halls and mills of Rouen (note of M. Chéruel).

(1) Processus in causa fidei, say the acts of the condemnation. It is indeed the Maid’s trial that is in question. Moreover the following articles say it in express terms.

To master Nicole Coppequesne, who was with my said lords, for the half of the said obit: 6 s. 8 d.

To six of my lords of the church [of Rouen], by commandment of my Lords of the chapter, there was given, the 13th day of August, for the half of the king’s obit of the first of April, being at that hour in the council for the business of the Maid, to each 6 s. 5 d., by schedule here rendered: 38 s. 6 d.

Item, the 13th day of August, by order of my said lords, there was paid to six of my lords, to each 6 s. 8 d. for the mass of the king’s obit of the second of April, being at that hour in the council for the business of the Maid.

Canons of Rouen Imprisoned Because of the Maid #

Same source as the articles of the preceding paragraph. — Although the Maid is not named there, the motive of the persecution is evident, above all if one refers to the more than reserved conclusions of Jean Basset, when he was consulted at the end of the month of April. See vol. I, p. 348.

To my lords J. Basset, official, and J. Regis, promoter, for part of their expense made in the gaol of the Castle, by commandment of my said lords, the 9th day of May 1431, by schedule here rendered: 20 l.

To my said lords J. Basset and J. Regis, for part of their expense made in the said gaol, by commandment of my said lords, the 22nd day of May, by schedule here rendered: 20 l.

To Robin Raoulin, Jean Lecauchoiz, Jean Le Prévost, Jean Duquesnoy and master Martin Loyson, counsellors in the lay court, who had laboured for the business of my lords the official and the promoter, by commandment of my said lords, to each one a salut d’or, by schedule here rendered, five saluts d’or, worth in money 7 l. 4 s. 8 d.

To master Jean Pinchon, by order of my said lords, for the writing of a doléance made for the business of my lords the official and the promoter, 4 s. 6 d. — To him, for a supplication for the business aforesaid, 7 s. 6 d. — To master Jean Geoffroy, for the seal of the said doléance, 7 s. 6 d. Thus for all: 19 s. 6 d.

To master Nicole Midi, by commandment of my said lords, for two gallons of wine presented to him for a collation by him made for the despatch of my said lords J. Basset and J. Regis, by schedule here rendered: 13 s. 4 d.

To master Jean Alespée, by the ordinance of my said lords, for having given to dine two of the chaplains of Mgr. the Cardinal (1), to procure the deliverance of my lords the official and the promoter, by schedule here rendered: 65 s. 10 d.

(1) The cardinal of England, Winchester.

Anniversaries of the Death of Joan at Orléans (1) #

Extracts from the first four registers of the accounts of receipts and expenses of the Town Hall of Orléans, today in the Orléans library.

(1) This ceremony must not be confounded with that which was celebrated from that time and is still celebrated at Orléans on 8 May, the anniversary day of the deliverance of the town. I have made a separate section of the documents which concern the festival of 8 May. As for the other service, which took place on the second eve of the Feast of Corpus Christi, no more trace of it is found on the town’s registers after 1439.

1432. — For nine livres of wax employed to make four tapers and a flambeau made for the anniversary at Saint-Samson, for the Maid Joan, 18 s. p.

1433. — To Jean Moynet, wax-chandler, for nine livres of wax set and employed in four tapers, twelve twists and a flambeau, for the anniversary of the late Joan the Maid, celebrated in the church of Saint-Samson of Orléans, the morrow-eve and eve of the Feast of God, 1435. For all this, 25 s. 6 d. p.

To Jaquet Leprestre, to pay eight religious of the four mendicant orders who sang eight masses of the dead in the said church, during the mass of the said anniversary. For this, 16 s. p.

1436. — To Jaquet Leprestre, to give to the twelve procurators to offer at the mass of the said anniversary, to each 4 d. p., as is accustomed. For this 4 s. p.

To Estienne le Paintre, for four escutcheons painted with the arms of the said late Joan the Maid, which were attached to the four tapers, 2 s. p.

1439. — To Gilet Morchoasne, for nine livres and a half of wax to make four tapers and a flambeau, for the obsequy of the late Joan the Maid, the morrow-eve of the Feast of God. For this, 22 s. 2 d. p.

Reception of the Elder Brother of the Maid at Orléans, in 1436 #

Same source as the preceding chapter, register of the year 1435–1436.

To the said Jacquet Leprestre, the 5th day of August 1436, in the morning, for ten pints and a chopine of wine taken at Jean Hatte’s, at the price of 10 d. p. the pint, given and presented to Jean, brother of the Maid (1). For this, 8 s. 9 d. p.

(1) It will be seen by our section of the Documents on the false Maid, that this journey of Jean du Lys had been prompted by the appearance of his pretended sister.

To Berthault Fournier, poulterer, for twelve fowls, twelve pigeons, two goslings and two leverets, given and presented to the said brother of the Maid, bought by Aignan de Saint-Mesmin (2) and Pierre Barratin. For this, 38 s. p.

(2) Witness at the rehabilitation trial. See vol. III, p. 29.

Liberalities of the Town of Orléans towards Isabelle d’Arc, from 1440 to 1458 #

Same provenance as the preceding chapter, year 1440–1441.

To Henriet Anquetil and Guillemin Bouchier, for having kept and governed Isabelle, mother of Joan the Maid, both in her illness and since; and she was there from the 7th day of July until the last day of August [1440]; to wit to the said Henriet, 9 l. 12 s. p., and to the said Guillemin Boucher, 57 s. 2 d. p. for bread and wine. For this, 12 l. 9 s. 2 d. p.

To the chambermaid who was with the late Messire Bertran, physician, who had kept the said sick woman; for this, 4 s. p.

To Henriet Anquetil, for the expense of the said Isabelle, and by bargain made with him, at forty-eight sous parisis per month; for this, half month of September, 24 s. p.

To Isabelle, mother of Joan, for her nourishment for the month of December, and by the ordinance of the Chamber; for this, 48 s. p.

To Isabelle, mother of Joan the Maid, for her living, and by the ordinance of the procurators of the town for the month of March; for this, 48 s. p. (1).

(1) It will be remarked that this article concerns the month of March 1440 before Easter, that is to say the month of March 1441. From that time the pension, served every month with the greatest regularity, recurs on the town’s accounts until 29 October 1458, when it was paid for the last time.

Year 1458–1459.

To Messire Pierre du Lis, knight, brother of the late Joan the Maid, the sum of 48 s. p. which by the procurators was ordained to be paid him, for the gift that the said town made each month to the late Isabelle, their mother, to aid her in living, and for the month of November last past [1458], in which month she deceased the 28th day; for which cause, the said sum was ordained to be given to the said Messire Pierre, her son, to do good for her soul and accomplish her testament. For this, given to him 48 s. p.

Commencement of the Proceedings for the Rehabilitation #

Extract from the 4th account of Mathieu Beauvarlet, receiver-general of the finances of the Languedoc, year 1452, printed by Godefroy (Histoire de Charles VII, p. 903), after the original formerly in the Chambre des Comptes of Paris.

To master Jean Bréhal, doctor in theology, religious of the order of Saint Augustine (1), inquisitor of the Catholic faith, the sum of thirty-seven livres ten sous in twenty gold crowns, to him given by the king our sire, in the month of December 1452, to aid himself in living in labouring at the business of the examination of the trial of the late Joan the Maid.

(1) Manifest error, since Bréhal was a Dominican.

The Sentence of Rehabilitation Executed at Orléans #

Extract from the registers of the Accounts of Orléans, already cited. Year 1456–1457.

To Bertault Fornier, poulterer, for twelve chickens, two young rabbits, twelve pigeons and a leveret, bought of him on Tuesday the 20th day of July [1457], by Cosme de Comy and Martin de Maubodet, who on the said day were presented on behalf of the said town to my lord the Bishop of Coutances; for this, 22 s. 8 d. p.

To Jean Pichon, for ten pints and a chopine of wine by him presented on behalf of the said town, at the dinner, to my said lord the Bishop of Coutances and to the inquisitor of the faith (2), at the said price of ten deniers: 8 s. 9 d. p.

(2) Richard de Longueil and Jean Bréhal, delegated judges for the rehabilitation.

To the said Pichon, to pay six men who, on the 21st July, carried the six torches of the town at a procession which was made the said day in the church of Saint-Samson of Orléans, by the ordinance of my said lords the Bishop of Coutances and the inquisitor of the faith, at the weight of each 8 d. p., and for the business of Joan the Maid; for this, 4 s. p.

Gift for the Marriage of the Nephew of the Maid at Orléans #

Same provenance as the preceding chapter, register of 1457–1458.

To Simon le Mazier, dwelling at the Enge, on Monday the 16th day of the month of July 1457, for fifty-one pints of wine, both white and claret, taken the said day in his hostelry and presented by the town at the dinner and supper of the nuptials of the son (1) of Messire Pierre du Lis, knight, brother of the late Joan the Maid; because he had come to make his village feast in this town and had no good old wine of provision to be able to feast and give pleasure to my lords of the justice and other notable people of the said town and from without, who had come to the said nuptials, 52 s. p.; to wit for fifteen pints of white wine, 10 s. p., and thirty-six pints of claret wine, at 14 d. the pint, 42 s. For this, paid to the said Simonnet, by the ordinance of the said procurators, 52 s. p.

(1) This son was Jean, called de la Pucelle. His marriage contract with Macée de Vezines, daughter of Jean de Vezines, squire, lord of Villers, near Orléans, was dated 22 March 1457. Traité sommaire du nom et des armes de la Pucelle, revised in 1628, p. 31.

To Michelet Filleul, one of the procurators, the sum of twenty livres tournois which, by the ordinance of the said procurators, was by him presented in the name of the town to the son of the said Messire Pierre du Lis, knight, on Tuesday the 19th day of the said month, in augmentation of his marriage, in consideration of the great goods, good and agreeable services that the late Joan the Maid, sister of the said Messire Pierre du Lis, did during the siege to this city of Orléans. For this, to the said Michelet, the said day, 16 l. p.

To the said Michelet, the said day, for a purse by him bought, in which he presented the abovesaid sum in money, 2 s. 4 d.

Liberalities of Charles VII, of Charles of Orléans and of Louis XI towards the du Lys Family #

Extracts from a register of the Chambre des Comptes of Paris, printed by De la Roque, ch. 43 of his Traité de la Noblesse.

To Messire Pierre du Lis, knight, brother of the Maid, six score and one livres for his pension of the year 1454 (1).

To Jean du Lis, brother of the Maid, squire, bailiff of Vermandois (2) and captain of Chartres, like sum for his pension of the year 1454.

(1) It is to be believed that this pension was granted him at the moment when the rehabilitation of his sister’s memory was being thought of, in 1452.

(2) Devisme and the other historians of Laon who drew up the list of the bailiffs of Vermandois were ignorant of the possession of this office by the brother of the Maid. They name in 1450 Jamet du Thillay, to whom they give as successor in 1457 the lord of Mouy, governor of Beauvais. Doubtless Jean du Lis had not the talents necessary to administer a government of so great importance. The bailiwick of Vermandois will have soon been taken from him to give him the captaincy of Vaucouleurs, of which it will be seen that he was discharged in 1468.

Extract from the account of the Graineterie of the grains belonging to the duchy of Orléans, for one year, beginning on Saint-John-the-Baptist’s day 1463, rendered in court by M. Hugues Lenois, secretary of the Duke of Orléans; chapter of Gifts and Remissions. Communicated by M. A. Salmon, after the ms. of Christine, no. 733 A (fol. 21) in the Vatican library.

To Messire Pierre du Liz, knight, brother of the late Joan the Maid, the sum of ten livres tournois, which my said lord the duke gave him in remembrance of the good and notable services which the said late Joan did to all this realm, in the recovery thereof, and namely during the siege laid by the English before the town of Orléans; the said sum to have and take of the moneys of the sales of wood of his forests, as appears by letters patent of the said lord, given in his castle of Blois, the eleventh day of June 1463, expedited by Messire Pierre de Reffuge, general of the finances of the said lord. For this, by virtue of the said letters of gift, with receipt of the said Messire Pierre du Liz written on the back thereof here rendered, 8 l. p.

Extract from an account of the year 1468 formerly in the Chambre des Comptes, preserved in ms. 772-2 (f. 417) of Gaignières, at the Bibliothèque Royale.

To Jean de Lys, brother of the late Joan the Maid, 25 livres in recompense of the captaincy of Vaucouleurs, which the king has given to my lord of Calabria.

Extract from an account of Gilles Cornu, changer of the treasury; extract printed by Godefroy, Histoire de Charles VII, p. 899.

To Jean de la Pucelle (1), son of the late Pierre du Lis, in his lifetime knight, brother of the late Joan the Maid, the sum of six score and five livres tournois, on the ordinary receipt of Vitry, for his pension, for the year 1472, as the said late Pierre du Lis, his father, had it formerly.

(1) Godefroy, who gives this extract, says that in the account of the preceding year the same Jean de la Pucelle is called Jean du Lis called de Vaucouleurs. But Godefroy is mistaken. The difference of surname was meant to indicate a difference of person; and nothing was more necessary to establish, since the uncle of Jean de la Pucelle was likewise called Jean. It was this uncle who was called Jean de Vaucouleurs, and that for the simple reason that he had been captain of Vaucouleurs.

Extract from the original register of the accounts from 1 January to 31 December 1478, in the Archives of the Realm, K. 290.

To Jean de la Pucelle, son of the late Pierre du Liz, in his lifetime knight, brother of the late Joan the Maid, the sum of six score and five livres tournois, to him ordained by the king our sire, for his pension of the year ending on the feast of the Magdalene 1478.

Documents Relating to the Institution and First Celebrations of the Festival of 8 May, Anniversary Day of the Deliverance of Orléans #

I. Chronicle of the Establishment of the Festival #

This piece, whose natural place would have been my fourth volume, was discovered only after the printing of that volume. M. Salmon has very recently published it in the Bibliothèque de l’École des chartes (vol. III of the second series). It comes from manuscript 891 of the Queen of Sweden, in the Vatican library, where it precedes, by way of explanatory notice, a transcription of the indulgences granted in the fifteenth century for the celebration of the festival of 8 May. The author does not make himself known. What may be said of him is that his narrative is that of an old man who speaks of things of which he was witness in his youth. His testimony completes or rectifies, on the occasion of the deliverance of Orléans, not only the Journal du siège, but several of the depositions entered in the trial.

In the year 1428, the English held their council in the country of England, and there it was ordained that the Earl of Salisbury should descend into the country of France, to conquer the lands of my lord of Orléans, whom they held prisoner since the year 1415, and who had been taken by them and made prisoner at a day’s fight which was Agincourt, at which day he was taken, and several other lords of France. To the said Earl of Salisbury was given of six to seven thousand English fighting men. And then my said lord of Orléans, informed of these things, considering the damage and destruction which he feared would come to his lands and lordships by reason of the said enterprise and mission of the said Earl of Salisbury, wishing to obviate it to his power, addressed himself to the said Earl of Salisbury, and commended his land to him; which Salisbury promised him that he would spare it, and for this my said lord of Orléans promised him six thousand gold crowns, to wit, to ransom (1) for him a jewel which he had in France. And of all this, the said Earl of Salisbury kept nothing; also it went ill with him for it, as you shall hear, for God punished him for it.

(1) An unusual form of the old verb remerer [to ransom].

The said Earl of Salisbury, to accomplish his evil will, notwithstanding the promise by him made to my said lord of Orléans, descended into the country of Normandy, held his route straight to Chartres, and took Nogent-le-Roi, and drew as far as Janville in Beauce, and there laid the siege, and in fact took the said place of Janville by assault. And seeing this, those of Meung-sur-Loire found means and surrendered without striking a blow. And then he went to lay the siege before Beaugency and before Jargeau, and there they surrendered. And meanwhile the said Earl of Salisbury came to pillage the place and church of Notre-Dame de Cléry, of which he did very ill, for at that time there was no man-at-arms who dared take anything there who was not forthwith punished for it, as everyone knows.

The abovesaid year, the thirteenth day of October, the said Earl of Salisbury arrived at the Portereau of Orléans, and the siege was laid; and that night the monastery of the Augustins was burned and thrown down, so that the said English should not lodge therein. And it was not long before he, Salisbury, gave assault to the said Portereau, to wit, to the boulevard at the bridge end, which was made only of faggots; and it lasted from four to five hours; and there were wounded my lord of Saintrailles and Guillaume de La Chapelle, who were captains; and there was such defence that they could do nothing that said day. And then after, they cut the said boulevard underneath, and so it was advised that it was expedient to abandon it. And on the Sunday after, assault was given to the Tourelles towards morning, and at that hour they did nothing. And on the same day, about two hours after noon, Salisbury gave the assault and in fact took the said Tourelles, for there was no man-at-arms who dared hold himself there for the force of the bombards and cannon that the said English cast. And when they had taken them, the said Earl of Salisbury mounted to the highest and set himself at a window which was towards the town, to see the bridge which was very well armed; and at that hour came a cannon shot from the town, which struck through the head the said Earl of Salisbury: which was the advancement of his death. And some say that the said cannon issued from Saint-Antoine, the others say that it issued from the tower of Notre-Dame and that there was a young page who fired the said cannon; and be it so, the cannoneer who had the charge of the said tower found the said page who was fleeing. And also it was reasonable enough, seen and considered that the said Earl of Salisbury had, as is said before, pillaged the said church of Notre-Dame de Cléry, that by it he should be punished for it. The said Earl of Salisbury thus struck and smitten by the said cannon, was carried to Meung-sur-Loire by some of the said English, and there died.

And seeing this, the captains of the said siege raised a part of their siege, and left from five to six thousand fighting men at the said Tourelles, and withdrew to Paris, which at that time was English, and ordained one named Talbot to be their chief. And at the feasts of Christmas they came before Saint-Loup to lay the siege. And meanwhile those of the town threw down all the churches and houses of the suburbs: which was a great consolation for the said town of Orléans against the said English.

About Shrovetide, news came that my lord of Bourbon was coming to succour the said town of Orléans; and the said my lord of Bourbon arrived, with him my lord of Thouars and several other lords; and they held council among themselves, and it was advised that they should go to meet their victuals, to wit of the said English who had set out from Paris. And so our people departed from the said Orléans and found the English about Rouvray-Saint-Denis, which is in Beauce, and our people were against the said English six to one; but fortune was such, and there remained about three hundred of our people; and there was wounded my lord of Dunois and the constable of Scotland was slain. And then my lord of Bourbon and several other lords and chiefs of war departed from the day’s fight, and arrived at Orléans about midnight, and entered at that hour, and were there nine days, all affrighted by the day they had lost, insomuch that when they saw the English come to the siege, no man could make them issue out of the town. And seeing this, the burgesses of the town, that their victuals were much diminishing, came before my lord of Bourbon and to my lord of Thouars to require them to send them out; and so they departed.

In that time, God of His holy grace and mercy sent a voice to a maiden girl, named Joan, who kept the beasts in the fields in the country about Vaucouleurs, which is near Lorraine, saying that God commanded her to prepare herself to go raise the siege before Orléans, and to lead King Charles to be crowned. So the said Joan addressed herself to the lord of the said Vaucouleurs, and noted these things to him, which was a great marvel to him; and he prepared to lead the said Maid to the king, who was then at Chinon. And she come to the king, she was examined by several bishops and lords in full council; and in all her doings nothing was found but all good. Then they caused to be made for her a complete harness and also a standard, and she had licence to be clothed like a man.

Meanwhile came news to Orléans of the said Joan, whom then vulgarly they called Joan the Maid, whereat those of the said town of Orléans were well amazed; and at first they thought it was but a mockery, notwithstanding that they had great confidence in God and in the good right of the king and of their lord, who was prisoner, as you have heard before; and their courage fell by half. And about the end of April, there was given to the said Joan, my lord of Rais, marshal of France, and several other captains, and also of the commons of the countries below, and it was ordained her to bring victuals and artillery, and they came by the Sologne, and passed by Olivet or near, and arrived as far as the Île-aux-Bourdons which is before Chécy. And knowing those of Orléans that she was coming, they were most joyous and caused barges to be fitted in power; and then the river was in full current; and also the wind, which was contrary, turned downstream and so that one barge towed two or three barges, which was a marvellous thing, and one must say that it was a miracle of God. And they passed before the bastilles of the English, and arrived at their port, and there charged their victuals, and then the said Maid passed the river. And there were present my lord of Dunois, La Hire and several other lords, and they came before the bastille of Saint-Loup, where the English were.

The said Maid arrived at Orléans and was lodged near the Porte Regnart, and from her lodging she could see all the siege. And be it known that those of the town of Orléans were well joyous. And meanwhile my lord of Rais and the other captains who had brought the said Maid returned to Blois to seek other victuals. And she being at the said Orléans, she went by two or three times to summon the English that they should go away into their country and that the King of heaven commanded it them: to whom they said many insults and among the others Glasdale, to whom the said Maid answered that he lied in what he said to her and that he would die of it without bleeding. So it was, as will be declared hereafter. And the said Joan the Maid took in good patience the insults that the said English meant to say and do to her. And after she went to the church of Sainte-Croix, and there spoke to Messire Jean de Mascon (1), doctor, who was a very wise man, who said to her: My daughter, are you come to raise the siege? To which she answered: In God’s name, said she, yes. — My daughter, said the wise man, they are strong and well fortified and it will be a great thing to put them out. — The Maid answered: Nothing is impossible to the power of God. And in all the town she did honour to no other.

(1) This personage, who is named nowhere else, might he not be the author of the present relation?

And on Wednesday, the fourth day of May in the year twenty-nine, the said Maid departed to go to meet the other victuals which the lord of Rais was bringing, and there went with her all the captains (and there was my lord of Dunois, La Hire, Messire Florent d’Illiers, the baron of Coulonces) as far as the forest of Orléans, and they had to pass very near the bastille of the said English, named Paris. And when those of the town saw them coming, they sallied out to meet them to receive them with great joy; and they come to the said Orléans, they took their refection and then came to the hostelry of the town to require habiliments of war, such as culverins, crossbows, ladders and other habiliments; and departed to go to Saint-Loup. And on the same day the bastille of the said Saint-Loup was taken by assault; and there were from six to seven score English fighting men. And seeing this, the other English, to wit the said Talbot and the other captains of the English, issued out of their bastilles five or six standards, thinking to raise the siege of the said Saint-Loup as far as near the pavement of Fleury, between the said Saint-Loup and their said bastilles, in fair battle; and at that hour every man issued out of Orléans to go enclose the said English; but they, seeing that, withdrew with great haste into their bastilles. And they had from ten to eleven bastilles, of which the first were the Tourelles; the Augustins, Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, that of the Champ-Saint-Privé, and that of the Île-Charlemagne, Saint-Laurent, and Londres, the Pressoir-Ars, Paris and Saint-Loup.

Item, the fifth of May which was the feast day of the Ascension of Our Lord, no man made war, for the said Maid did not will it, and each rested in God.

Item, on Friday, the sixth day of the said May, the said Maid passed the river Loire and all the said lords and men-at-arms, also commons, and came before the Portereau; and the lords seeing that it was not possible to take them, withdrew a part into an isle which is before Saint-Jean-le-Blanc; and the Maid remained behind and also my lord of Dunois, the marshals of France and La Hire. And seeing this, the English issued out with a fair standard displayed, and came to strike upon our people. And when our people saw that, they turned back against them and thrust them back within their bastilles, and took the Augustins by fair assault; and those who were in the isle withdrew, asked for no barges to come to the said assault, for they passed the ford all armed, being up to the armpits in the water, and there remained all night. And seeing this, the said lords, that the said Maid was much wearied (1), led her into the town to refresh herself; and it was cried that each should carry victuals to the said siege, and also that each should tend the pages and horses of the men-at-arms who were out. So was it done through all the town.

(1) Folée, that is to say, weary, fatigued.

Item, that night the said English tried to pass the river opposite the bastille of the Champ-Saint-Privé, and were in two or three barges; but they were so affrighted that many of them were drowned; and that it was so, since then their harness has been found in the said river.

And when Saturday came, the seventh of the said May, council was held in the town and it was required on behalf of the burgesses to the said Maid that she would accomplish the charge that she had from God and also from the king, and at that she was moved and departed. She mounted on horseback and said: In God’s name, I will do it, and who loves me, let him follow me. The said lords went with her, passed the river, victuals and artillery were led, and they came so near that from the morning the assault was given by her to the said Tourelles. And on the side of those of the town also they made bridges to assail, for there were three arches broken before one could reach the said Tourelles; and it was a marvellous thing to make the bridges, for they had made great boulevards strong and advantageous; but in all this God was working, for when a man came to labour at the said bridges, he was a workman as if he had been accustomed to it all his life. Those of the town charged a great barge full of faggots, horse bones, old shoes, sulphur and all the foulest-smelling things that could be found, and it was led between the Tourelles and the boulevard, and there fire was put to it, which did them great grievance; and to come to join them, the said English had the best cannon of the realm; but a man could as strongly have thrown a ball as the stone could go from the said cannon, which was a fair miracle.

Item, when it came to about four hours after noon, certain knights saw a white dove fly over the standard of the said Maid, and forthwith she said: Within, children, in God’s name, they are ours! And never was seen a brood of little birds alight on a bush as every man mounted against the said boulevard. And seeing this, the said Glasdale, who was chief, with him from twenty to thirty men, fell from off the bridge into the river, for they had cut the said bridge thinking to deceive our people; and there was accomplished the prophecy that had been [made] to the said Glasdale, to wit by the Maid, that he should die without bleeding; so he did, for he was drowned, and several others; and the said Tourelles were taken, and several lords, such as the lord of Poings, the lord of Molins; and there were within from five to six hundred fighting men and chosen men, for they were so obstinate that they feared not for fifteen days all the power of France nor of England. And as the said Maid did her devoir, those of the town did theirs on the town side, both by land and by water. And they were led to the said Orléans two by two all prisoners, those who were not slain.

Item, when Sunday came, the eighth of the said May, the other bastilles held council and departed at earliest morning; and there was the said Talbot; and they put themselves upon the fields. And seeing this, those of the town issued out in all power with the said Maid to run upon them; but she said that they should be let go, albeit each was in battle array on the one side as on the other; and between the two battles their bombards and artillery were taken; but the said Maid with the lords caused all their people to withdraw, and there a high and great praise was made to God in crying Noel. And in the company there were several priests and churchmen who sang fair hymns; and the said Maid said that each should go hear mass. And doubt not that in the said Orléans every one made great joy, both in the churches and openly, considering the great gift that God had made them.

Item, it was not long before the said lords led away the said Maid to King Charles, who was at Tours, and consider what reception was made them; and the king thanked God so highly, and also my lord of Dunois and the marshals, and La Hire, and all the other captains who had kept her company. The said Talbot remained at Meung, at Beaugency and at Jargeau and at Janville, and also all his people. And it was not long before the Duke of Alençon came with the said Maid, and the siege was laid before Jargeau, in which was the Earl of Suffolk, with him several English captains; and there were within from six to seven hundred fighting men, and it was but two days before they were taken by fair assault; and God knows if those of Orléans spared themselves to lead artillery and men and also victuals. And then after, they came before Meung-sur-Loire where Talbot was and all his power; but he dared not strike upon our people, for he was all dismayed. Then our people came to lay the siege before Beaugency, and there my lord the constable of France was found, and the English who were within took composition, and went away to the said Talbot. And in the pursuit our people found themselves near Patay against the said Talbot, and there he was taken, and there were slain about four thousand English, who had all withdrawn with the said Talbot. And the same day Janville surrendered and several other fortresses; and whoso would have pursued, the said English would have been chased as far as the sea, seeing the courage that each had, for one Frenchman would have laid low ten English; notwithstanding there was no force of man; but all proceeded from God, to whom the praise belongs, and to no other.

Item, my lord the Bishop of Orléans seeing this, with all the clergy, and also by the means and ordinance of my lord of Dunois, brother of my lord the Duke of Orléans, with the counsel thereof, and also the burgesses, tenants and inhabitants of the said Orléans, it was ordained that a procession should be made on the eighth of the said May, and that each should bear a light there, and that they should go as far as the Augustins, and everywhere where the fight had been, stations and fitting service should be made in each place, and prayers, and the twelve procurators of the town should each have a taper in his hand on which should be the arms of the town, and of them four should remain at Sainte-Croix, four at Saint-Euverte and four at Saint-Aignan; and also on the said day vigils should be said at the said Saint-Aignan and the morrow mass for the dead, and there bread and wine should be offered, and each procurator eight deniers parisis at the offertory; and the shrines of the churches should be carried, especially that of my lord Saint Aignan, that of my lord Saint Euverte, who were means and protectors of the said city and town of Orléans; for in that time it was recited by some of the English being then at the said siege, to have seen during the said siege two prelates in pontifical habit go and walk, wending their way upon the walls of the said town of Orléans. So also in other times the said saints my lord Saint Euverte and my lord Saint Aignan have been guards or protectors of the said town of Orléans, at the time when the miscreants came before it; for at the prayer and request of the said saints made to God, the said town was preserved from the ills of the said miscreants, and in approaching it, as the story recounts, they were all blinded so that they had no power to do ill to the said town between here and Saint-Loup.

One cannot too much praise God and the saints, for all that has been done has been all by the grace of God; so then one should have great devotion to the said procession, namely those of the said town of Orléans, considering that those of Bourges in Berry make solemnity of it, but they take the Sunday after the Ascension, for that year the said Ascension was on the Sunday (1).

(1) Supply after between the words dimanche and ladite ascension, or some other equivalent which spares the author the fault of having made the Ascension fall on a Sunday. He means that the inhabitants of Bourges made the Orléans festival on the Sunday after the Ascension, because the deliverance had fallen on that day, thus celebrating the anniversary, not on its day of the month, but on its weekday. The fact is found thus reported after the capitular registers of the cathedral of Bourges, in the Histoire du Berry (vol. III, p. 25) recently published by M. Raynal: The procession called of the Maid took place every year at Bourges, on the Sunday nearest to the anniversary of her execution. It went through the town, from the cathedral to the church of the Friars Preachers. Our text furnishes wherewith to correct what is inexact in this passage.

And also several other towns make solemnity of it, for if Orléans had fallen into the hands of the said English, the remainder of the realm would have been much hurt. And therefore, ever recognising the great grace which God willed to do and show in the said town of Orléans, in keeping it from the hands of its enemies, let the said holy and devout procession be continued and not abandoned, without falling into ingratitude, for by it come many ills. Every man is bound to go to the said procession and bear a burning light in his hand. It returns around the town, to wit before the church of Notre-Dame-de-Saint-Pol, and there great praise is made to Our Lady; and thence to Sainte-Croix, and the sermon there, and the mass after, and also, as above, the vigils at the said Saint-Aignan, and the morrow mass for the dead.

And for this, let every one be warned to praise and thank God, for peradventure there are at present young people who could with great pain believe this thing to have so come to pass, but believe that it is a true thing and a very great grace of God; for during the said siege there was never any division between the men-at-arms and those of the town, notwithstanding that before they hated one another like dogs and cats; but when they were with those of the town, they were as brothers, and also those of the town caused them to have no necessity or want to their power, in whatsoever manner it might be. And by the good service that the tenants and inhabitants of the said town of Orléans have done, they are and shall be in the good grace of the king, who has in fact shown and shows them from day to day, as appears by the tenor of the fair privileges which he has given them.

II. Indulgences Granted by the Cardinal d’Estouteville for the Celebration of the Festival #

9 June 1452.

Piece printed by Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc (part III, p. 267), after the original, formerly at the town hall of Orléans, today in the registry of the royal court of the same town. There is also an authentic copy of it in manuscript 891 of the Queen of Sweden, following the chronicle printed above.

William, by the divine mercy, presbyter cardinal of the holy Roman Church of the title of Saint Martin in Montibus, vulgarly called of Estouteville, in the realm of France and in each of the provinces of the Gauls legate of the apostolic see: to all Christ’s faithful who shall inspect these present letters, greeting in the Lord everlasting. Although He from whose gift it comes that He and His faithful are served worthily and laudably, from the abundance of His loving-kindness, which exceeds the merits and the vows of suppliants, repays those who deserve well of Him with far greater things than they can merit: nevertheless, desiring to render the people acceptable to the Lord and followers of good works, we invite the faithful themselves to please Him, as it were by certain gifts, to wit indulgences and remissions, that thereby they may be rendered the fitter for divine grace. Whereas therefore, as we have heard, when the whirlpools of wars, alas!, raged of late in the realm of France, and this renowned city of Orléans was surrounded with siege by the ancient enemies of the realm, wherefore the citizens and inhabitants, more fervently attending to prayers, invoked the divine protection of the blessed Aignan and Euverte, most glorious confessors; after the said renowned city, by the prayers and merits of the same Saints, God willing, was absolved and delivered from those enemies of it and of the realm — desiring the more to exalt the glory of the divine name, and taking care more devoutly to repay thanks to the Most High for so great a victory, with the whole clergy of the same city consenting, they ordained that for all time, on the like day on which the aforesaid city was delivered from the same enemies, the eighth day of May, a solemn feast with mass, and a general procession, and also on the morrow of the same, for the souls of those deceased in the said siege, a service should be piously and unanimously celebrated; which feast indeed with mass and vespers, first and second, and with the morrow itself of the dead, at the single hours of the same days, they have hitherto laudably procured to be celebrated in the cathedral church of Orléans: desiring therefore that so pious and so laudable a purpose of theirs be the more strengthened, and the exaltation of the divine name be published in the same church; that it be frequented moreover with divine and fitting honours, and that Christ’s faithful be the more willingly inclined thereto as they shall feel themselves the more abundantly filled with the gift of heavenly grace; confiding in the mercy of almighty God, and of the blessed Peter and Paul, His apostles, and in the apostolic authority which we exercise in this part: to all and singular of either sex, truly penitent and confessed, who on the aforesaid days shall visit the aforesaid cathedral church, and on the seventh of the said month of May yearly in the first vespers; and also on the eighth, in the mass and the second vespers, and on the morrow in the service of the dead, and at the single hours and vigils of the same days, shall be present, and on the said eighth day in the general procession, and shall devoutly hear them; to wit, at each of the vespers, mass and service of the dead, and also the general procession, one year, and at each of the abovesaid hours, one hundred days of the penances enjoined on them, in the Lord we mercifully relax, by these presents, to endure for all time. In faith and testimony of all and singular the premises, we have caused these present letters to be subscribed by our secretary underwritten and to be confirmed by the appending of our seal. Given at Orléans, in the year of the Lord’s incarnation 1452, on the 9th day of the month of June, in the sixth year of the pontificate of the most holy father in Christ and our lord, the lord Nicholas, by divine providence pope the fifth.

Signed: P. PONTANUS (1).

(1) The Vatican copy bears the following subscription: Gratis de mandato, Guillermus Mesardi Juvenis, for copy and collation made with the original.

III. Other Indulgences Granted by Thibaud d’Aussigny, Bishop of Orléans #

4 May 1453.

Same provenance as the preceding piece, and printed in the same work.

Theobald, by the divine mercy, bishop of Orléans, to all who shall inspect these present letters, greeting in the Lord Jesus, who has deigned to work wonderfully in His faithful, since He graciously delivered the chained and bound from their bonds and afflictions. Forasmuch as, as we know, when the most bitter wars of the realm of the Franks, alas!, raged, and the ancient enemies rose against the king of France, this our most noble city of the Orléanais, notably erected and built roundabout in these latter times, was surrounded by a siege of the English, the realm’s ancient enemies, and long held in subjection to the same, and thereupon, the aid of the Most High causing it, and the prayers also and merits of Saints Euverte and Aignan, most glorious confessors, our predecessor bishops, and the prayers expended of the inhabitants, was delivered and absolved from the hands of the same enemies: wherefore the said inhabitants and citizens, taking care to exalt the glory of the divine name and the deeds of the Saints from so great a victory, and to repay thanks in the heavens, the clergy and the rest of the people consenting, on the same day on which this city was delivered, to wit the eighth of the month of May, decreed and ordained that for all time a solemn feast with mass, and a general procession, and also on the morrow of the said feast, for the souls of those deceased in the said siege, a service with vigils should be celebrated in our said church and that of the said Saint Aignan, and hitherto have procured the same feast to be solemnly made: desiring therefore and affecting that the laudable purpose of the said inhabitants and citizens be preserved and maintained for ever, and the divine name exalted, and the said churches visited by Christ’s faithful the more fervently as they shall feel themselves filled with the gift of heavenly grace; to all and singular Christ’s faithful, truly penitent and confessed, who, to commemorate such a victory, in the said solemn procession, on the same eighth day or another on which the said procession shall be made, and also at the vespers of the preceding seventh and of the eighth of the said days, and at the morrow service of the said dead to be made in the said churches, and at the single other hours of the said eighth day, shall be present: confiding in the mercy of almighty God, and in the authority of the most glorious Virgin Mary His mother, and of the most victorious Holy Cross and of the blessed Peter and Paul, His apostles, and in the merits and intercessions of all the Saints, forty days of the penances enjoined on them we mercifully relax in the Lord, by these presents to endure for ever. In testimony whereof, we have thought good to append to these present letters the seal of our court. Given and done at Orléans, in the year of the Lord 1453, on the 4th day of the month of May.

Signed: CORNU.

IV. Other Indulgences Granted by François de Brillac, Bishop of Orléans #

4 May 1474.

Same provenance, same editor as the preceding pieces.

Francis, by the divine mercy, bishop of Orléans, to all and singular the faithful who shall inspect these present letters, greeting in the Lord Jesus Christ, who in His Saints is ever laudable and glorious, and is marvellous in His works. Forasmuch as, as we know, in the realm of France, while the most bitter wars, alas!, raged, and the ancient foes and enemies rose against king and realm, this our most noble city of the Orléanais, built and walled about with notable edifices and houses, was at last, in the midst of the times of our predecessors, demolished to the area by a siege of the English, the said realm’s ancient enemies, by reason of the long stay and siege roundabout made and laid by the same enemies; and thereupon, by the prayers and intervention of the most victorious Holy Cross, our patroness, and of the blessed Aignan and Euverte, confessors, our predecessor prelates of Orléans, and the suffrages and prayers of the citizens and inhabitants put up to the Most High, was delivered and freed from the hands of the same enemies, and to their confusion, and to the praise and glory of our Lord Jesus and of the aforesaid most glorious confessors, and the exultation of the people of Orléans: wherefore and in memory of this deed done, by clergy and people, for rendering praises and thanks to the Most High for so great mercy and grace bestowed, it was ordained and by statute decreed that the day of the said deliverance and confusion of the enemies, which was the eighth day of the month of May, should thenceforth for ever be solemnly kept as festival on such day and that on the same day solemn processions should be made, and on the morrow of the said feast, for the souls of the dead deceased in the said siege, a service with vigils should be made, said and celebrated, a solemn service with vigils, in our church of Orléans and that of blessed Aignan of Orléans, as from that time was done and observed: desiring therefore and affecting that the laudable purpose of the said inhabitants and citizens be preserved and maintained for ever, and for long time exalted, and the said churches visited by Christ’s faithful the more fervently as they shall feel themselves affected with the gift of heavenly grace: to all and singular Christ’s faithful, truly penitent and confessed, who, to commemorate such a victory in the said solemn procession, on the same eighth day or another on which the said procession shall be made, and also at the vespers of the preceding seventh and of the eighth of the said days, and at the morrow service of the said dead to be made in the said churches, and at the single other hours of the whole eighth day, shall be present; confiding in the authority of almighty God our Lord, and of the most glorious Virgin Mary His mother and of the most victorious Holy Cross, and of the most blessed Peter and Paul, His apostles, and in the merits and intercessions of all the Saints: forty days of the penances enjoined on them we mercifully relax in the Lord, by these presents to endure for ever. In testimony whereof, we have thought good to append to these present letters the seal of our Chamber. Given and done at Orléans, in the year of the Lord 1474, on the 4th day of the month of May.

Signed: CORBILLEAU.

V. Other Indulgences Granted by Cardinal Jean Rolin, Bishop of Autun #

19 January 1482.

Same provenance and same editor as the preceding. This piece was transcribed several times at the town’s expense, as appears from an article of its accounts for the year 1483–1484 (manuscript register in the Orléans library): To Junian Dalier, notary in the church court at Orléans, for having doubled and written in the red book of the said town, in which book is the service of the town’s festival, the bull of one hundred days of pardon given by my lord the cardinal of Autun, at the request of the procurators, to all those who shall be at the procession and service of the said town’s festival; 2 sous, 5 deniers obole parisis.

Jean Rolin, by the divine mercy, presbyter cardinal of the holy Roman Church of the title of Saint Stephen in Caelio Monte, and bishop of Autun, to all and singular Christ’s faithful who shall inspect these present letters, greeting in the Lord everlasting. The duty of the office taken up by us compels that we attend to those works which regard the salvation of souls. Whereas therefore, as we have heard, the devout processions and congregations, which the procurators of the city of Orléans have hitherto obtained by ecclesiastical men to be made and continued in praise of our Redeemer Jesus Christ, in whom the salvation of all is placed, begin to be deserted by very many followers of the blandishments of the flesh; we, desiring with all our endeavours to obviate the offences and corruptions which cannot be mourned enough, inclining to the devout supplications presented to us on this behalf by our beloved in Christ master Jean Luillier, licentiate in laws, inhabitant and counsellor of the same city: confiding in the mercy of almighty God and the authority of the blessed Peter and Paul, His apostles, and in the merits and intercessions of the holy martyrs Nazarius and Celsus, Lazarus and Leodegar, our patrons; also in the apostolic authority to us specially granted for this: to all and singular Christ’s faithful of either sex, well penitent and confessed, who shall be present at the processions, to be made in the said city at the prosecution of the said procurators for the time being, or at the obsequies of masses which shall be celebrated for the prosperity and decent government of the said city and community or otherwise, or in the celebration of such processions and masses shall merit to pour forth pious, devout prayers to the Most High for the salvation, tranquillity and peace of the most serene lord our king and his successors of the said realm and of its inhabitants; or in such processions shall carry shrines, reliquaries and other sacred vessels with due reverence; or shall devoutly hear the sermons to be made to the people on occasion of such processions: as often as they shall fulfil the premises or any of the premises, so often one hundred days of indulgences of the penances enjoined on them we relax in the Lord by these presents, to endure for all time. In faith and testimony of the premises, we have commanded these present letters to be strengthened by the appending of our oblong seal. Given at Paris, in our houses of residence, on the 19th of the month of January, in the year of the Lord 1481, computing in the French manner, in the eleventh year of the pontificate of the most holy father in Christ and our lord, the lord Sixtus, by divine providence pope the fourth.

VI. Expenses for the Celebration of the Festival in the Fifteenth Century #

Extracts from the original registers of the accounts and expenses of the town of Orléans, in the library of that town. Many of the following articles were printed, but in a less correct manner, in M. Lottin’s Recherches historiques sur la ville d’Orléans, vol. I of the first part, passim.

1435. — To Jaquet Leprestre, varlet of the town of Orléans, for the purchase of 23 l. of new wax, bought to remake the torches of the said town, and mixed with 26 l. of old wax remaining of the said torches, for the solemnity of the procession of the Tourelles made the 8th day of May 1435, at the price of 2 s. 10 d. p. the livre, worth 62 s. 4 d. p.

To him for 36 l. of wax, for having made twelve tapers for the twelve procurators of the said town, which they carried at the said procession, at the said price of 2 s. 10 d. p. the livre, worth 102 s. p.

To Jean Moynet, wax-chandler, for the making of the said torches and tapers, for the bands and sticks, and for a flambeau offered the morrow of the said procession at a mass sung for the dead in the church of my lord Saint-Aignan. For this, 26 s. p.

To Estienne le Paintre, for twelve escutcheons with the arms of the town, which he made to set and hang on the said twelve tapers. For this, 6 s. p.

To Jaquet Leprestre, for five pints and a chopine of wine at 8 d. the pint, two loaves of 4 d. and a white loaf of 8 d. p. which were offered at the said mass of the morrow. For this, 4 s. 8 d. p.

To Messire Jean Parine, archdeacon of Beaugency in the church of Orléans, for a gift made to those who sang during the said procession of the Tourelles, and for those who rang at Sainte-Croix, 48 s. p.

To him to give to those who carried the shrine of Mgr. Saint-Aignan at the said procession, 4 s. p.; — to give to those who carried the shrine of Mgr. Saint-Mamert, likewise 4 s. p.; — to give to those who carried the shrine of Mgr. Saint-Euverte, likewise 4 s. p.; — to give to those who carried the six torches of the town, 4 s. p.

To Jaquet Lesbahy, to give to master Robert Baignart for having made and said the sermon at the said procession, 16 s. p.

To Guillaume le Charron and Michelet Filleul, for a gift made to them to aid them in paying for their scaffolds and other expenses made by them on the 8th day of May 1435, when they made a certain mystery or boulevard of the bridge, during the procession: three réaux d’or. For this, 72 s. p.

1436. — Besides the articles charged in account the preceding year: To Jaquet le Prestre, for a hand of paper employed to cover the tapers where they are held, and twelve little paper baskets to keep the wax from falling on the persons; for half a hundred pins to attach the escutcheons and a quarter-pound of nails to attach the said baskets. For all this, 2 s. p.

To Jagot, for having cleaned the place of the Augustins and the street in front, where the holy bodies were set to rest, 16 d. p.

To Colin Galier, for four tumbler-loads of sand laid in the place before the said Augustins, because it was naught but mire: 4 s. p.

1439. — Besides the expenses of the preceding years: To Mahiet Gauchier, painter, the 23rd day of the month of April, to make the joust-arms and axes, and a fleur-de-lis and two Godons, by bargain made with him in the chamber of the said town to make the feast of the raising of the Tourelles; for this, 12 l. 16 s. p.

To Jean Chanteloup, for having laboured nine days at making the scaffolds of the procession of the Tourelles, and for eleven cartloads to carry and bring back the wood needed to make the said scaffolds; for this, 44 s. p.

1445. — Besides the expenses of the preceding years: To Jean Pichon, varlet of the town, for a leather girdle by him bought to hang the purse which sustains the end of the staff on which the banner of the town is borne, at the procession of the said 8th May; for this, 8 d. p.

To him, who was paid for his pains in having carried the banner of the town at the said procession, 8 d. p.

To the said Pichon, to give to the little children of the choir of Sainte-Croix to have little pies, 2 s. p.

1446. — Besides the expenses of the preceding years: To Mahiet Gauchier, painter, for a gift made to the companions who played the mystery of Saint Stephen on the 8th day of May, to aid them in bearing the expense of their scaffolds and other things; for this, 4 l. 16 s. p.

1447. — Besides the expenses of the preceding years: To Estienne Chartier, varlet of the said town, who paid to sixty-two men who carried the shrines and heads of several holy bodies at the procession of the said town, made the eighth day of May 1483; on which day, as the feast of the Ascension of Our Lord fell, my lords of the church made the procession that they are accustomed to make for reverence of the said Ascension, in their copes, in the church of Bonnes-Nouvelles, early in the morning and before the said procession of the said town; to wit to ten men who carried the shrine and head of Saint Mamert, sixteen men who carried the shrine and head of Saint Euverte, two men who carried the head of Saint Gregory, eight men who carried the shrine of Saint Samson, eight men who carried the heads of Saint Aignan and Saint Victor, four men who carried the shrine of Saint Evroul, six men who carried the shrine of Saint Marceau, four men who carried the shrine of Saint Avy, and four men who carried the head of Saint Flo: which are the said sixty-two men; at 8 d. p. to each, worth 41 l. 4 d. p.

To him, for expense made in the hostelry of the said town by the procurators thereof at the dinner of the day of the said procession, at which was master Robert Salmon, doctor in theology and provincial of the Carmelites (1); for the said procurators to entertain themselves together, in order to go thence to the vigils of the dead at Saint-Aignan, as is accustomed; for all, 116 s. ob. p.

(1) From that time, the preacher who made the sermon at the office was always invited to the town’s dinner.

To Simonne Gozie, cap-maker of the parish of Saint-Victor of Orléans, for twenty chaplets of violets by her made for the masters and children of the choirs of Sainte-Croix, Saint-Aignan and Saint-Pierre-en-Pont, who wore them at the said procession, 8 s. p.

To Estienne Chartier, who paid for a quarter-pound of parted gold and thread, to gold-stitch the said chaplets; for this, 2 s. p.

To Messire Eloy d’Amerval, master of the children of the choir of Sainte-Croix of Orléans, both for himself and for the other chanters and chaplains of the said church who sang with the chanters and chaplains of the church of Saint-Aignan of Orléans and did the service belonging and accustomed to be done at the said procession of the said town, 28 s. p.

To the said Messire Eloy d’Amerval, the sum of one hundred and four sous parisis, for the value of four gold crowns to him ordained to be paid and given in recompense and remuneration of having rhymed and noted in Latin and in French a motet, to sing henceforward at the processions which are made each year on the said eighth day of May, and which in the said last procession was sung in rendering thanks to God for the victory which He gave to the said inhabitants the said day that the English raised the siege which they had laid before the said town; of which motet he has made two books containing each eight great leaves of parchment, bound between two boards, covered with red leather, the one to give to the chanters, and the other to the children of the choir of the said church of Sainte-Croix, to sing at the station which is made before the Porte Dunoise. Which two books the said Messire Eloy gave and presented to the said procurators assembled in the hostelry of the said town and for the inhabitants thereof, the said eighth day of May, at the return of the said last procession. For this, 104 s. p.

VII. Verses Composed for the Festival #

These verses have every appearance of being those for which Messire Eloy d’Amerval received the sum entered in the preceding article. They are certainly of the time of Louis XI or of the first years of Charles VIII. M. Lottin published them for the first time in his Recherches historiques sur Orléans (first part, vol. I, p. 279). They come from a manuscript which was formerly in the town’s treasury, but is no longer there today. The editor does not say where he found the copy.

Hymn sung before the church of Notre-Dame des Miracles de Saint-Paul.

Noble city of most great renown,
Puissant town in all places well famed,
King’s chamber worthy to be named,
Place adorned with decrees and laws,
From war to peace, thanks be to God, turned,
Rejoice thee at this day,
Valiant and most loyal French people.
At the sweet prayer
That the king offered to God,
Came a shepherdess Maid
Who warred for us.
By divine leading
The English she so hard grieved
That she put them all to flight
And the siege raised.

Sing, O clergy and you lord burgesses,
You, notable merchants, aid us this time.
Commune of Orléans, raise up your voice
In thanking God and the sacred Virgin,
That long ago, on such a day, eighth of this month,
He looked in pity on the Orléanais people,
And so chased our English enemies
That the duchy was delivered in joy.
O Queen on high, in great devotion
Here before Saint-Pol we thank you for it.
To celebrate the day we are all too joyous;
Each year we make there a fair procession,
We bear our fair jewels by way of adornment,
Singing songs of peace and gracious motets.
O blessed Saint Aignan, so worthy and precious,
O Saint Euverte also, our glorious patrons,
Of the treasure of Orléans guard and protection!

Motet sung at the Porte Dunoise.

Greatly to rejoice thou oughtest,
Devout Orléanais people,
And, as most loyal Frenchmen,
To thank God with high voice,
When five days after the great feast
Of the worthy and blessed Cross,
The eighth day of this month,
By a Maid once for all,
Thou chasedst thy English enemies
Who did thee so much tempest.
Behold the cross of the Son of God;
Behold the middle of France,
The noble city of Orléans.
Flee, English, from this fair place,
And remember, after all,
That ye gained nothing there.
Judith and Esther, noble ladies,
And several other valiant women,
By the will of the God of gods,
Battled for the Hebrews
And had fair victories,
As we find in the histories.
Wherefore likewise for our quarrel
Battled Joan the Maid.
Never sally out of England,
English, to gain our land.
Behold how Glasdale
Was drowned, and others great heaps;
Salisbury struck by a cannon
Whereof he died in confusion:
For Our Lady and Saint Mamert
Grieved them on every side;
Saint Euverte set them also,
And Saint Aignan, in great trouble,
In the virtue, as I believe,
Of God and of His worthy cross.
Now, then, pray we for the good captain,
Wise and prudent, my lord of Dunois;
May God set him in high glory,
Poton, La Hire and all the good French;
And let us all render thanks to the King of kings
Who on such a day set us out of great pain,
And let us adore His precious cross,
The true salvation of human creatures.

On the banner was set:

To the Virgin both of us,
Since it pleased you to turn
Into gladness our mourning,
Most humbly also
We thank you for it (1).

(1) These verses, if they be verses, offer no sense. Perhaps it is only a fragment of the inscription set on the banner. I defer to M. Lottin’s text.

VIII. Complementary Particulars #

The documents which precede show what the festival of 8 May was in the fifteenth century. I must add, to complete this picture, that Jean du Lis, called la Pucelle, son of Pierre d’Arc and lord of the Île-aux-Boeufs (see above, p. 280), came every year from his land of Villers where he resided, to Orléans, to figure in the town’s procession; that he had precedence there, and that before him was borne a great lighted white taper on which was applied a painted effigy of the Maid. The fact was attested in 1550, forty-eight years after his death, by a very old domestic whom he had had in his service. This domestic then deposed as a witness in an inquiry solicited by certain members of the family and reported, for this matter, in the Traité sommaire du nom et des armes de la Pucelle.

Persons who wish to follow the progress and vicissitudes of the festival of 8 May beyond 1500 must have recourse to M. Lottin’s Recherches historiques sur Orléans. That work, drawn up in the form of ephemerides, is very easy of use. The Histoire de l’église et de la ville d’Orléans, by Symphorien Guyon, is also to be consulted. It contains a long description of the ceremonial used in 1650.

For the convenience of the greater number of readers, I will sum up in a few words the history of the festival, as it results from the one and the other of these works.

From the time of Symphorien Guyon, a wholly profane diversion had taken root beside the ceremonies of the Church. After the procession of the relics, the soldiers of the garrison paraded through the town a puceau [boy-maid] dressed à la Henri IV, who was supposed to represent Joan of Arc. From 1725, the puceau was an official personage whom the town dressed at its expense, and whom the clergy admitted into their ranks at the procession. In 1786, the Duchess of Orléans, mother of the present king, instituted a rosière who shared with the representative of Joan of Arc the honours of the day. Came the revolution, which began by greatly diminishing the religious character of the ceremony, replacing the suppressed congregations by the national guard. The celebration of 1790 coincided with that of the Orléanais federation. It still took place in 91 and 92; but ceased altogether in 93. The restoration of it was thought of only in year XI, when there was question of raising a new monument to the Maid. The celebrated M. Bernier, bishop of Orléans, took the initiative, and asked to that effect, under date of 3 ventôse (22 February 1803), an authorisation which was granted him by Chaptal, then minister of worship (1).

(1) Here is the text of this authorisation, printed by M. Lottin (part II, vol. IV, p. 349) after the original in the Archives of the Loiret: I presented to the First Consul, Monsieur the Bishop, your project of restoring the religious ceremonies which formerly took place in memory of the deliverance of Orléans by the Maid. He entirely approves this project, and he has found in your proposition a fresh testimony of your eagerness to make religion concur in all that can be honourable to the French nation. I have the honour to salute you. Signed PORTALIS.

The service in the cathedral was therefore restored, as well as a procession at which all the authorities of the town assisted. To increase the lustre of the festival, M. de Rocheplatte, mayor of Orléans in 1816, resuscitated the puceau dressed à la Henri IV, and submitted him to a ceremonial until then unaccustomed. An album executed at Orléans in 1829 (1) will give an idea of these innovations, as little conformable to history as reproved by good taste. The revolution of 1830 has done them justice. The festival of 8 May has become again what it was in the time of the Empire.

(1) Fête de Jeanne d’Arc à Orléans, le 8 mai 1829, quatre cents ans après la délivrance de cette ville, six drawings lithographed by Charles Pensée. Small folio. — See also the description given by M. Jollois in his Histoire abrégée de Jeanne d’Arc, p. 173, and the notes.

Documents on the False Joan of Arc Who Appeared from 1436 to 1440 #

I. #

Extract from the chronicle of the Dean of Saint-Thibaud of Metz, printed by Père Vignier in the Mercure galant of November 1683, long before the complete edition of the work, indicated in our vol. IV, p. 321. The publication of this piece made much noise. It gave rise to the paradox several times maintained since, that the Maid had escaped the English stake. The public who yielded a moment to this error did not know that as early as 1650 Symphorien Guyon had, in his history of Orléans, reduced to its just value the testimony of the Metz annalist; that the latter had even corrected himself, or had been corrected by one of his contemporaries, since in a manuscript of his chronicle (see the following article) the apparition of 1436 is given for an imposture.

In the year 1436, sire Phelepin Marcoulz was master-échevin of Metz. That year, the 20th day of May, came the Maid Joan who had been in France, to the Grange-aux-Ormes, near Saint-Privat; and she was brought there to speak to some of the lords of Metz; and she called herself Claude. And the same day there came to see her her two brothers, of whom one was a knight, called Messire Pierre; and the other, Petit-Jean, squire. And they thought she was burned; and as soon as they saw her, they knew her, and she them likewise. And on Monday, the 21st day of the said month, they led their sister with them to Bacquillon, and the lord Nicole Lowe, knight, gave her a hackney of the price of thirty francs, and a pair of boots, and the lord Aubert Boulay a chaperon, and sire Nicole Groingnat a sword. And the said Maid leapt upon the said horse most skilfully, and said several things to the lord Nicole Lowe, whereby he well understood that it was she who had been in France; and she was recognised by several tokens for the Maid Joan of France, who had led King Charles to be consecrated at Reims; and several would say that she had been burned at Rouen in Normandy; and she spoke most of her words in parables, and said neither fuer nor ans (1) of her intention; and she said that she had no power before Saint-John-Baptist’s day. But when her brothers were gone, she returned forthwith in the feasts of Pentecost to the town of Marville, at the house of Jean Quenast; and stayed there until about three weeks; and then departed to go to Notre-Dame-de-Liesse, the third; and when she would depart, several of Metz went to see her at the said Marville, and gave her several jewels, and they recognised that it was properly Joan the Maid of France. And then Joffroy Dex gave her a horse, and then she went to Arlon, a town which is in the duchy of Luxembourg. Item, when she was at Arlon, she was always beside Madame of Luxembourg (2); and was there a great while, until the son of the Count of Warnonbourg led her to Cologne. And the said count loved her very much; insomuch that, when she would come away, he caused a very fine cuirass to be made for her to arm herself. And then she came back to the said Arlon; and there was made the marriage of Messire Robert des Armoises, knight, and of the said Joan the Maid. And then after, the said lord of Armoises came with his wife the Maid to dwell in Metz, in the house of the said sire Robert, which he had before Sainte-Segolène; and they stayed there as long as they pleased.

(1) Ne fuer ne ans, neither without nor within.

(2) Not the one in question in the first trial; but the effective mistress and heiress of the duchy, Elisabeth of Görlitz, niece by alliance of the Duke of Burgundy.

II. #

Different redaction of the preceding piece, after another manuscript. This variant was sent from Metz to Pierre du Puy and is found today in volume 630 of his collection, at the Bibliothèque Royale.

Messire Philippe Marcouls, in the year 1436. In that year came a young girl, who said she was the Maid of France, and played her personage so that several were abused by it, and especially all the greatest. And she was at the Grange-à-l’Orme. And there the lords of Metz were, such as the lord Nicole Lowe; and they gave her a horse of the price of thirty francs, and a pair of boots; and the lord Albert Boullay, a chaperon; the lord Nicolle Grongnot, a sword. And she was clothed in man’s habit; and two of her brothers led her. And forthwith in those feasts of Pentecost after, she came again to the town of Marville, and stayed there about three weeks at the house of a good man called Jean Cugnot. And several people of Metz went there to see her, and gave her several jewels; and the lord Geoffroy Dex gave her a horse; and she departed and went to Notre-Dame-de-Liesse, and after to Arlon. And she stayed always there beside Madame of Luxembourg, and there she was married to the lord Robert des Armoises, knight, and they came to dwell in Metz at the top of the Porte de Muselle (1).

(1) Philippe de Vigneulles, a later Metz chronicler, since he wrote only at the beginning of the sixteenth century, expressed himself in the same sense, abridging the present article: In that same year (1436) befell a novelty of one who would counterfeit herself for another; for in that time, on the 22nd day of the month of May, a girl called Claude, being in woman’s habit, was manifested for Joan the Maid, etc. And a little further on: But afterwards the truth was known, etc., etc. See Chroniques messines, published by Huguenin, p. 198.

III. #

Extract from the Formicarium of Jean Nider, passage already cited in vol. IV, p. 502.

We have today as a notable professor of sacred theology brother Heinrich Kaltyseren, inquisitor of heretical pravity. When he, in the year last past, was insisting upon the office of inquisition in the city of Cologne, as he himself told me, he learned that around Cologne there was a certain virgin who in man’s habit went about all the time. She bore arms and dissolute garments, like one of the stipendiary nobles, led dances with men, and was so given to drink and feasts that she seemed wholly to exceed the bounds of the feminine sex, which she did not deny. And because at the same time (as, alas, today!) the church of Trier, two contenders for the same seat, molested it gravely (1), she boasted that she could and would enthrone one party, as the virgin Joan (of whom it will be spoken presently) had a little before done for Charles king of the Franks, in confirming him in his realm. Nay rather, she affirmed that she was the same Joan raised up by God. When therefore on a certain day she entered Cologne with the younger count of Virtenburg (2), who protected and fostered her, and did there wondrous things in the sight of the nobles, which seemed to be done by magic art, she was at last diligently investigated and publicly cited by the aforesaid inquisitor, that she might be inquired of. For she was said to have torn a certain map and suddenly in the eyes of all restored it whole; and to have repaired in a moment a certain glass cast by her at a wall and broken, and to have displayed many like vain things. But the wretch refused to obey the mandates of the Church; she had the aforesaid count for her protection, lest she be taken, by whom she was secretly led out of Cologne; the inquisitor’s hands indeed she escaped, but not the bond of excommunication. Straitsened at last by this, she went out of the bounds of Germany and entered the limits of Gaul, where she took in marriage a certain knight, lest she be vexed by the ecclesiastical interdict and sword. Then a certain priest — rather to be called a pander — soothed this sorceress with amorous words; with whom at last secretly withdrawing, she entered the city of Metz, where dwelling with him as a concubine, by what spirit she was led was patently shown to all.

(1) This concerns the contest for the archbishopric of Trier, which took place between Raban of Helmstadt and Jacques de Sierck.

(2) Ulrich of Württemberg, with whom his brother Louis had shared his hereditary fief.

IV. #

Extract from the accounts of the town of Orléans for the year 1436, after the register preserved in the Orléans library.

To Pierre Baratin and Jean Bombachelier, to give to Fleur-de-lis (1), on Thursday, the eve of Saint Laurence, 9th day of the month of August, for a gift made to him, because he had brought letters to the town on behalf of Joan the Maid; for this, 48 s. p.

(1) Name of a pursuivant-at-arms.

To Pierre Baratin and Jaquet Lesbahy, to give to Jean du Lis, brother of Joan the Maid, on Tuesday the 21st day of August in the year 1436, for a gift made to him, the sum of 12 livres tournois, because the said brother of the said Maid came to the Chamber of the said town to require of the procurators that they would aid him with some pittance of money to return to his said sister, saying that he came from the king and that the king had ordained him a hundred francs and commanded that they should be given him: whereof nothing was made; and there were given him only 20, of which he had spent the 12 and there remained to him only 8 francs, which was a small thing to return with, seeing that he was the fifth on horseback. And for this it was ordained in the said Chamber of the said town by the said procurators, that there should be given him 12 francs. For this, 9 l. (2).

(2) See the complement of the feast made to Jean du Lys, above, p. 257.

To Regnault Brune, the 25th day of the said month, to give drink to a messenger who was bringing letters of Joan the Maid and was going to Guillaume Belier, bailiff of Troyes (1); for this, 2 s. 8 d. p.

(1) Residing at Blois. This explains a passage of the deposition of Raoul de Gaucourt (vol. III, p. 17) which I had suspected of being incorrect, though it was so. The embarrassment came from this, that Gaucourt, recounting the Maid’s arrival at Chinon in 1429, says she was given in guard to Guillaume Belier, bailiff of Troyes. Now it was impossible that Guillaume Belier should be bailiff of Troyes while Troyes still belonged to the English. The Orléans account proves that Gaucourt attributed to Guillaume Belier, in 1429, the possession of an office with which he was invested only later.

To Coeur-de-Lis (2), the 17th day of October 1436, for a journey which he made for the said town to the Maid, who was at Arlon in the duchy of Luxembourg; and for carrying the letters which he brought from the said Joan the Maid, to Loches, to the king who was there; in which journey he laboured 41 days, to wit 34 days in the journey of the Maid, and seven days to go to the king. And the said Coeur-de-Lis departed to go to the said Maid on Tuesday the last day of July, and returned the 2nd day of September following. For all this, 6 l. p.

(2) Another pursuivant-at-arms, so named in honour of Orléans, whose heraldic emblem was and still is a kind of trefoil called coeur de lis in terms of blazon.

To Jaquet Leprestre, the 2nd day of September, for bread, wine, pears and walnuts expended in the Chamber of the said town, at the coming of the said Coeur-de-Lis, who brought the said letters of Joan the Maid, and to give drink to the said Coeur-de-Lis who said he was much athirst; for this, 2 s. 4 d. p.

V. #

Extract from the contract of sale of the quarter of the lordship of Haraucourt, by Robert des Armoises and Jeanne du Lys, called the Maid, his wife; piece published by D. Calmet among the proofs of the Histoire de Lorraine, vol. III, col. cxcv.

We, Robert des Harmoises, knight, lord of Thichiemont, and Jeanne du Lys, the Maid of France, lady of the said Thichiemont, my wife, licensed and authorised by me, Robert abovenamed, to make agree and accord all entirely that follows: make known and acknowledge to all who shall see and hear these present letters, that we, jointly together, of a common accord and each of us by himself and for the whole, have sold, ceded and transferred, and by these presents sell, cede and transfer to the honourable person Collard de Failly, squire, dwelling at Marville, and to Poinsette, his wife, buying for themselves, all the fourth part entirely which we have, ought and can have, and which to us ought and can belong, on whatever account, title or reason it be or may be, as much by way of gage as otherwise, in all the town, ban, finage and confinage of Haraucourt, etc., etc.… In testimony of truth, and so that all the things abovesaid be firm and stable, we, Robert des Harmoises and Jeanne du Lys, the Maid of France, our wife abovenamed, have set and appended our own seals to these present letters; and besides we have prayed and required our most dear and great friend Jean de Thoneletil, lord of Villette, and Saubelet de Dun, provost of Marville, that they will set their seals on these presents with ours, by way of testimony. And we, Jean de Thoneletil and Saubelet de Dun, abovenamed, at the prayer of our most dear and great friends the abovesaid Messire Robert and Dame Jeanne, abovenamed, have set and appended our own seals to these present letters with theirs, by way of testimony, which were made and given in the year of grace of Our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty-six, in the month of November, the seventh day.

VI. #

Extract from the Chronicle of the Constable don Alvaro de Luna, ch. LXXV, entitled: How the Poncela being at La Rochela sent to ask succour of the King, and of what the Constable did for her. (Edition of D. Miguel Josef de Flores, Madrid 1784, 4to, p. 131.)

The Poncela of France being at La Rochela (1), a city one of the strongest of the world and of great importance, wrote to the king and sent him her ambassadors — besides those whom the king of France on his side sent — supplicating him much to send her some fleet of armada, as his lordship was bound to do, conformably to the confederation and brotherhood which existed between his lordship and the king of France, his lord. And the ambassadors arrived at Valladolid, where the king was, in this said year 1436, they were made great receptions and many feasts and honours. And the letter being given to the king which they brought from the Poncela, the signature of which the constable showed about the court to the grandees, as if it were a much-reverenced relic (for as he was spirited and valorous in a great manner, he loved those who were so likewise, and for this was much affectionate to the deeds of the Poncela); for which cause the constable, who jointly with the king his lord and by his command governed the realms of Castile, laboured much and brought it about with the king that there should be sent to the Poncela an armada and such that she and the king of France might be well succoured; because that befitted his service. The king then left it to the will and pleasure of the constable, that it should be done as should seem good to him. And then the constable sent to the coast of the sea in Biscay and Lupusca and other places, and caused to be armed twenty-five naves and fifteen caravels, the largest that could be found, victualled with arms and with the best men that could be had. And with this answer, the ambassadors departed from the king’s court, very content and joyous. With which succour the Poncela gained the said city, and had other victories and conquests, whereby the armada of Castile gained in those parts much honour, as in the chronicle of the Poncela, when it shall be brought to light (1), may well be seen.

(1) The Spanish author is perhaps mistaken in the name of the town; for although there exists a great lacuna in the history of La Rochelle, above all from the middle of the year 1436 to 1453, there is no likelihood that in that interval Charles VII lost that port, the only one remaining to him. What is certain is that in the month of June 1436, Margaret of Scotland, brought into France to espouse the Dauphin, landed at the port of La Rochelle, and that the ship which brought her, pursued by an English flotilla, owed its safety only to Spanish auxiliaries, come in time to close the entry of the roadstead to the enemies. This succour will have been confounded by the chronicler with others sent later at the request of the false Maid; for she certainly made war in Poitou. See below, p. 332. Thus one must distrust both the assertion relative to La Rochelle and the date of 1436 stated further on. But as to the substance of the narrative, there is no reason to hold it suspect. The unknown author of the life of Alvaro de Luna wrote in the time of Don Enrique IV or of Isabella the Catholic, after the best information. Perhaps he had had in his hands the letter of the false Joan of Arc which he says further on was shown as a relic by the constable.

(1) Is this chronicle of the Maid the same that Lenglet Dufresnoy says he sought so long without success, and that I myself have not been able to procure? I defer to what is said thereon in my preface.

VII. #

Extract from the accounts of the town of Orléans for the year 1439.

To Jaquet Leprestre, the 18th day of July, for ten pints and a chopine of wine presented to Dame Jehanne des Armoises; for this, 14 s. p. — To him, the 29th day of July, for ten pints and a chopine of wine presented to my said Dame Jehanne; for this, 14 s. p. — To him the penultimate day of July, for meat bought of Perrin Basin, Pierre Sevin present, to present to Madame Jehanne des Armoises; for this, 40 s. p. — To him for 21 pints of wine at dinner and at supper, presented to the said Jehanne des Armoises, that day; for this, 28 s. p. — To him, the first day of August, for ten pints and a chopine of wine presented to her at dinner, when she departed from this town; for this, 14 s. p.

To Jehanne d’Armoises, for a gift made to her the first day of August by deliberation made with the council of the town and for the good that she did to the said town during the siege; for this, 210 l. p.

To the said Jaquet, for eight pints of wine expended at a supper where were Jean Luilier and Thevanon de Bourges, because it was meant to be presented to the said Jehanne, who departed sooner than the said wine had come. For the said wine, 10 s. 8 d. p.

To Jean Pichon, the 4th day of September, for six pints and a chopine of wine at 8 d. the pint, presented to Dame Jehanne des Armoises; for this, 4 s. 4 d. p.

VIII. #

Article of the register of the Accounts of the town of Tours, for the year 1438–1439; in the archives of the mairie of Tours.

To the Receiver, by mandate given the 27th day of September, in the year abovesaid, here rendered, the sum of 4 l. t. which by our commandment and ordinance you have paid and given: to wit, to Jean Drouart, the sum of 60 s. t. for a journey which he made, in this present month, having gone to Orléans to carry closed letters which Mgr. the bailiff [of Touraine] was writing back to the king, our sire, touching the business of Dame Jehanne des Armoises, and certain letters that the said Dame Jehanne was writing back to the said lord.

IX. #

Testimony of Pierre Sala on the interview of Charles VII and the false Maid, where the latter’s imposture was at last discovered.

This piece, which could not have been conveniently detached from the narrative to which it belongs, is found in vol. IV of the present work, p. 281.

X. #

Extract from a remission of the Trésor des Chartes (Archives of the Realm, J. 176 A, piece 84), granted to the captain who took the conduct of the men-at-arms previously commanded by the false Joan of Arc, in Poitou.

Charles, by the grace of God king of France, make known to all present and to come, that we have received the humble supplication of Jean de Siquemville, squire of the country of Gascony, containing that, two years ago or thereabouts, the late sire de Rais, in his lifetime our counsellor chamberlain and marshal of France, under whom the said suppliant was, said to the said suppliant that he wished to go to Le Mans and that he wished him to take the charge and government of the men of war that one then had called Joan, who said she was the Maid, promising that if he took the said Mans, he should be captain of it; which suppliant, to obey and please the said late sire de Rais, his master, whose man he was by reason of his wife, granted him and took the said charge and held himself for a certain time about the countries of Poitou and of Anjou; and to have victuals and pay to sustain and maintain them until the return of his said late master, and until he should have news of him how he had to work, the said suppliant sent certain schedules to several villages being in the said countries of Poitou and of Anjou, and commanded the inhabitants being in them that they should come and compound with him, or else he and his said company would go lodge in the said villages; during which time that he thus held the fields, our most dear and most beloved son the Dauphin of Viennois, whom we sent into our country of Poitou to remove the pillagings and cause the men of war who were in it to withdraw, after it had come to his knowledge that the said suppliant thus held the fields and made our said countries compound, sent to take the said suppliant; and he was led prisoner to the castle of Montaigu where our said son and his council then were; and because the men of the said council of our said son, before whom he was led, wished to question and examine him on the things abovesaid, and fearing that they would proceed rigorously by justice against him, and to eschew the perils and dangers which might befall his person, he broke the prison where he was and escaped, etc., etc.… and fears that, on occasion of the things abovesaid, he has been summoned to the rights of justice and that proceedings have been or will be taken against his person and goods by ban or otherwise, whereby he would not dare return or dwell in the country nor go see his wife and household, unless our grace and mercy were imparted to him thereon, etc.… Therefore it is that we, these things considered and the good and agreeable services which the said suppliant has done us in time past in our wars, etc.… to the said suppliant have acquitted, remitted and pardoned the deeds and things abovesaid and each of them, and their circumstances and dependencies, and by these presents of special grace, full power and royal authority, do acquit, remit and pardon, etc., etc.… Given at Saint-Denis in France, in the month of June, in the year of grace 1441 and of our reign the nineteenth. Thus signed, By the king, the lord of Saintrailles and others present. D. BUDE. Visé.

XI. #

Extract from the Journal de Paris under Charles VI and Charles VII, at the month of August 1440.

In this time there was very great talk of the Maid, of whom mention has been made before, who was burned at Rouen for her demerits; and there were therefore many persons who were much abused about her, who firmly believed that by her holiness she had escaped from the fire and that another had been burned, thinking it was she.

Item, in this time the men-at-arms brought in one who was most honourably received at Orléans. And when she was near Paris, the great error began of firmly believing that it was the Maid; and for this cause the University and the Parliament caused her to come to Paris willy-nilly; and she was shown to the people at the Palais, on the marble stone, in the great court; and there she was preached and her life and all her estate treated; and she said that she was not a maid, and that she had been married to a knight of whom she had had two sons; and besides she said that she had done a certain thing, wherefore she had to go to the Holy Father, as of having laid hand on her father or mother, priest or clerk, violently; and that to guard her honour, as she said, she had struck her mother by misadventure, meaning to strike another, and for that she would well have eschewed her mother, had it not been for the great wrath in which she was (for her mother held her because she would beat a gossip of hers); for this cause she had to go to Rome. And for this she went there clothed as a man, and was as a soldier in the war of the Holy Father Eugene; and did homicide in the said war twice. And when she was at Paris, she returned again to the war, and was in garrison, and then went away (1).

(1) This text is that of De La Barre’s edition. Another redaction, of which Marcel gives a fragment in his Histoire de l’origine et des progrès de la monarchie françoise (vol. III, p. 423), is conceived in Latin from the words Et avec ce disoit, of which it does not contain the equivalent; but the phrase continues as if it were governed by et fut dit, which precedes the allegation that she was not a maid and that she had had two sons: Et Romam ivisse expiandi criminis fortuiti causa in percussa matre, et ibi in veste militari pro Eugenio papa decertasse et in praelio duos viros occidisse; similiter in Francia. Et sub convictu hybernali abcessit. [And that she had gone to Rome to expiate an accidental crime in striking her mother, and there in military garb had fought for Pope Eugene and in battle had slain two men; likewise in France. And she departed under winter quarters.]

XII. #

Extract from the book of Celebrated Women, by Antoine Dufaur (1); after the manuscript belonging today to M. le marquis de Coislin; article 91 and last, entitled Jehanne de Vaucouleurs.

There has well been since one falsely surnamed the Maid, of Le Mans, hypocrite, idolatress, invoker, sorceress, enchantress, wanton, dissolute, an evil mirror of abuse, who, according to her miserable estate, essayed to do as many ills as Joan the Maid had done goods. After her chimerical, feigned and lying devotion, abandoned of God and of men, like a true arch-strumpet, she kept public places. Of whom, for the honour of the good and virtuous, I will no longer write.

(1) This author was, at the same time as provincial of the Dominicans of France, confessor of Louis XII and of Anne of Brittany, at whose request he composed, in 1504, the work cited here. He died bishop of Marseille in 1509. A native of Orléans and charged by his fellow citizens to pronounce the sermon for the festival of 8 May 1501, he seems to have united all the conditions for being well informed on Joan of Arc’s account. Nevertheless, the notice he devoted to her swarms with errors, though it has not three pages. Philip of Bergamo appears to have been his principal guide. He would not deserve to be alleged, were it not for his testimony on the false Maid.

Supplement to the Pieces and Extracts Concerning the Maid #

I. Fragment of the Religious of Dunfermline #

I have nothing to add to what I have already said of this author in my fourth volume (p. 482). As for the promise I then made to give the very text of his testimony after the Oxford manuscript, I keep it without keeping it; for, by an unequalled fatality, the transcription of that manuscript is interrupted at the very place where the history of Joan of Arc begins. The little that has been copied of it is fitted to give regrets for what is wanting. I give this short fragment as it was sent to one of my friends by Dr Bandinel, chief keeper of the Bodleian Library.

The manuscript of the religious of Dunfermline, wrongly attributed to William Elphinstone, as I have explained in its place, bears the number 3888 of the Bodleian. It is no. 8 of the Fairfax collection.

From book v, chapter xxxi. — The king of France, affrighted with excessive fear, disposed himself to prepare with all his forces to go to the king of Scotland, James the first of this name. For on every side he had mortal enemies: to wit, the Duke of Brittany on the west, the Duke of Burgundy with the English on the north, the Duke also of Bourbon and the Duke of Savoy on the east, and the Prince of Orange on the south. And as he was young and had little money (without which nothing is strong, nothing good done in war), and, hopeless of aid, destitute of all help, counsel and favour, stripped of money, denuded of his warlike servants, mourning in heart, left alone, set amid straits, desiring rather to die than to live, he spoke lamentably, saying with tearful voice: I have lifted up mine eyes unto thee who dwellest in the heavens, and I lifted up mine eyes unto the hills whence cometh my help; and also: I cried unto the Lord when I was in tribulation. For his confessor was devout, to wit the Bishop of Castres, to whom he confessed daily, every day; and on feasts he took the sacrament of the body of Christ; three masses he devoutly heard on bended knees; he did not omit to say the canonical matins with commemorations of souls, and this he celebrated every day of the world with other prayers. And so drawing near to La Rochelle, where he purposed to go aboard ship, in the strongest city of all France, changing his place he shut himself up in the one called Poitiers, where for the time were the lords of the Parliament of Paris, driven out of the said town of Paris, who counselled him altogether to hold to the purpose he had begun.

But the merciful and pitiful God, patient, longsuffering and much merciful, who has His eyes upon the just, and His ears ever to their prayers, having also His face upon them that do evil, to cut off the remembrance of them from the earth, heard his prayers and sent him help from the holy place, transmitting to him a handmaid, a virgin girl, before this the puniest of all creatures and poorest in spirit, in body also small and little, yet taught and instructed from heaven, and animated, counselled and directed by the Holy Spirit, by whom, as her acts prove, she was inspired; who delivered her from all the ambushes of all the enemies, and shut [them] up in the hands of the enemy, and they had dominion over them that hated them. Of whose coming and of whose marvellous works declaration shall be made at length in what follows. Moreover, a noble and high heart should not let fall into oblivion the nobility, worth and valour of the said city of Orléans: for they, considering with unanimous consent their lord, the Duke of Orléans, being in their enemies’ hands, imprisoned and captive since the time of the war of Agincourt, caused to be publicly proclaimed that they had gold and silver in greatest abundance, and victuals and arms enough in reserve to the full for two years to come, for two thousand men-at-arms; and that whatsoever nobles and worthy leaders-at-arms, if they would take part with them in defending their city, should defend the said city to the death. And forthwith, in the sight of all, the city’s treasures, granaries and taverns being publicly opened, the casks overset and the bottoms drawn out, wines, grain, flesh and fish, and all other victuals besides, were open to the men-at-arms without price. Which heard, there came to them so great a store of the noblest men-at-arms that they chose the good into their vessels and cast the bad out. Who, sallying every day upon their enemies, made so cruel a slaughter, put them to flight, slew them and led captives into the town, that the king, hearing these things, received so great consolation and comfort in himself that from that hour every day, from day to day, he magnificently recovered in heart, and granted them, ennobling the same, perpetual freedom. And so in those days the aforesaid Maid, stirred up by the Holy Spirit, received the commandment to come to the king.

Ch. xxx. — There follows concerning the beginnings of the wondrous Maid, sent by divine provision to the succour of France, and of her acts.

In those days the Lord raised up the spirit of a certain wondrous girl, born in the marches of France, in the duchy of Lorraine, near the royal castle of Vaucouleurs, in the bishopric of Toul, towards the Empire. Which girl her father and mother kept to the keeping of the flock of sheep daily. With her fingers grasping the distaff, wholly lacking the marriage bed, and innocent, as was asserted, of every crime, having the testimony of innocence from her neighbours……

II. Ennoblement of Gui de Cailly, Companion of the Maid #

End of June 1429.

Piece communicated by M. Lambert, librarian of Carpentras, after manuscript no. X of Peiresc, in the library of the same town. This manuscript appears to contain part of the materials with which M. Charles du Lys composed his Traité sommaire du nom et des armes de la Pucelle, as well as the Recueil des inscriptions composed for the monument of the bridge of Orléans.

The ennoblement of Gui de Cailly, transcribed at fol. 400 of that volume, after an original on parchment whose provenance is not indicated, departs in its form from the usages of the old chancery. The services of the recipient, specified at length; those of the Maid, who recommended him to the king, related in a still more pompous manner; the tone of gladness and enthusiasm which reigns from one end of the piece to the other, are so many exceptions to the ordinary style of ennoblements. There is further to be remarked in this act the circumstance alleged therein of a revelation common to the Maid and to Gui de Cailly, a circumstance whence was taken the idea of the arms blazoned at the end of the ennoblement.

Charles, by the grace of God king of the Franks, to the perpetual memory of the thing. Placing before our eyes the celestial immensity of the divine benefits towards us in our warlike expeditions against our mortal enemies; and principally how great was the moment, when our affairs were inclining downward, of the most happy repulse of the siege of Orléans, which was most chiefly accomplished under the auspices and the happy coming and conduct of the illustrious Maid, and of Joan d’Arc of Domrémy, deserving of us infinitely, so that it may rightly be said that the approach and entry of the said Maid into that city to defend it and drive thence the said English enemies promised and foretold us an easier access to recover our other cities and towns: therefore pursuing with singular favour not only the said Joan, to whose remuneration we cannot sufficiently contribute, but also the warlike men, conspicuous by the ancient profession of arms, who stood by the said Joan in raising so celebrated a siege, and whose work and study she used most greatly in the battles and various conflicts around the said city and continually made since unto this day; among whom, by the same our well-beloved Joan of Domrémy, one especially was commended to us, for his utmost diligence and assiduous fighting with her, Guy de Cailly, a man laudable above all for the honesty of his manners, and among the citizens of the said city of Orléans notable and industrious, in fine given to all the exercises of noble men: desiring to decorate him with fitting insignia, which may be to him and to his posterity a perpetual increase of honour;

We make known to all present and to come that we, made the surer of the excellent services of the said Guy de Cailly, and how greatly he seconded with all his power the good will of the aforesaid Joan towards us, in receiving her in the fortress of Rully near Chécy, when first she was to be led into the city of Orléans, invited by a divine apparition of angels, of which by the same celestial favour the said Guy de Cailly was partaker, as we were informed more fully by her; in consideration whereof and of many other services which for long times he has manifoldly expended upon us and promises continually to expend in future;

We ennoble the said abovenamed Guy de Cailly, long since going among the nobles and bearing himself as a noble, and his family masculine and feminine born and to be born in lawful matrimony, and by God’s grace special and of our certain knowledge, and of the plenitude of our power, we pronounce them nobles and, in so far as need were, make and create them anew; expressly granting that he and his posterity born and to be born, in their acts, in judgment and out, be held for nobles; and we render them able peacefully to enjoy and use the privileges, liberties and other prerogatives and rights which the other nobles of our realm, begotten of noble race, have been accustomed to use and do use; and we aggregate the said Guy de Cailly and his aforesaid posterity to the company of the other nobles of the said realm begotten of noble stock: willing also that he and his masculine posterity, when and as often as it shall please them, may obtain the girdle of knighthood from whatsoever knight, and be decorated with whatsoever other more sublime titles; further granting to the same, in so far as need were, and to his aforesaid posterity, that they may acquire fiefs and retro-fiefs and noble things from nobles and whatsoever other persons, and retain, hold and possess perpetually those already acquired, without that they be compelled now or in time to come to put them out of their hands in any wise, and without that they be bound to pay any finance to us or our officers; which finance indeed to the said Guy de Cailly, in favour of the premises, we have given and quitted, and give and quit of ampler grace by these presents. And to himself finally and to the said posterity, in favour likewise of the said apparition, three heads of higher angels, of fiery colour and splendour, winged and bearded, in a shield azure heightened with silver (1), as he believed he saw them in the said apparition, to bear for perpetual insignia of nobility and to set and cause to be set wheresoever he will, we have conceded, and by these presents, as they are depicted in the same, do concede, in hope of the continuance of his services to us.

(1) These arms are blazoned thus in French: Azure heightened with silver, three heads of cherubim winged and bearded of a flaming colour which is gold shaded with gules. This translation is found in a draft of letters patent drawn up by Charles du Lys and tending to obtain for one of his sons, who had married a demoiselle de Cailly, the right to bear the arms of Cailly in an inescutcheon over the quartered arms of Arc and du Lys. (Same MS., fol. 404.) I have not thought it right to reproduce these letters, whose text, less the clause in question, is identically that of piece no. LVII of the present volume, p. 225.

Wherefore to our beloved and faithful officers of our accounts, and to our general counsellors upon the fact and government of all our finances, to our bailiff of Orléans and our other justices and officers or their lieutenants, present and to come, and to each of them, so far as it shall appertain to him, by the tenor of these we give in commandment that they cause and permit the said Guy de Cailly and his aforesaid posterity, born and to be born, peacefully and perpetually to use and enjoy our present grace, ennoblement, donation, quittance and concession, and that they nowise hinder or molest them against the tenor of these presents, nor suffer them to be molested or hindered by anyone. Which, that they may obtain the strength of perpetual firmness, we have thought good to append to the present letters our seal ordained in the absence of the great seal, our own right being saved in others and in all things whatsoever another’s.

Given at Sully, in the month of June, in the year of the Lord 1429, and of our reign the seventh.

And on the fold is written: By the King, the Bishop of Sées present. And signed: Lepicart. And they are sealed with the great seal of green wax on laces of red and green silk, with double tail.

III. Letter Written by the Agents of a Town or of a Prince of Germany #

End of June.

Piece recently published at Leipzig in the Serapeum (no. 23 of the year 1847). The discovery of it is owing to M. Pfeiffer, librarian of the king of Württemberg, who found it transcribed in a fifteenth-century manuscript (no. 1, medica) of the Stuttgart library. Destitute of address as of the ordinary formulas of greeting and farewell, clothed with the signatures of wholly unknown personages, conceived in bad German, this letter emanates without any doubt from agents sent into France by some power of high Germany. It was written in the last days of June, at the moment when Charles VII was taking the field to go to be consecrated at Reims.

The dates of the events are there established after a calendar several days behind ours. M. H. Michelant, author of the translation which will be read below, assures me that the acts relative to the Swabian League, in the fifteenth century, often present the same irregularity.

[The German original is printed in parallel with M. Michelant’s French translation, which is here rendered into English.]

First came the Maid, the twenty-fifth day before May, before Orléans, and she undertook to assail the boulevards and to obtain that the English should be beaten before Orléans; and with her were the Bastard of Orléans, the lord de Boussac, marshal of France, the Baron de Coulonces, the lord de Rais. These lords all had a fair following of men-at-arms and of archers, and besides much common people; and as soon as they arrived before [the town], one of the boulevards which was called Saint-Loup, where there were many English, they carried it by a vigorous assault and put them all to death so that not one escaped. When they had carried that boulevard, then the English who were in two other boulevards took to flight, of which one was called Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, the other was near a bridge between two waters. They rushed out, burned the boulevards, and withdrew into another great boulevard, well fortified, which was called Portereau. Then, on the 27th of the same month, that same fortress of Portereau was assailed on both sides, and the assault was then vigorous and dreadful, and it lasted from the morning until six hours after noon, and the Maid held her banner all the time. Many English were slain there, and few of them escaped; they were slain or taken. Then, on the 28th of the same month, the other English who were in the other boulevards set themselves in motion and abandoned their bastilles and their boulevards. One was called Paris, the other Rouen, the third Saint-Pouair (1), and they fled away by night. After, the Maid marched towards the king, who received her joyfully in the town of Tours. The Maid set out again, and with her the Duke of Alençon, the lord of Vendôme, the Bastard of Orléans, the marshal of France, the admiral and many another captain, with a strong company of knights and squires, and with much people on foot of the commons. And they came before a town called Jargeau, the sixth day of June, and camped that night and the morning before it until two hours after noon; then they began to assail the said town vigorously and valiantly. And a boulevard was situated near a bridge before the town, and the assault lasted until four or five hours before night, and the boulevard was carried, and there were slain a hundred and sixteen English, knights and squires, gentlemen born in England. And there was taken the Earl of Suffolk, the Pole, and his brother. And the Maid stood all the time with her banner, knightly and bravely, without drawing back and without taking rest. Thus it was a terrible and dreadful assault, such that one cannot bear the like. Stones were cast upon the Maid, but she received no hurt, by the grace of God who preserved her. And there were well five hundred fighting men in the boulevard of the English; and they were all slain so that none of them escaped, save the three lords named above, who were made prisoners. And the king is now in the fields with the Maid, and many English are driven from the land; for the Maid has assured them that before Saint-John-Baptist’s day of the year twenty-nine come, there shall be no Englishman, so strong and so valiant be he, who shall let himself be seen in France, whether in field or in battle. Then, on the eighteenth day of the abovesaid month, the Maid came with the king and his company before Beaugency. There came the English, and they demanded battle of the Maid, which she desired also with all her heart. The fight was made before the town, and the Maid won the battle with the aid of God. There were slain of the English four to five thousand. There were taken three great captains; the one is called Talbot, [the second] the lord de Scales, the third the Falstolf. Given in 1429, the … day of the month of June.

(1) The French translator supplies lacuna; M. Pfeiffer proposes stadt.

Le Conte Vaste.

Jean Rotrensor.

IV. Letter of Jean Desch, Secretary of the Town of Metz #

16 July 1429.

Same provenance as the piece which precedes, and doubtless the same destination; it likewise lacks an address. It is of great importance, in that it makes known all the rumours which circulated in the east of France at the moment of the journey to Reims. Some of these rumours are proved false by subsequent facts; others, though having their confirmation nowhere else, would hardly be called in doubt, as for example the refusal of the Picards and the Flemings to come in arms against the king and the Maid. I will say as much of the submission of Vitry, Sainte-Menehould and Épernay, of which no chronicler speaks.

The manner in which this letter is dated calls for some explanation. All rests upon the day of Saint Margaret, which is the 20th July, as everyone knows. But in computing after that term, we should make the author of the letter commit too grave an error, since he would place on the 18th July the capitulation of Troyes, which took place on the 10th, and on the other hand we should make him ignorant, eight days after its accomplishment, of Charles VII’s entry into Reims, of which he speaks only as of a future thing. These difficulties disappear if it be admitted that Saint Margaret’s was celebrated at Metz, not on the 20th but on the 13th July, as was done at Verdun, according to the Bollandists.

[The German original is printed in parallel with the French translation, here rendered into English.]

I write you also of France, concerning the Dauphin and the Maid. She has well thirty-three thousand fighting men on horseback and forty thousand on foot; and they came the Monday before Saint Margaret’s day towards Troyes into the town, and they took those within who had assembled; and those of Châlons came to Troyes and brought the keys of their town, and they presented them to the Dauphin and surrendered to him. Those of Reims have also prepared and disposed themselves to receive honourably and worthily the Dauphin and to crown him. He is to be there between Saint Margaret’s day and Saint James’s day. Also he [sent] the lord of … (1), who is his principal captain, before two towns for Saint Margaret’s day: the one is called Sainte-Menehould, the other Vitry; they are occupied, but it is thought they will surrender. The Duke of Anjou, the Count of Richemont, the Count of Harcourt are to be at Reims with the Queen on the Thursday after Saint Margaret’s day; they are at present at Épernay, which has surrendered to the King this week (2). And assuredly what is said is true: that all that the Maid and the Dauphin undertake succeeds for them in all things without any resistance. The Duke of Burgundy (3) has great hopes (4), and he would well have wished to have the Flemings and the Picards to succour the regent of England, who is his brother-in-law; but they would by no means aid him out of their country, and thus he is too weak to enter France. Also, eight weeks ago, more than ten thousand English were beaten and made prisoners, and also some great lords. I have seen and read many letters sent from France to the Duke of Lorraine and to other princes who are at present before Metz (5); in these letters the things are written clearly and in detail. Much chivalry sets out from these German lands; they wish to go find the Dauphin at Reims. Given at Metz, the Saturday after Saint Margaret’s day, in the year of the Lord 1429.

(1) Lacuna of a proper name which the copyist, author of the manuscript, could not read. I would propose to supply Boussac, then marshal of France, and consequently principal captain.

(2) Des König in the German text: M. Pfeiffer, in giving this reading of the manuscript, proposes dem in its place.

(3) Borbonien in the German text: read Borgonien [Burgundian].

(4) The sense of what follows seems to call for a negation here: heit nit grosse, etc.

(5) The town of Metz was then besieged by the Duke of Lorraine. It was even from that siege that René of Anjou departed to join Charles VII.

Jean Desch (6), secretary of the town of Metz.

(6) This name, which is that of one of the most powerful families of the old republic of Metz, is always written Dex in the titles as in the chronicles of the city. It was pronounced Déché, because x, in the old Lorraine orthography, equals ch. More recently it has been written Desch.

V. Contribution of the Town of Bourges for the Siege of La Charité #

24 November 1429.

Piece printed by La Thaumassière in his Histoire de Berry, p. 161, after a copy communicated to him by M. Gassot de Priou.

To all who shall see these present letters, Guillaume Bastard, licentiate in canon and civil law, lieutenant of my lord the Bailiff of Berry, greeting. We make known that today, we being seated in judgment, several of the most notable burgesses and men of council of the said town there assisting, there came before us Pierre de Beaumont, procurator of the said burgesses and inhabitants of the said town of Bourges, saying that promptly and without delay it was needful to send by the said burgesses and inhabitants to the high and puissant lord my lord of Albret, Count of Dreux and of Gavre, the king’s lieutenant in his country of Berry for the fact of the war, and Joan the Maid, being at the siege before the town of La Charité-sur-Loire, by the ordinance and commandment of the king our said lord, the sum of thirteen hundred gold crowns current at present, to maintain their men, or otherwise they and their said men must depart from before the said town and raise the said siege, which would be the greater damage for the said town and all the country of Berry if the said siege were raised for default of payment of the said sum; and that there would be found certain private burgesses of the said town who would lend the said sum, on putting to auction price the farm of the thirteenth penny of the wine sold at retail in the said town of Bourges for one year beginning the eleventh of the present month of November, etc., requiring of us that we cause the said farm to be cried at auction, etc. After the said requests made to us as aforesaid, we demanded the opinion of the said burgesses and men of council also assisting, as is said above, one after another, whether we could do the things abovesaid, etc. Who answered us that we lawfully could and might do it, to obviate a greater damage, and gave their consent thereto. Wherefore we, having heard the request, opinion and consent abovesaid, to the four commissioners and chosen men of the government of this town, gave leave, licence and authority on behalf of the king, to put or cause to be put up the said farm, etc. And forthwith we caused the said farm to be cried at auction, etc., which after several cries remained at auction, as to the highest bidder and last offerer, in our said presence, to Jean de la Loe, burgess of Bourges, at the price and sum of two thousand livres tournois; which Jean promised to give and furnish forthwith the said thirteen hundred crowns, etc. And this to all whom it shall appertain, we certify by these present letters, as done at the days held at Bourges by us, lieutenant abovesaid, and given under the seal of the causes of the said bailiwick, the 24th day of November in the year 1429.

Signed, CHASTEAUFORT.

VI. Joan’s Capture Announced to the Duke of Brittany #

End of May 1430.

The mention of the fact is entered, as follows, in a collection of extracts taken in the last century from the registers, today destroyed, of the Chamber of Accounts of Brittany. The collection in question forms part of the manuscripts of the Bibliothèque nationale (Suppl. fr. no. 2542, fol. 8).

To a rider of the Duke of Burgundy, named Lorraine, come to the duke to bring letters and news of the taking of the Maid.

VII. Stay of the Maid at the Castle of Drugy #

November 1430.

When Joan was conducted from the castle of Beaurevoir to Rouen, she passed a night at the castle of Drugy, situated beside the town of Saint-Riquier. The tradition of this fact still subsists in the country, and it has given occasion to believe that a commemorative statue of the Maid was sculptured in the southern portal of the church of Saint-Riquier, built in 1511. This attribution, assuredly false, is found entered in one of the volumes of the Recueil de dom Grenier on Picardy (at the Bibliothèque nationale, paquet 4, art. 3). The statue is there described thus: She is represented in woman’s habit with a hat on her head. She holds in her right hand a lance broken in part. The left arm is broken. She is tall and well made. She is fair of face and appears with eyes cast down and announcing a certain sadness. Be that as it may, a monument more worthy of faith attests the Maid’s stay at Drugy. It is a chronicle compiled in 1492 by order of Eustache Lequeux, abbot of Saint-Riquier, whose author is a certain Jean de la Chapelle, curate of a church of the country and apostolic notary.

Most inexact as to the rest of the facts, since he places the Maid’s apparition in 1428 and supposes that she was beheaded before being burned, Jean de la Chapelle has value only for the circumstance which concerns his locality. The manuscript of his work is at the Bibliothèque nationale, in the volume of dom Grenier mentioned above. We extract from it the following passage:

In that same year, the English would have subjugated the city of Orléans; whereupon befell a thing marvellous and true; for while King Charles, young and newly ordained king, wishing to cast off and repudiate the said English, there came a certain young girl otherwise named Joan, born of Lorraine as was said, armed and with great power, who said to the said king: Fear not. I am a woman warrior, a maid sent of God to thee in thy parts and in aid of thy town of Orléans, to free it from its enemies; whom, the Most High favouring, I will put to flight. I will conduct thee to Reims, that there thou mayest be anointed king and crowned in the town of Saint-Denis: which I will do. And doubt not of these things, for I am sent of the Lord. Which she did; for she, armed with her army, vanquished the English and their bastilles before the town of Orléans, and subjugated them, and they took flight. She made prisoner the Earl of Talbot and many other English, coming to Reims that the king might there be anointed. She subjugated and united to the realm Auxerre, Sens, Troyes, Châlons, Provins, Reims, Soissons, Laon, Noyon, Compiègne, Senlis, Crépy, Beauvais and many other towns, cities, castles and walled places then being in obedience to the English. Yet, all things being accomplished, before the town of Compiègne the said Joan the Maid was taken captive and detained, and at length delivered into the hands of the English. And as they led her to the city of Rouen that she might there be beheaded and burned with fire, she slept and passed the night in the castle of Drugy; and in the same castle there saw her Dom Nicolas Bourdon, provost, Dom Jean Capellani, almoner, and many other religious of this church. And of her there shall be memory hereafter, for the said English hated her with unrighteous hatred.

VIII. Itinerary Followed by the Maid from Drugy to Rouen #

November 1430.

What follows is extracted from the Histoire généalogique des comtes de Ponthieu et Maieurs d’Abbeville, a work which appeared in 1657. Père Ignace de Jésus Maria (Jacques Samson), author of that history, appears to have had at his disposal divers documents on Joan of Arc which are wanting to us today. I cite him for that reason, though the good half of his narrative is made up of the chronicle of Jean Le Chapelain and the two trials. He is the only author who speaks of a visit of the ladies of Abbeville to the Maid, and who traces the itinerary that she was made to follow when she was transferred from the Crotoy to Rouen. Perhaps it will be well to distrust his testimony until the originals confirming it be recovered.

As soon as she was between the hands of her enemies, she was led to the castle of Beaulieu, and thence to Beaurevoir, whereof Jean du Luxembourg, knight, was lord; then she was conducted to the castle of Drugy near Saint-Riquier, where the ancient religious of the abbey visited her for honour, to wit Dom Nicolas Bourdon, provost, and Dom Jean Chappelin, grand almoner, with the principals of the town; and all had compassion to see her persecuted, being wholly innocent.

From the castle of Drugy (which then belonged to the abbey of Saint-Riquier and is now ruined), she was led to the castle of the Crotoy, where, by the providence of God, she often heard the holy sacrifice of the mass celebrated there, in the chapel of the castle, by the chancellor of the cathedral church of Notre-Dame of Amiens, named Master Nicolas de Guenville, doctor of laws, a most notable man, who was then detained prisoner there, and who administered to her the sacrament of confession and of the most holy eucharist, and spoke much good of this virtuous and most chaste girl.

Some ladies of quality, damoiselles and burgesses’ wives of Abbeville, went to see her as a marvel of their sex and as a generous soul inspired of God for the good of France. They congratulated her on having had the good hap of seeing her so constant and so resigned to the will of Our Lord, wishing her all manner of favours of Heaven. The Maid thanked them cordially for their charitable visit, commended herself to their prayers, and kissing them amicably said to them: À Dieu [farewell]. These venerable persons shed tears of tenderness in taking leave of her, and returned in company by boat upon the river Somme as they had come; for there are five leagues from Abbeville to the Crotoy.

After these honest ladies had departed, the Maid, admiring their frankness, their candour and their simplicity, said: Ah, what a good people is here! Would to God that I might be so happy, when I shall end my days, as to be buried in this country (1).

(1) This circumstance has every appearance of an embroidery of which the Reverend Father Ignace took the material from the rehabilitation trial. Vol. III, p. 14.

At the beginning of the year 1430, the 13th of January, the Englishman sent a mandate whereby he ordained that the Maid should be transferred from the Crotoy to Rouen and that she should be put into the hands of Brother Jean Magistri, of the order of the Friars Preachers, inquisitor of the faith, to cause her to be examined by Master Pierre Cauchon, Bishop of Beauvais, in whose spiritual jurisdiction she had been taken, in order to make her trial (2).

(2) This paragraph, from one end to the other, is a tissue of errors. Joan was at Rouen at least from the 28th December 1430; and she was not delivered to Jean Magistri, who was adjoined as judge only in the month of March.

She said then adieu to those of the castle of the Crotoy, who regretted her departure, for she had greatly consoled them. The chamber where she lay is still to be seen, which retained since that time some respect when one enters it (3). On issuing from the walls of the town of Crotoy, she was put into a barque accompanied by several guards, to make her pass the passage of the river Somme, which is very broad in that place, because it is the mouth of the ocean sea, which contains about half a league when the tide is risen, and she came down to Saint-Valery, which she saluted with heart and eyes, it being the patron of the country of Vimeu into which she entered, as she had saluted the church of Saint-Riquier, patron of the country of Ponthieu whence she issued.

(3) No vestiges remain of the old castle of the Crotoy, nor of the tower where the Maid was a prisoner; the sands have covered what might remain of the foundations, and that for a very long time. Le Brun des Charmettes, Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, vol. II, p. 163.

She did not stop in the town of Saint-Valery; for her guards conducted her to the town of Eu (1), and thence to Dieppe, then at last to Rouen, which was the town chosen to be the last theatre of honour where the virtue of our holy Maid was to appear.

(1) There is ground to believe that the unfortunate Joan of Arc, who was conducted from the castle of the Crotoy to Rouen, must have passed through Eu and sojourned in the castle prison, which was situated at the north corner of the present building, still named the Lions’ Pit. Estancelin, Histoire des comtes d’Eu.

IX. Ennoblement of Jean de Novelonpont, Companion of the Maid #

March 1440–41.

To bring out the better the unusual form of the ennoblement of Gui de Cailly (p. 343), I give here that of Jean de Novelonpont, which is drawn up in the ordinary style. Though Jean de Novelonpont rendered much greater services than Gui de Cailly, since he was one of those who brought the Maid into France (2), yet none of his actions is recorded in the king’s letters. He is designated therein only as a man of free condition who distinguished himself in the wars. He is moreover given the surname of Jean de Metz, which he bears equally in the acts of the trial. He owed this surname to the place of his origin, because Novelonpont (today Nouillonpont) formed part of the Metz country.

(2) See vol. II, p. 435.

The piece is taken from the Trésor des Chartes at the National Archives, register 224, piece 126.

Charles, etc., to the perpetual memory of the thing. They have merited to be raised to the summit of nobility who are approved to excel by the excellence of their virtues, the culture of their manners, the glory of honour, the splendour of fame and the celebrity of life; so that, if they have not drawn a clear origin, they may yet rejoice in their own excellent acts. We make known therefore to all present and to come that, having regard to the praiseworthy life, honesty of manners and splendour of fame wherewith our beloved Jean de Novyllompont, otherwise called de Metz, is said to be distinguished; having further considered the laudable and most gratuitous services expended by him upon us in our wars and otherwise, and which we hope will be yet more expended in future: We, for these causes, wishing to honour his person so that it may redound to him and to all his posterity and progeny for ever to honour and increase, have by these presents ennobled the said Jean de Novyllompont, who is said to be of free condition, with his posterity and progeny of either sex begotten and to be begotten in lawful matrimony, and each of them, of the plenitude of our royal power, royal authority and special grace, and make them nobles, and render them able to all and singular the things which the other nobles of our realm use and may use or have been accustomed to use; so that the said Jean and his progeny and masculine posterity, begotten and to be begotten in lawful matrimony, may, whenever and by whatsoever knight they will, be decorated with the girdle of knighthood. Granting to the said Jean and to all his posterity and progeny born and to be born in lawful matrimony, that in all and singular acts, places and things, in judgment and out, they be henceforth held, had and reckoned not as un-noble or plebeian, but as nobles, and also that they peacefully use and in perpetuity enjoy all and singular the privileges, prerogatives, franchises, honours, liberties and rights which the other nobles of our realm may use and do use; and that the said Jean and his progeny and posterity begotten and to be begotten of lawful matrimony may freely hold and possess fiefs, retro-fiefs and other noble possessions, whatsoever they be and with whatsoever nobility they shine, acquired and already had by the said Jean and his posterity born, as is aforesaid, and to be born, hitherto and also to be acquired and had in future, and perpetually retain and lawfully have them, as if they had been of old originally nobles begotten on both sides; without that they be constrained to sell them in whole or in part or put them out of their hands: paying to us on this occasion a moderate finance to be composed by our beloved and faithful officers of our Accounts and our treasurers. Wherefore to the said officers of our Accounts and treasurers, and to the bailiffs of Sens, Chaumont and Vitry, and our other justices, officers and subjects and their lieutenants, present and to come, and to each of them, so far as it shall appertain to him, by the tenor of these presents we give in commandment that they cause and permit the aforesaid Jean and his posterity and progeny born and to be born in lawful matrimony, as is aforesaid, to use and enjoy our present ennoblement and grace, nor hinder or disquiet them or any of them, or suffer them to be hindered or troubled, now or in future, in any wise against the tenor of these presents. Which that it may remain firm and stable for ever, we have thought good to append our seal to these presents, our own right being saved in others and in all things whatsoever another’s. Given at Montils-lès-Tours, in the month of March, in the year of the Lord 1448, and of our reign the twenty-seventh. Thus signed: By the King, You, the lords de Fayette, de Precigné, and divers others present. E. Chevarier. Visé. Contentor. E. Froment.

X. Letter of the Cardinal d’Estouteville to Charles VII #

22 May 1452.

Piece relative to the despatch of the inquiry which was made at Rouen by order of the cardinal himself and terminated on 10 May 1452. The persons charged with carrying this piece to Charles VII are the two great instigators of the rehabilitation, Jean Bréhal and Guillaume Bouillé. We give the letter after the original on paper preserved in the collection of dom Grenier (paquet 27, no. 2), at the Bibliothèque nationale.

My sovereign lord, I commend myself most humbly to your good grace. And may it please you to know that there are coming towards you presently the Inquisitor of the faith and master Guillaume Bouyllé, dean of Noyon, who will report to you full well all that has been done in the trial of Joan the Maid. And because I know that the thing greatly touches your honour and estate, I have employed myself therein with all my power and shall ever employ myself, as a good and loyal servant ought to do for his lord, as you will be more amply informed by the abovesaid. Nothing else for the present, my sovereign lord, save that you send me always your good pleasures to accomplish them. To the pleasure of God, who have you in His holy keeping and give you good life and long. Written at Paris, the 22nd day of May.

Your most humble and most obedient servant, The Cardinal d’Estouteville.

XI. Inscription of the Monument of the Maid Restored by the Orléanais in 1571 #

This inscription is found in the notes to the Notitia regni Franciae of Jean Limnaeus (4to, Strasbourg, 1655; lib. VI, c. 6, note q). It was engraved on a marble tablet. It contains the verse of Psalm 117, A Domino factum est istud, etc., which accompanies as a legend the representation of the monument figured on the reverse of all the tokens that the town of Orléans caused to be struck at the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth century.

The death of Christ on the cross healed us of the contagion of the stain of eternal sicknesses: King Clovis in this sign routed his enemies, and the Virgin Joan delivered Orléans from the siege and all Gaul from British servitude: This was done of the Lord, and it is marvellous in our eyes: In memory of whom these insignia of our faith, not long since thrown down by the impious, are restored in this year 1571 (1).

(1) The date as given by the annotator of Limnaeus implies the omission of at least one sign which recalled the month of the dedication of the monument.

XII. Sequel of the Memoir to Consult on Guillaume de Flavy #

This is the complement of the piece printed above, p. 173. The Maid is no longer in question in it, but it may serve to refute those who argue the treason of Guillaume de Flavy towards Joan from the prosecutions afterwards exercised against him.

After the people of Compiègne had been four months without selling bread publicly, receiving few refreshments, the enemies had by trenches, forts and bastilles surrounded the town, occupied and blocked all the avenues, so that they had trouble to make their necessity known to the Count of Vendôme; who, having been able to assemble only eight score lances, had advanced on the 24th October 1430 with the Marshal de Boussac, to put some refreshment into the town, having no thought or presumption of making the siege be raised; but the enemies, presuming the succouring troops to be stronger (who were journeying between the forest of Cuise and the river Oise, because the other roads were trenched and blocked), had ranged and set their army in battle. On the opposite side, those of the town, disposed by their captain, taking thereupon the occasion to attack a great and strong bastille which was on the great road of Pierrefonds at the maladrerie of Saint-Lazare, a bow-shot and a half from the town, in which several gentlemen, captains and three hundred men of war had been left, after having been rebuffed and repulsed two several times, carried it by main force at the third assault, at which the men and women of the town were employed; and by this taking made opening to a troop of the succour which was bringing some victuals, and gave so many alarms to the others that the Duke of Vendôme, the Marshal de Boussac and the company had means to enter the town without any combat and without losing a single man. Whereat the courage of the besiegers was so abated that from the morrow morning they scattered on one side and the other, without defending or warning those whom they had put in garrison in the other forts and bastilles around the town: which were attacked, taken and surrendered, in which was found so much munitions and victuals that the town was refreshed thereby, the bridge remade whereby de Flavy caused his troops to pass and to overrun all the country as far as the river Somme, where they had routed the army that the Duke of Burgundy, who was at Péronne, was causing to be assembled and set on foot again.

And afterwards, the duke having advanced as far as Roye, they presented him battle: which had rendered Flavy so rich and redoubtable that his condition would have remained envied by the greatest of the realm. Messire Arthur, Count of Richemont, constable of France, afterwards Duke of Brittany, being of this number, had made his way to Compiègne in December 1436, accompanied by several lords, notably Messire Pierre de Rieux, Count of Rochefort, marshal of France, the king’s lieutenant in Normandy, and [had] put under arrest the said de Flavy, under pretext of some complaint, then discharged him of the captaincy; desiring to accommodate himself thereto, he had procured to be elected and named thereto. And the inhabitants having caused assembly to be made on the tenth of December, their suffrages had remained upon the constable; to whom, the act of the election having been carried, he had willingly accepted the said charge, prayed the attorneys and governors to go or send to the King to obtain the confirmation, which was brought on the 13th of the said month by Pierre Le Vacher, rider. Thereupon the said lord constable, as captain, had received the oath of the said inhabitants and left in the town, to command it, Messire Jean de Villeblanche and the lord de Rostrenan. Who, being Bretons, had neither the tongue nor the favour of the country: which had been cause that the neighbourhood had been much harassed by courses and pillagings of men of war, procured by the said de Flavy, who had withdrawn to the castle of Offémont, at the house of Messire Gui de Nesle, his cousin, keeping up the acquaintances and practices that he had had in the town; whereupon the English and those of that country had taken occasion to contrive enterprises which put the inhabitants in trouble, for the little credence they had in the Bretons. The said de Flavy, having taken his time when two pursuivants, of whom one was Madame de Guienne’s, had come to give notice of an enterprise by the English, had presented himself and offered to keep the inhabitants all assured and the country in peace, and had [been] received and brought into the town by the ejection of those whom the constable had left there. Who had made great prosecutions and solicitude to re-enter it; even sent letters of abolition and pardon (of 4 November 1437) for the introduction of the said de Flavy, on condition of ejecting him. To avoid which, Flavy had been constrained to treat with the constable and give him four thousand crowns, whereof, holding himself aggrieved, he had sought the means of resenting it; and having word that the Marshal de Rieux had departed from Paris and was making his way to pass the river Oise at Pont-Sainte-Maxence, five leagues from Compiègne, to go to Paris to the King, he had caused his company, conducted by Messire Robinet Lhermitte, his lieutenant, to go before the said marshal, who was arrested and led into the great tower of Compiègne, where the said de Flavy detained him long. And seeing himself pressed by the inhabitants, who had mandate and commandment of the King to cause him to be set at liberty, he had caused him to be transported from place to place, to lose trace of him; so that after a long and miserable prison, the said marshal had deceased in the castle of Nesle-en-Tardenois, belonging to the said de Flavy by reason of Blanche d’Aurebruche, his wife. For reason whereof, after long prosecution made as much against the said de Flavy as against his heirs (1), a decree of Parliament had intervened, of 9 September 1509, sixty-one years after the decease of the said de Flavy, against Jeanne de Flavy, his great-niece, wife of Jean sire de Moranviller, of which summary an abstract had been written on a cross placed in the rue du Pont, opposite the great tower of Compiègne, by order of Master Lecoq, counsellor, executor of the said decree.

(1) These prosecutions could only have taken place because the family of Flavy had lost the amplification of the letters of grace obtained by Guillaume by reason of the same facts. With good will, these letters would be found confirmed at the Parliament of Paris. Here is the text of them, which we take from the register marked X, no. 20202, at the National Archives: Charles, by the grace of God king of France, make known to all present and to come that, as about the month of December in the year 1436 our most dear and beloved cousin the Count of Richemont, constable of France, had taken and arrested in our town of Compiègne our well-beloved esquire of the stable Guillaume de Flavy, and had taken from him the captaincy and put him out of the said our town of Compiègne, to which he had before been and was committed and ordained by us; and about the month of March then next ensuing, the said Guillaume de Flavy, with the aid of some of his brothers, of some captains or men of war inhabiting or resorting to the said town and of others of several estates, had in fact retaken the said town, which was then in the hands of the lord de Rostrenan, commissioned by our said constable in our name; in making which taking, and since, some of the men appointed by the said de Rostrenan or others for the guard thereof, as Jean Villebranche and others, had been held prisoners, put out of our said town, and had lost some horses, armours and other their goods, and one of them, in making the said taking, wounded by a shaft so that death ensued therefrom; and our said town the said Guillaume had ever since held, as he still holds, for and in our name; and because the late Pierre de Rochefort, in his lifetime knight, marshal of France, was in the company of our said cousin the Count of Richemont when he took and put out of the said Compiègne the said Guillaume, the said Guillaume for this cause, thinking thereby to have accord and peace with our said cousin, of his will, a certain time after held in arrest and in close prison in fact at the said Compiègne and elsewhere, the said Marshal de Rochefort, namely in his castle of Nesle-en-Tardenois, in which place there supervened meanwhile a pestilence of epidemic whereof died several persons, as well of the guards of the said de Rochefort as others of the said castle; and of it the said de Rochefort was stricken and smitten, so that he passed from life to decease, whereof the said Guillaume was most wroth and displeased. For occasion of which things the said Guillaume, who all his time has greatly and loyally served us in body and power in arms, in the fact of our wars against our enemies and adversaries, without varying, fears to have incurred our indignation and to be able for the causes abovesaid to be prosecuted by justice, and for this cannot and dare not well expose himself in our service as he had done heretofore, and yet desires to do it: We, duly informed and ascertained of the things abovesaid, and for consideration of the good and great services which the said Guillaume, his said brothers, etc., have done to us and to our predecessors in several manners, and hope that they will yet do hereafter, and other causes moving us thereto: to the said Guillaume de Flavy, his brothers, inhabitants, dwellers and resorters of our said town of Compiègne, and who were and have been aiding and consenting to the retaking of the said our town, to the taking or arrest, death or decease of the said marshal, of our special grace, full power and royal authority, have quitted, remitted, pardoned and abolished, and by these presents do quit, remit, pardon and abolish the deeds and cases abovesaid. Given at Laon, the year of grace 1441 after Easter.

And as for Guillaume de Flavy, he had maintained himself until his decease in the captaincy of Compiègne, having greatly enriched himself, acquired several lands and lordships, even possessed himself of the persons, houses and goods of Messire Robert d’Aurebruche and Agnes de Francières, and of Blanche, their daughter, whom he had espoused; and of the said marriage had proceeded Charles de Flavy, who had survived the father; which [Guillaume], for having borne himself too severely with the said Blanche, she had brought to contrive his death, which befell at the castle of Nesle-en-Tardenois, by means of the barber who shaved him; who, with the razor that he had in his hand, had cut his throat, encouraged by the wife, who had secret intelligence and plot with Messire Pierre de Louvain, knight, viscount of Berzy, lord of Rongnat and Coullonges, near the said Nesle; wherefore the said d’Aurebruche having obtained in July 1449 letters of remission, the said remission had been confirmed only by decree of the Parliament of 5 June 1500, fifty-one years after the fact; at the instance whereof the said de Louvain was slain by the hand of Messire Raoul de Flavy, brother of Guillaume, on 15 June 1464, there having been several attempts before, the said Louvain left for dead in June 1451, in the king’s army besieging the town of Bordeaux.

The bodies of the said de Flavy and Louvain were interred at Compiègne: Flavy in the choir of the church of the Jacobins, and Louvain in that of the Cordeliers.

XIII. Spanish Chronicle of the Maid #

This work, the search for which a hundred years ago was the despair of Lenglet-Dufresnoy, has also caused me until these latter times the most lively regrets by the impossibility I was under of procuring it. It is a book printed at Burgos in 1562, under the following title: La Historia de la Ponzella Dorleans y de sus grandes hechos, sacados de la chronica real, por un cavallero discreto embiado por embaxador de Castilla a Francia por los reyes don Fernando y Isabel [The History of the Maid of Orléans and of her great deeds, taken from the royal chronicle, by a discreet knight sent as ambassador of Castile to France by the sovereigns Don Fernando and Isabel]; 4to. It is very probable that this history is none other than that which is announced as shortly to appear in the chronicle of Alvaro de Luna (above, p. 331). The quality of ambassador in France given to the author had made me conjecture that this author might be the celebrated Spanish biographer Hernando del Pulgar, who was in fact ambassador in France under the reign of Louis XI. The history of Joan of Arc written by such a man, after official documents (which I was led to infer from the words sacados de la chronica real), seemed to me bound to be something capital. But M. Ferdinand Denis has brought down my conjectures and altogether calmed my regrets by communicating to me notes taken by him on a copy of this rarest of books, which was a few years ago in the possession of an amateur in Paris. The Historia de la Ponzella is but a tissue of fables in which not only is it impossible to recognise the manner of Hernando del Pulgar, but it is not even permitted to consider it an echo of the popular tradition as it ran in France at the end of the fifteenth century. It is a pure romance in the Spanish taste, whose heroine dreams but stratagems and executes but massacres: a ferocious personage, despoiled of the religious inspiration of the true Joan, about whom have been accumulated countless incidents in which chronology and geography are violated in the most ridiculous manner. Such a book could only have been written for the amusement of the gendarmes of the Great Captain.

Itinerary of the Maid #

M. Berriat Saint-Prix is the first who had the idea of drawing up, after the testimony of the documents, a chronological table of the marches executed by the Maid. This work, which he gave as an appendix to his Jeanne d’Arc (1), has been translated into English and introduced into an anonymous collection which appeared in London in 1824 under the title of Memoirs of Jeanne d’Arc surnamed la Pucelle d’Orleans with the history of her times (2). I give a new edition of it, corrected and augmented, joining to each place-name the indication of the volume and page where will be found the most certain authority after which the Maid’s presence in that place could be established. I dispense with introducing into my table, as M. Berriat Saint-Prix did in his, the mention of two journeys independent of Joan’s mission, which the trial attests without its being possible to fix their year. I mean her stay at Neufchâteau and her appearance before the ecclesiastical court of Toul. All that can be said of these two journeys is that they coincide; for the act of accusation states that she went to Toul while she dwelt at Neufchâteau (3).

(1) Jeanne d’Arc, ou coup d’œil sur les révolutions de France au temps de Charles VI et de Charles VII, etc., 1 vol. 8vo. Paris 1817.

(2) Two volumes 8vo, published by Robert Triphook. This work is only a translation of divers opuscules of our authors, among others of the Journal du siège d’Orléans, of several parts of the Memoir of M. de l’Averdy, of the Appendices of M. Berriat Saint-Prix, etc.

(3) Vol. I, p. 123.

Literary Notice of the Trial of Condemnation #

Notice. — This notice and the one which follows it had their marked place at the beginning of the work. The council of the Society of the History of France decided that they should be relegated hither, in consideration that many persons, not having been warned to keep their copy in reserve, had already had the first volumes bound. Readers will therefore be pleased not to seek elsewhere than here for the references to the Preface which were put in the notes of the preceding volumes.

Of the First Writings of the Registry #

Three church notaries, Manchon, Boisguillaume and Taquel, were employed as registrars in the Maid’s trial; but Manchon did almost everything alone. His notes, reviewed in common at the end of each session (1), served as the base of the definitive redaction (2).

(1) Vol. III, p. 160.

(2) Vol. I, p. 156.

This first work of Manchon’s was produced at the rehabilitation trial (3). He recognised his handwriting in it, save for the first interrogatory session, which was in the hand of Jean Monnet, clerk of one of the counsellors (4). The whole formed a paper quire designated under the name of notula or minuta processus in gallico (5), which we translate as the French minute of the trial: French, though the things of record in it are in Latin; but in French are the interrogatories which form by much the most considerable part of it.

(3) Vol. II, p. 156, and vol. III, p. 135.

(4) Vol. III, p. 63.

(5) Vol. II, p. 156; vol. III, p. 185 and 376.

From the moment it was produced before the rehabilitation judges, the French minute ought to have been transcribed in all the copies of their trial. It was so however only in one, that of d’Urfé. We shall speak more amply of that celebrated manuscript in the preliminary notice of the rehabilitation pieces. Let it suffice to know here that it presents several lacunae, and that one of these lacunae falls precisely upon the transcription of the French minute. The absence of about two quires causes that capital text to begin only in the middle of the interrogatory session of 3 March 1431, the twelfth session of the trial.

M. de l’Averdy having pointed out the first, though with a little hesitation, the existence of the minute in the d’Urfé manuscript (1), M. Lebrun de Charmettes and the other modern historians made use of it, but without making it known otherwise than by citations.

(1) Notices et extraits des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 238.

The first complete text of it will be found spread through my first volume, from page 95 onward. It seemed to me indispensable to bring it together with the definitive redaction, because, having furnished the material of that redaction, the reader will only have to compare them together to judge the degree of good faith which presided over the last work.

To the French minute, when it was produced, was joined a leaf of the corrections proposed for the twelve articles summing up Joan’s doctrine; corrections which, because they were not all carried out, furnished a terrible argument against the Rouen judges. As this leaf was written also in Manchon’s hand, and as persons who know that it exists might seek its tenor among the printed fragments of the minute, I must warn that it is not there it will be found. It was transcribed by the rehabilitation registrars into the sixth chapter of the trial, and I have left it there (2).

(2) See vol. III, p. 238.

Of the Instrument of the Trial #

A certain lapse of time after Joan’s execution (1), Thomas de Courcelles, one of the counsellors of the tribunal, assisted by Manchon, gave the trial its authentic form. The interrogatories entered in the minute were translated into Latin, the minutes of proceedings completed, and the whole drawn up in the form of letters patent emanating from Pierre Cauchon and the inquisitor. Thus the instrument of the trial presents itself as a long narrative put in the mouth of the two judges.

(1) Vol. III, p. 196.

The narration begins on the first day of the cause and is prolonged beyond the last, as much by the account of an inquiry which was made the morrow of the Maid’s death as by the insertion of other acts later by more than two months. Nevertheless, the final attestations of the registrars, as well as the judges’ seals, are placed immediately after the definitive sentence. This singular disposition appears to be due to Cauchon’s wishing the posthumous inquiry to enter into the trial; but Manchon having for his part refused to attest it (2), it was relegated beyond the signatures; and it is perhaps to dissemble its isolation in that place that it was made to be followed by divers pieces which are bound to the cause only by indirect links.

(2) Vol. I, p. 14.

The registrars delivered five expeditions of the trial (3), of which Manchon alone wrote three with his hand (4). All five were attested by Manchon, Boisguillaume and Taquel, and furnished with the judges’ seal. Independently of this formality, Boisguillaume initialled all the leaves from the first to the end of the authentic writings (1).

(3) Vol. III, p. 166.

(4) Vol. III, p. 135.

(1) Vol. I, p. 3, note 4.

Indications scattered here and there make it possible to follow through the centuries the fate of these five manuscripts. Of the three which Manchon executed, one was for the king of England, another for the Bishop of Beauvais, and the third for the inquisitor (2). Martial d’Auvergne says that there was one sent to Rome, when the authorisation to revise the judgment was solicited of the pontifical court (3). Finally it is attested that on 15 December 1455, Manchon himself delivered to the rehabilitation judges, at the same time as the French minute, a copy of the Latin trial, which copy was destroyed six months after, inasmuch as the tribunal caused the twelve articles to be torn out of it to be publicly lacerated at the dictum of the sentence (4). There remain four, of which one, astray today, was at Orléans in 1475 (5). Another was in the possession of Pierre Grégoire, professor of law at Pont-à-Mousson, at the end of the sixteenth century (6), while Étienne Pasquier was studying at leisure the one after which he wrote his fifth chapter of book V of the Recherches sur la France, without indicating its provenance (7). Today there exist three at

(2) Vol. III, p. 135.

(3) Above, p. 77.

(4) Vol. III, p. 160.

(5) Vol. IV, p. 315.

(6) And I have by me the judicial process made by the English against her, and the sentence authentically written. De republica, lib. VII, c. xi, 18vo.

(7) I saw formerly the copy of her trial in the library of Saint-Victor, then in that of the great King Francis at Fontainebleau; and since then I have had in my possession for the space of four whole years the original trial, in which all the acts, King Henry’s letters patent, the opinions of the University, the interrogatories made to the Maid, were copied at full length, and at the bottom of each leaf was written Affirmo ut supra, Bosquille (that was the registrar), and at the end of the register were the signs and seals of the Bishop of Beauvais and of the inquisitor of the faith, together with that of the registrar. Recherches sur la France, col. 536.

Paris, which have not passed without many hands before entering the repositories where they are placed. They shall be described presently, at the same time as the numerous copies which have been taken from them.

Of the Edition of the Trial #

The knowledge of the condemnation trial transpired only very late in the public; for though Étienne Pasquier and other authors of his century gave summaries of it (1), the books containing those summaries were of those which had for readers only professional erudites. In vain Edmond Richer offered gratuitously his time and his pains to whomsoever would take upon himself the expense of an edition (2); nobody answered this generous appeal, and the capital monument of Joan’s history continued to defray only the lucubrations of some obscure compilers. The first notice which penetrated into the world is that which accompanies the Histoire de Jeanne Darc, vierge, héroïne et martyre d’État, by the abbé Lenglet Dufresnoy (3). Encouraged by the success of his book, the author proposed to give a second edition of it in a larger format, in which he would have joined to his summary the text of the principal pieces of the judgment (4); death prevented him from following up his design. The excellent analysis of M. de l’Averdy, which the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres caused to be printed in 1790 in its collection of notices and extracts of manuscripts, caused Lenglet Dufresnoy to be forgotten at the same time as it taught historians to make use of the originals. Only a complete edition could be preferred to that conscientious work, and the edition has been kept waiting until the moment when the Society of the History of France was pleased to cover its costs.

(1) For example, the editor of the Description du pays et duché de Normandie, 8vo, printed at Rouen in 1581, by Martin le Mégissier, a work followed by an appendix entitled: Here follows the book of the Maid, native of Lorraine, who restored France into the hands of the king, together with the judgment and how she was burned at the Old Market at Rouen. This appendix gives only the first three sessions of the trial. — Jean Hordal, in his book entitled: Heroinae nobilissimae Joannae Darc Lotharingae, vulgo Aurelianensis puellae, historia, 4to, Pont-à-Mousson, 1612. — The editions of the Journal du siège d’Orléans, since the second, printed at Orléans in 1606 by Olivier Boynard, 8vo. — Jean Masson, author of the Histoire mémorable de Jeanne d’Arc, appelée la Pucelle, extraite du procès de sa condamnation et des dépositions des témoins ouïs pour sa justification en 1445. Paris, 1612, 8vo. — Symphorien Guyon, in his Histoire de l’église et de la ville d’Orléans. What concerns Joan of Arc was printed separately at Orléans in 1654, under the title of La Parthénie orléanoise. — Père Ignace (Jacques Samson) in his Histoire généalogique des comtes de Ponthieu et maieurs d’Abbeville, fol. 1657, etc., etc.

(2) Truly, it is to be desired that, to preserve these original pieces, I mean the trial and the revision thereof, someone would cause a hundred or six score copies to be printed in a fair character, to put them in divers libraries, in order to preserve and transmit them faithfully to posterity; for otherwise they will be lost by injury of time. As for me, I would willingly offer my pains and my labour to review and confer the copies and impressions upon the originals. Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc, Advertissement au lecteur, manuscript Fontanieu, p. 285, at the Bibl. Nat.

(3) Three vols. 8vo. Orléans and Paris, 1753 and 1754.

(4) The prospectus of that new edition, which was to appear with Guillyn and Pissot, was issued in 1754. It forms a half-sheet 4to.

A few words on the disposition of our text.

Care has been taken that the edition should reproduce the manuscripts faithfully, not servilely. These manuscripts, like all old public acts, present to the eye neither divisions nor paragraphs. The text runs therein without interruption from the protocol to the signatures at the end. A book so made would have rebuffed readers. There have been disengaged from the narrative, to set them in smaller type, the titles which precede the insertions. Moreover, as marginal headlines were written from the origin by the registrars themselves, to mark out further the successive periods of the procedure, which mere items separate in the instrument, we have made of these headlines so many paragraph-heads, printed in the same character as the titles above.

Every time it has been necessary, for greater clearness or for greater method, either to amplify the manuscripts’ headlines or to introduce new ones, these additions have been put between brackets, so that it may be seen at once that they belong to the editor. Independently of the secondary divisions, which have been multiplied as much as possible, the four great periods of the cause have been separated under four different heads.

The first, which we call exposition and preliminaries (causa expositio et praeparatoria), contains the protocol of the act and all the formalities which would today constitute the preliminary inquiry.

The second, which we entitle primum judicium, after the authority of the rehabilitation trial, presents the whole deduction of the cause from the moment when the promoter takes charge of the prosecutions, to that when the Maid abjures. It is indeed in effect the first judgment, the heresy trial properly so called, after which comes the relapse trial, causa relapsus; consequently secundum judicium. This second judgment forms the object of the third part.

In the fourth part are placed the extrajudicial acts accomplished after Joan’s death, quaedam acta posterius.

The text of the authentic expeditions having been carefully collated by the registrars is found conformable in all the manuscripts. I have had no other pains than to modify therein the barbarous orthography of the Latin. I have religiously respected that of the texts in French.

Generally I do not believe I have been mistaken in the reading of proper names. Nevertheless, that of the vice-inquisitor of France, read Martinus Billormi (1), might just as well be Martinus Billorini; and that of a counsellor called Nicolaus de Venderes, which I have spelt Vendéres, must have the accent on the last syllable: Venderés, or Venderez (2). The denomination of seigneur de l’Ours applied in French to a maître d’hôtel of Paris (3), and which I had signalled as an error of the registry, has since justified itself to me by several analogous examples proving that in the fifteenth century the usage was to call seigneurs the masters of the great hostelries of Paris (4).

(1) Vol. II, p. 88.

(2) I owe this rectification to M. Chéruel, professor of history at Rouen.

(3) Vol. I, p. 158.

(4) Colin, seigneur du Boisseau at the Porte du Temple, in the Histoire de Charles VI by Jouvenel des Ursins, at the year 1415. The seigneur de l’Ours himself is named in the Journal de Paris at the year 1412; in Monstrelet, in 1417, vol. I, ch. 162; in the romance of Petit Jehan de Saintré.

I have explained above (5) for what reason, instead of giving the French minute all at a stretch, I have disseminated its paragraphs under the corresponding parts of the definitive redaction. The distinction of the two texts is sufficiently established by the difference of the type assigned to the one and the other. Each fragment of the minute moreover bears with it the indication of the place it occupies in the d’Urfé manuscript.

(5) See p. 386.

Description of the Manuscripts of the Trial #

1. Library of the Assemblée nationale. — Register on vellum, small square folio of 32 centimetres by 265 millimetres, composed of 120 leaves, covered in stout parchment, marked B 105 g, tome 570. Copy issued from the registry, the only one on vellum that is known. At the top of the first page, in Gothic capitals: In nomine Domini amen. Incipit processus in causa fidei contra quondam quamdam mulierem Johannam vulgariter dictam la Pucelle [In the name of the Lord, amen. Here begins the trial in the cause of the faith against a certain woman formerly called Joan, vulgarly named the Maid]; then the text on the line: Universis presentes, etc. At the bottom of the same page: Ego vero Guillermus Colles alias Boscguillaume, etc., etc., affirmo collacionem presentis processus centum et undecim folia continentis debite fuisse factam cum registro originali presentis cause, idcirco, etc. (1). The attestation records only one hundred and eleven leaves because it is at the 111th that the cause ends, the nine other leaves being occupied by the appendices of which enough has been said above. It is again Boisguillaume who initialled the bottom of all the leaves legalised by the formula affirmo ut supra. Finally, on the verso of leaf 111 are the autograph attestations of Boisguillaume, Manchon and Taquel, with the vestiges of two red-wax seals applied below. The imprints are of elongated form; that of Cauchon’s seal, much larger than the other, has preserved of its legend the word belva(censis) [of Beauvais].

(1) See the rest of the formula, vol. I, p. 4.

This manuscript must be one of the three that Manchon says he executed, probably the one destined for the king of England. From 1450 it was employed for the preliminaries of the rehabilitation. This is seen by the justificatory memoir of Guillaume Bouillé, where one reads at the beginning of the discussion on article 1: mulier ipsa erat… aetatis decem novem annorum vel eocirca, ut ipsa asseruit in prima sessione, folio processus pergamenei xij [the woman herself was… of the age of nineteen years or thereabouts, as she asserted in the first session, leaf xii of the parchment trial] (2). Now this answer of Joan’s is in fact found at fol. 12 of the manuscript of the Assemblée nationale, which is indeed a processus pergameneus [parchment trial].

(2) Bibl. Nat., manuscript 5970, fol. 162 recto.

I suppose that the same volume was deposited from the origin at the Parliament of Paris. I have been able to ascertain that it formed part of the registers of that court in the middle of the sixteenth century; for Lenain’s table of the Parliament’s archives offers this indication: Trial of the Maid in 1430 and 1431… in tome 251 entire; and on the inside of the parchment which forms the cover of our manuscript, one reads in a registry hand with a flourish at the end: Criminal trial, two hundred and fifty-one.

In 1753, the Parliament’s manuscript had become the property of one of the presidents of that court, M. de Cotte, who permitted Lenglet Dufresnoy to collate its text with that of the king’s manuscripts (1). It entered with the other manuscripts of M. de Cotte into the Library of the present Chamber of Representatives, formerly of the Deputies.

(1) Histoire de Jeanne Darc, preface, p. xxv.

Signalised in the Bibliothèque historique de la France revised by Fontette, vol. II, no. 17204.

2. Bibliothèque Nationale, no. 5965 Latin. — Volume on paper, small folio (0.29 cent. by 0.213) of 169 leaves, bound in brown calf with bands, and the label struck in gold on the back: PROCESS. JANAE PUELLAE.

Authentic expedition, attested at the bottom of the first page by Boisguillaume, initialled by the same at the recto of each leaf, signed Boisguillaume, Manchon and Taquel at fol. 158, which makes the attestation formula bear only upon 158 leaves (septies viginti et octodecim, seven-score and eighteen). On the same leaf 158 verso, under the registrars’ signatures, are perceived the traces of two seals formerly applied in red wax.

At the top of the first page, without the invocation of the protocol: Universis presentes litteras, etc.

Formerly marked Codex Colbertinus 1642, regius 9675.

Described by M. de l’Averdy.

Numerous scratchings prove that this copy was carefully collated. It is of it that principal use has been made to establish the text of the edition.

3. Same repository, no. 5966 Latin. — Volume on paper, small folio (0.285 millim. by 0.215), of 220 leaves, in boards covered with a green skin.

Authentic expedition, attested, initialled and signed like the preceding. The legalisation is at the 206th leaf, consequently the trial indicated in the formulas as containing 206 leaves.

At the top of the first page, in moulded Gothic, the invocation: In nomine Domini, amen. Incipit processus, etc. Then the text in cursive.

Formerly marked Cl. Puteani 9675. It comes then from Du Puy, and from that time it is the same that Edmond Richer used, who speaks of it in his Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc as of a sealed original (1). For original it is; as for the seals, they have fallen, but their place is still visible.

(1) In his Advertissement au lecteur, p. 285, Fontanieu.

Described by M. de l’Averdy.

4. Same repository, no. 5967 Latin. — Volume on paper, small folio of 267 numbered leaves; in boards and covered in parchment with the title on the back: Procez de la Pucelle d’Orléans. Informal copy in cursive of the time of Charles VII. On the flyleaf preceding the first numbered leaf, there is traced in moulded Gothic, after the manner of a half-title, the inscription: Processus cujusdam mulieris que Johanna la Pucelle fuit nuncupata [Trial of a certain woman who was named Joan the Maid]; and at the top of the following leaf: Universis presentes, etc.

The final attestations of the registrars have not been transcribed. On three unnumbered leaves which follow the writings of the trial is an index in the same hand, thus entitled: Tabula ad inveniendum omnes et singulas annotationes in hujus libri marginibus contentas [Table for finding all and singular the annotations contained in the margins of this book].

Formerly marked Baluz. 265, then Regius 9675.

Described by M. de l’Averdy.

5. Same repository, no. 5968 Latin. — Volume on paper, small folio, modern half-binding, back in red morocco with the cipher of Louis-Philippe; Gothic cursive writing of the beginning of the sixteenth century; informal copy executed after the original containing septies viginti et octodecim folia, which is manuscript no. 2, described above.

Began on the first leaf without the invocation; Baluze added it in his hand: In nomine Domini, amen. Incipit processus, etc.

Formerly marked at the bottom of the first page e musaeo… the rest erased; signed at the end Jac. Aug. Thuanus; lastly Cod. Colbert. 1316.

Described by M. de l’Averdy.

6. Same repository, no. 5969 Latin. — Volume on paper, small folio. Modern half-binding like that of no. 5968. Flowing Gothic writing of the end of the fifteenth century; copy executed upon the original of one hundred and eleven leaves, which is that of the Assemblée nationale.

Begins on the first page: In nomine Domini, etc., complete protocol. The initial U of Universis presentes litteras, etc., is a large ornamental letter in which is executed a little subject in miniature. It was meant to represent a scene of the trial. Joan in woman’s costume is standing before a doctor seated in a chair.

At the end of the transcription: Finis omnium rerum optimus. Labor improbus omnia vincit [The end of all things is best. Persistent labour conquers all things].

Formerly marked on the first flyleaf: Codex D. Antonii Faure, 56. And since, Regius 9675.

Described by M. de l’Averdy.

7. Same repository, d’Urfé manuscript. — The description of this manuscript will be given with that of the rehabilitation texts. Let it suffice here to indicate what it contains on the condemnation.

From the fol. marked 1 to the bottom of the verso fol. 16 is a transcription of the trial, in flowing Gothic, of the time of Louis XII, which transcription ends in the interrogatory of 3 March with the words respondit quod ego non deponerem sine licencia Dei [she answered that she would not lay it down without God’s leave], then in headline: item dit; and these two words begin at the top of the following page (fol. 17 recto) the continuation of the interrogatories in French, with all the copy of the minute to the end of the cause. This copy is in a very fine Gothic hand of the time of Charles VII; it goes as far as the recto of fol. 34. On the verso of that leaf and in the same writing: In nomine Domini amen incipit processus, etc. It is the invocation which precedes the protocol in the instrument of the trial. After this invocation, the following attestation of Manchon, which exists in none of the known originals:

I, Guillaume Manchon, priest, of the diocese of Rouen, public notary sworn by apostolic and imperial authority and of the archiepiscopal court of Rouen, and scribe in the present cause with the notaries signed at the end of the present trial, affirm the collation of this trial with the original register of the said cause to have been duly made. Wherefore I have signed each leaf with my own hand and have subscribed myself at the end with the said notaries.

And immediately after this formula, a new and complete copy of the trial, executed always in the same hand contemporary with Charles VII. Finally, from fol. 96 verso to fol. 100 verso, the transcription of the instrument of the sentence announced by this title: Deinde sequitur tenor sentencie seu sentenciarum contra eamdem Johannam late seu latarum [Then follows the tenor of the sentence or sentences pronounced against the same Joan] (1).

(1) See below, p. 410.

Have recourse for ampler information, and notably for what concerns the French minute, to the preliminary Notice of the rehabilitation pieces.

Signalised by M. de l’Averdy.

8. Same repository, Saint-Victor manuscript, no. 285. — Bulky volume, large 4to of paper intermixed with parchment, 572 leaves, tawny calf binding, flowing cursive writing of the time of Charles VII.

Besides the copy of the condemnation trial executed after the original of 111 leaves (manuscript of the Assemblée nationale), this volume contains the text of the Journal du siège d’Orléans, which we reproduce in our fourth volume, as well as a copy of the rehabilitation trial. These divers matters are indicated at length in a table written at the head of the volume in a contemporary hand. Here is how this table explains itself with regard to the two first articles:

What follows is here contained: A compendium of certain deeds done in the realm of France in the times of Charles the Seventh, king of the Franks; and first, in French, the siege of the city of Orléans made by the English in the year of the Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty-eight, in the month of October, the Earl of Salisbury acting in this, lieutenant of Henry king of the English in the realm of France, duke and first mover of his whole army. Item, the coming of Joan the Maid and the cause of her coming into France. Item, the marvellous victory of the said Joan, how, to wit, dissolving the siege of the Orléanais, the enemies being slain, she freed the town from the English, and potently led Charles the Seventh, king of the Franks, to Reims to be anointed with the sacred unction after the manner of his predecessors, and restored to the power of the Franks many towns and places invaded and seized by the English, by wondrous valour of arms, or rather, as is worthy to believe, divine providence and special grace concurring. From fol. 3 to 70.

Item, the trial in the cause of the faith… in the city of Rouen under Lord Pierre Cauchon, Bishop of Beauvais, Brother Jean Magistri, sub-inquisitor of the faith, assisting him in the said trial, against the abovesaid Joan the Maid, lately taken by Jean de Luxembourg at Compiègne and sold to the English. Which Maid the English, in hatred of the French name, not only put to death as an enemy, but, as a sorceress and heretic, caused to be suffocated in a cruel and horrid fire at Rouen, in the year of the Lord 1431, in the month of May; which it is known the English did to the ignominy of the Franks, chiefly, to wit, to show that the king of the Franks, whom all call by the special title of most Christian, had strayed from the Catholic faith, and therefore to acclaim him unworthy of the realm, forasmuch as the said king had received the Maid, whom they judged a sorceress, and had given credence to her words. From fol. 72 to 342.

See the rest among the notices of the rehabilitation manuscripts.

After the table, on the verso of the first leaf:

This book belongs to Saint-Victor of Paris, which brother Nicaise de l’Orme, abbot of this church, caused to be made. Whosoever shall steal it, or conceal it, or efface this title, let him be anathema.

Thus the Saint-Victor manuscript was executed by the care of Nicaise de l’Orme, who was abbot of the said house of Saint-Victor from 1488 to 1516. The note above, ill interpreted, made it believed that Nicaise de l’Orme had executed the manuscript with his hand. Père Thoulouze, chamberlain of Saint-Victor, reported it so to Edmond Richer (1), and made the facts precise, to the point of explaining to him how Nicasiùs de Ulmo had undertaken this work in 1472, while he was prior of a house of their order called Bussy, six leagues from Orléans. But fecit fieri [caused to be made] is not fecit [made], and neither is there any likelihood that the originals of the trials, on which the Saint-Victor manuscript was made, ever quitted Paris.

(1) Manuscript history of the Maid at the Bibl. Nat., ms. Fontanieu, p. 285.

In spite of the absence of all character of authenticity, this book enjoyed from the origin an extreme celebrity. It had the advantage of being more than the others within reach of men of letters. In Nicaise de l’Orme’s own lifetime, it was lent to the author of a Latin poem on the Maid, Valeran de Varanis, who thanked the abbot of Saint-Victor in verses which will be found reported above (2). Many copies were taken of it in the sixteenth century. It served under Louis XII to complete the text of the d’Urfé manuscript. Étienne Pasquier cites it again as having begun there his instruction on Joan of Arc (3). Finally, not to speak of all those who made use of it in times nearer to ours (4), it has been described by Lenglet-Dufresnoy (5) and De l’Averdy (6).

(2) Page 89.

(3) See above, p. 388, note 7.

(4) Below, pp. 405, 417, and in the preliminary Notice of the rehabilitation pieces.

(5) Hist. de Jeanne Darc, part II, p. 193.

(6) Notices des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 176 and 184.

The Saint-Victor manuscript was originally marked LLCI; it bore no. 29 in the seventeenth century, no. 417 in the sixteenth. Since its entry into the Bibliothèque Nationale, it is the 285th of the fund to which it belongs.

9. Same repository, Brienne manuscript, no. 180. — One vol. folio, middling, on paper, gilt on the edges, bound in red calf with the arms of Loménie de Brienne on the boards, and entitled on the back: Criminal trial of the Maid Joan.

Registry copy after the original of seven-score eighteen leaves (ms. no. 5965 of the Bibliothèque nationale), in bastard writing of the seventeenth century, thus attested on the first flyleaf: Initialled by us, counsellors of the king in his court of Parliament, commissioners in this part, according to our procès-verbal of the fifteenth of January one thousand six hundred and fifty-two. Signed, P. Petiau and Pithou.

After five blank leaves, one reads in half-title: Criminal trial made of Joan of Arc of Vaucouleurs, vulgarly called the Maid, in the years 1430 and 1431.

Three other blank leaves lead to the instrument, which begins at a recto numbered 1: In nomine Domini, amen. Incipit, etc. It ends at the bottom of the verso of fol. numbered 445, which is in reality only the 325th, inasmuch as by a double error of pagination the scribe skipped from 209 to 230, then from 232 to 333.

Signalised by M. de l’Averdy.

10. Same repository, Sérilly manuscript, no. 180. — One vol. folio on paper, bound in marbled calf, fillets, bands, and on the back the title: Criminal trial of the Maid of Orléans.

Textual copy of the Brienne manuscript which precedes.

11. Same repository, Saint-Germain Harlay fund, no. 51. — Volume folio on paper, bound in sheepskin with the arms of Harlay on the boards; formerly marked 333. Registry writing of the seventeenth century.

Informal copy, after the original of 111 leaves (manuscript of the Assemblée nationale). It begins with the invocation In nomine Domini, etc.

12. Same repository, Supplément français, no. 350a. — Volume on paper, middling folio format, modern Bradel boards, 196 leaves in divers hands. The first 127, in flattened Gothic of the end of the fifteenth century, contain the copy of the condemnation trial after an original which would appear to have lacked the annexes ordinarily transcribed after the notaries’ attestations. The attestations themselves were omitted by the author of the manuscript. A later note, of at least twenty years after, has supplied them in these terms: Post hoc inseruntur affirmationes notariorum, nempe Guillermi Colles, etc., etc., qui predictam collationem cum originali registro debite factam asserunt [After this are inserted the affirmations of the notaries, namely of Guillaume Colles, etc., etc., who assert the aforesaid collation with the original register to have been duly made].

There is at fol. 1 a half-title: Processus in causa fidei contra, etc., and beneath, in the same hand to which the annotation relative to the registrars is due: Le Procès de la Pucelle de France, 1501; finally these words in a very old German writing: mein gnadygsten herren und gut.

Signed on the two first leaves by divers possessors, in this chronological order: 1° Hic liber est Egidii Perrini offic. de… Gerrici; 2° J. Favier; 3° Claudius du Han.

Gilles Perrin and Claude du Han will be spoken of again in the notice of the rehabilitation texts, where the manuscript 350a of the Supplément français will again figure.

13. Same repository, Suppl. fr. no. 350b. — Volume on paper, middling folio, modern half-binding, back in red morocco with the cipher of Louis-Philippe. 314 leaves, in a round and fine cursive writing, of about the year 1600.

The copy of the condemnation trial occupies the first 174 leaves. It has been corrected and augmented, as much after the preceding manuscript as after the original of 111 leaves (ms. of the Assemblée nationale). What proves it is a transcription of the final attestations set on the first flyleaf of the manuscript, in another hand than the text, and with this headline: What follows must be added at the end of the leaf numbered hereafter 170, as having been since found in other copies of the said trial. And moreover at fol. 170 one reads this other addition: In the original signed du Han, which I have, is written what follows: Post hoc inseruntur affirmationes, etc.

From fol. 170 to 174 are the annexes of the trial, terminated by this explicit: Hactenus quae ad Johannae processum attinent [So far what pertains to Joan’s trial].

Return will be made to the same manuscript apropos of the rehabilitation texts.

14. Same repository, Supplément latin, no. 952. — Two volumes on paper, large folio, brown calf binding. Writing of the end of the seventeenth century.

The copy of the condemnation trial occupies the second tome, composed of 337 leaves. It was made upon the original of seven-score eighteen leaves (no. 5965 of the Bibliothèque nationale).

Half-title: Criminal trial made of Joan of Arc called the Maid of Orléans, in the year 1456. Second volume.

On fol. 1: In nomine Domini, amen. Incipit processus, etc.

See, for the first volume, the description of the rehabilitation texts.

15. Same repository, Suppl. fr., no. 350c. — Volume on paper, folio, bound in marbled calf, entitled on the back: Proces de Jeanne d’Arcq vulgairement (sic) dite la Pucelle. Chancery writing of the seventeenth century.

This is not a copy, but a French translation of the condemnation trial. It swarms with mistranslations. It was made after the original containing septies viginti et octodecim folia (ms. 5965 of the Bibliothèque nationale), which has been rendered by twenty-seven to twenty-eight leaves.

On the first page: In the name of the Lord, amen. Commencement of the trial undertaken for reason of faith against a woman named Joan, vulgarly called the Maid.

16. Library of the town of Paris, manuscript 183. — Volume on paper, folio; sheepskin binding; 454 leaves. Registry writing of the seventeenth century.

Informal copy after the original of seven-score eighteen leaves (ms. 5965 of the Bibliothèque nationale). In half-title: Criminal trial made of the Maid of Orléans in 1430. The text begins at the recto of fol. 2: Incipit processus, etc.

First marked 3 255 and mentioned under that number by Haenel. It comes from the old Châtelet.

17. Vatican library, Christine fund, no. 948. — Volume on paper, small folio, 179 leaves, of which the first 24 are damaged by damp. Writing of the end of the fifteenth century.

Informal copy, designated in the catalogue by the title: Johannae (Aurelianensis) examen fidei acta in ejus causa exhibens gallice [Joan of Orléans’s examination of faith, acts exhibited in her cause in French]. It begins with a slight modification in the protocol: In nomine Domini, amen. Examen fidei contra quamdam mulierem vulgariter dictam la Pucelle. Nos, Petrus, etc.

At the end of the transcription, on the last leaf, is seen an escutcheon surmounted by a crosier, quartered with a lion and another simple quartering of metal and enamel. Ignore the colours.

Marked Alex. Petavius anno 1647.

18. Library of Geneva, French manuscript no. 86. — Volume folio on paper, covered with parchment; 176 leaves in two columns of 37 lines; flattened Gothic writing of the time of Louis XII. The first letters of each paragraph are coarsely coloured in red or yellow; a large illuminated initial serves to distinguish each of the parts of the manuscript, which are three in number, to wit: 1° the Journal du siège d’Orléans, of which Senebier gave the title at length in his Catalogue des manuscrits de Genève (p. 360); 2° the copy of the condemnation trial after the original of 111 leaves (ms. of the Assemblée nationale); 3° the incomplete copy of the rehabilitation trial, ended by a reference to the Saint-Victor manuscript: Require residuum in bibliotheca Sancti Victoris Parisiensis [Seek the remainder in the library of Saint-Victor of Paris]. The Geneva manuscript is in effect a copy of that which the abbot Nicaise de l’Orme caused to be executed (above, no. 8). Perhaps it is the same as that of which Fontette meant to speak in a manuscript note found in the thirty-seventh portfolio (no. 16 ter) of his papers at the Bibliothèque nationale. Here is that note: M. de Peiresc said he had seen among the manuscripts of the library of Henri du Bouchet, counsellor in the Parliament of Paris, a collection of all that had been done for and against the Maid of Orléans, when her trial was made, and that this collection had been made by order of the abbot of Saint-Victor of that time.

Be that as it may, the manuscript in question comes from France, and it was still there in the last century, since it is J.-J. Rousseau who gave it to the Republic of Geneva. There is still to be read on the flyleaf of the volume the autograph ex dono of that illustrious writer: For the Library of Geneva on behalf of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, citizen.

The condemnation trial begins at fol. 27: In nomine Domini, amen. Incipit processus, etc. It is complete, occupies 101 leaves, and ends with the initialled signature of the copyist, named Roussel.

This description will be completed in the notice of the rehabilitation texts.

19. Manuscript of M. Laurent. — Volume 4to, of 115 leaves of paper and parchment intermixed, originally bound in wood with a covering of red leather.

Authentic expedition delivered in 1475 by Jean Patarin and Hector Touchet, church notaries at Orléans, after a parchment original which was initialled by Boisguillaume on each leaf, and signed at the end by the three registrars.

In 1787, M. Laurent, director of the Twentieth tax at Orléans, possessed this manuscript, of which he sent the notice to M. de l’Averdy (1). He died shortly after, at the very beginning of the Revolution, and his library was sold; but at the moment of the sale, the manuscript in question had already been abstracted, and all the researches made in this century have not been able to recover its trace.

(1) Notices des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 220.

Here are the terms of the attestation by which it ended:

In the name of the Lord, amen. By the tenor of this present public instrument, let it be patent and known to all, that in the year of the same Lord 1475, in the ninth indiction, on the … day of the month of November, in the fifth year of the pontificate of the most holy father in Christ and our lord, the lord Sixtus, by divine providence pope the fourth, in my presence, the notary underwritten… we read and read over the present codex containing one hundred and fifteen little leaves of paper and parchment, bound within two boards, covered with red leather, together with a certain other parchment codex, which is written at length in this one, containing the holy trial made by the lord Pierre, formerly Bishop of Beauvais, and the holy inquisitor of the faith, against Joan, formerly called the Maid, signed on every leaf with the manual sign of the lord Guillaume Boisguillaume, and on the last leaf with the signs and subscriptions of the aforesaid same Boisguillaume, of the lords Guillaume Manchon and Nicolas Taquel, public notaries of the court of Rouen, and furnished with two seals affixed to the same aforesaid last leaf in red wax; for many days, and finally on the day aforesaid we collated it, finishing the work; and because we found them to agree in all things and through all things, wherefore we thought good to set our manual signs on each of the said leaves and on the last our authentic and public signs, in testimony of truth. These things were done at Orléans, in Villeneuve, by us and under the year, indiction, month, day and pontificate aforesaid.

And because I, Jean Patarin, clerk of the diocese of Poitiers, master in arts and bachelor in decrees, public notary sworn by apostolic and imperial authority and of the episcopal courts of Orléans and Poitiers, have duly collated this present book or codex, together with the notary underwritten, with another authentic volume signed with the public signs of three public notaries, more amply described in the present instrument, word for word, and found them to agree mutually; wherefore each leaf, with the underwritten notary, I signed with my manual sign, and for the greater strength of truth I have set my public and accustomed seal on this present instrument, written with my hand, together with the aforesaid notary, subscribing myself here with the same hand, required and requested.

And because I, Hector Touchet, clerk of the diocese of Chartres, licensed bachelor in laws, public notary sworn by apostolic and imperial authority and of the court of Orléans, have duly collated this present book or codex, together with the notary above-written, with another authentic volume signed with the public signs of three public notaries, more amply described in the present instrument, word for word, with the notary above-written, and found them to agree mutually; wherefore each leaf, with the above-written notary, I signed with my manual sign, and for the greater strength of truth, I have set my public and accustomed sign on this present public instrument, faithfully written by the hand of the notary above-written, together with him, subscribing myself here with my own hand, required and requested.

It is to be noted that M. Laurent’s manuscript did not contain the pieces posterior to the condemnation. M. de l’Averdy concluded from this that they were wanting in the original copied by the Orléans notaries. Nothing proves this; it was enough that those notaries should see the absence of legalisation to abstain from copying the annexes of the trial.

20. Former library of Rosny, manuscript no. 2363. — Volume on paper, folio, composed of 158 leaves, bound in skin.

Begins: Processus in causa fidei contra quondam quamdam mulierem Johannam dictam la Pucelle; ends with the French verses that Martial d’Auvergne consecrated to Joan of Arc’s history in the Vigiles de Charles VII.

Marked at the beginning and at the end with Pithou’s signature.

All this information is taken from the Catalogue which was published in 1837, when the collection formed at Rosny at the expense of the Duchess of Berry was sold. I do not know who was the purchaser of no. 2363.

21. Meerman manuscripts at The Hague. — A manuscript of the condemnation trial, which existed in the library of the Jesuits’ College of Paris (Louis-le-Grand), was signalised by Père Lelong. At the suppression of the order, the celebrated Gerard Meerman, who was at Paris, acquired the College’s manuscripts and carried them into Holland. Count Jean Meerman, his son, bequeathed them by testament to the town of The Hague. They have been public property since 1815. That of the trial must still form part of them, and it is certainly with its aid that were composed the memoirs on the Maid found among Jean Meerman’s papers (1).

(1) Biographie universelle, art. Meerman.

22. Library of Bennet’s College, Cambridge. — Lenglet Dufresnoy signalised, in his history of Joan of Arc (1), a manuscript of this library entitled: Processus contra Joannam dictam la Puzil. The mere form of this last word indicates a copy executed in the fifteenth or sixteenth century by an Englishman.

(1) Third part, p. 294.

23. Divers manuscripts signalised by authors. — I have spoken of the one that Étienne Pasquier says he saw in the library of the great King Francis at Fontainebleau (2).

(2) Above, p. 388.

M. de l’Averdy cites moreover two modern copies which existed in his time, one in the possession of M. de Flandres de Brunville, the king’s procurator; the other in the library of M. de Saint-Genis, auditor of accounts. They were both of folio format. The first came from the collection of President Duret de Meinières; the second formed part of the books formerly collected by Charles du Lys, advocate-general of the Cour des Aides, descendant of the youngest brother of the Maid. Perhaps these two volumes are among those we have described as classed in the Supplements of the Bibliothèque nationale.

We shall say as much of another copy of which Lenglet Dufresnoy speaks in these terms: Processus condemnationis Johannae darc dictae la Pucelle, large volume folio, of the fifteenth century, in bibliotheca regia; among the new acquisitions and which must one day be inserted in the supplement of the printed Catalogue of that immense library (3).

(3) Histoire de Jeanne Darc, part II, p. 188.

Finally, President Bouhier possessed a copy of the condemnation trial, marked A. 22, and signalised by Fontette’s extract as a recent copy after the d’Urfé manuscript (1). Though Haenel collected at Dijon that this manuscript had been transported to Paris with part of Bouhier’s books, it never entered the Bibliothèque nationale.

(1) Bibliothèque historique de la France, vol. II, no. 17208.

Of the Instrument of the Sentence #

This piece, of which no author has yet spoken, must have its mention in the present notice, though it does not form part of our first volume. It was left in the rehabilitation trial, where it is found as having been produced at that trial (2). One of Manchon’s interrogatories (3) elucidates the manner in which it was executed. There and everywhere it is mentioned, it is called instrumentum sententiae. It consists of a summary notice of the trial, delivered in the form of letters patent, with integral reproduction of the twelve articles, of the formula of abjuration and of the two sentences. At the end are the attestations of the three registrars and the announcement of the judges’ seal. Thus the instrument of the sentence was clothed with all the characters of authenticity, and destined to be worth as much as the complete expeditions of the trial. On account of the advantage found in it, a certain number of copies must have been expedited. It is singular that the existence of none has been signalised until now.

(2) See vol. III, p. 377.

(3) Ibid., p. 145.

Of the Abridgement or Summary of the Trial #

This is the Latin instrument transformed into a historical narrative, from which the acts of the tribunal and other inserted pieces have been suppressed. This work was made at the moment of the rehabilitation for the convenience of the persons consulted. Its author is Theodore de Leliis, judge at the tribunal of the Rota. I say what there is to be said of it in the Notice of the rehabilitation pieces, ch. I, art. 2.

Of an Old Translation of the Trial #

Louis XII, at the suggestion of Admiral Louis de Graville, willed that the Maid’s two trials should be put into French. The execution of this thought gave birth to a work which has come down to us. It is less a translation than an abridged compilation. It is spoken of here because the manner in which Joan’s interrogatories are rendered in it has been able, in these latter times, to make it believed that there was in it a complete text of the French minute, a text having over that of the d’Urfé manuscript the advantage of presenting no lacuna. This opinion has been vulgarised by a memoir of M. Dubois, canon of Orléans, published first in M. Buchon’s Collection des chroniques nationales (1), reprinted in the Panthéon littéraire (2), adopted as to its conclusions in the new Collection of memoirs of MM. Michaud and Poujoulat (3). It is important to reduce it to its just value.

(1) Vol. IX of Monstrelet, p. 191.

(2) Volume of Matthieu de Coussy and of the Maid, Preliminaries, p. xxvij.

(3) Vol. III, first series.

Let it be known first that this work of Louis XII’s time exists in manuscript at the Orléans library (4); that it is also found melted into very old redactions of the chronicle of Normandy (5), whence it passed, not without undergoing great cuttings, into the edition published at Rouen in 1581 (6); that the Orléans manuscript itself, brought into contribution as early as 1606 to augment the second edition of the Journal du siège (7), has been printed (less what concerns the rehabilitation) in the two volumes of M. Buchon previously indicated.

(4) No. 411, coming from the old chapter of the cathedral.

(5) One, among others, compiled at the beginning of the reign of Francis I, no. 1488 of the Saint-Germain manuscripts, at the Bibl. Nat.

(6) See above, p. 389, note 1, and our vol. IV, p. 254.

(7) Printed by Boynard and Nyon.

As for maintaining that this work contains the minute of the condemnation trial, the idea is not new. It came, sixty years ago, to M. Dauteroche de Talsy, dean of the chapter of Orléans, who gave himself to a very minute examination of the manuscript in question, and was struck by the natural style of the interrogatories. Nevertheless, having conferred his French text with a copy of the Latin redaction, he ended by seeing in it no more than a sort of historical version arranged at the author’s fancy (1).

(1) De l’Averdy, Notice des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 227.

M. Dubois took up again, as an imprudent dialectician, the conjecture abandoned by M. Dauteroche. When he had at most the right to suspect that the Orléans manuscript contained something of the French minute, he pretended that the complete and correct text of that minute was only there; immolating, for the triumph of his opinion, the d’Urfé manuscript, which he knew no more than any of the other originals of the trial.

In two words, here is what must be thought of this literary question.

The author employed by Louis XII himself gives to the first part of his work the title of Deduction of the trial, translated from Latin into French (2). A few lines before, he mentions two books in which is contained the trial of the condemnation of Joan, in which there are several diversities, especially in the interrogatories and in her answers. He therefore had in his hands two manuscripts of the condemnation trial, manuscripts offering between them differences, and of which one at least was in Latin, since he who speaks had to do the work of a translator.

(2) See our vol. IV, p. 226.

That one of these two manuscripts contained the French minute can hardly be the object of a doubt; for in comparing the text of the Orléans manuscript printed by M. Buchon with the text of the d’Urfé manuscript, one remarks between the two an almost constant conformity. But must it thence be concluded that the d’Urfé manuscript, which presents a great lacuna, is supplied by the Orléans manuscript which presents none? No; for the translator visibly lacked the original text of the interrogatories for all that precedes the audience of 3 March, so that the probabilities tend to establish that he did his work upon the d’Urfé manuscript itself, which was mutilated from the time of Louis XII as it is today (1).

(1) See below, description of the d’Urfé manuscript, p. 449.

The fact I have just advanced calls for some demonstration.

As long as the d’Urfé manuscript’s lacuna lasts, the French translator does not put into the Maid’s answers that naturalness which M. Dauteroche had remarked, which seduced M. Dubois. He only makes the Latin phrase heavier, or even corrupts its sense.

Example taken from the audience of 21 February (first interrogatory):

Then we said (it is Pierre Cauchon who speaks) that we would willingly assign her one or two notable men of the French tongue, before whom she might say the Pater noster. To which the same Joan answered that she would not say it to them unless they heard her in confession.

This passage of the Latin redaction is thus rendered by the translator:

And then the said bishop said: I will ordain you one or two notable personages of this company, to whom you shall say Pater noster and Ave Maria. To which she answered: I shall not say it unless they hear me in confession.

One or two notable personages of this company is a mistranslation, since de lingua gallicana means of the tongue of France, that is to say of the obedience of Charles VII.

Example taken from the audience of 22 February (second interrogatory):

Asked whether in her youth she learned any art: she said yes, to sew linen cloth and to spin, nor did she fear a Rouen woman in spinning and sewing.

Asked if she had learned any art or trade: said yes, and that her mother had taught her to sew; and that she did not think there was a woman within Rouen who could teach her anything of it.

Art or trade, hesitation of the translator; to sew does not render ad suendum pannos lineos [to sew linen cloths]; she did not think there was a woman, etc., a heavy paraphrase of non timebat mulierem Rothomagensem: she feared no woman of Rouen at spinning or sewing.

Same audience:

Further she confessed that, for fear of the Burgundians, she withdrew from her father’s house and went to the town of Neufchâteau in Lorraine, to a certain woman surnamed La Rousse, where she stayed about fifteen days: adding further that while she was in her father’s house, she was occupied about the household business of the house, nor did she go to the fields with the sheep and other animals.

Said further that she had left her father’s house in part for fear of the Burgundians, and that she had gone to Neufchâteau with a woman named La Rousse, where she stayed for fifteen days; in which house she did the business of the said house, and went not to the fields to keep the sheep nor other beasts.

Here are accumulated all the faults of a bad translation: mistranslation, omission, flatness; all so salient that it would be superfluous to demonstrate it.

After these citations, the question would be emptied, were there not remaining a specious enough passage which M. Dubois cited as an irrefragable proof of the use of the French minute for the part wanting in the d’Urfé manuscript.

This passage is found again in the session of 22 February. Here it is as printed by M. Buchon:

Asked who counselled her to take man’s habit. To which interrogation I have found in one book that her voices had commanded her to take man’s habit; and in the other I have found that, albeit she was several times interrogated on it, each time she made no answer save: I charge no man. And I have found in the said book that she several times varied in this interrogation.

Of the two testimonies set in contradiction in this paragraph, the last is nothing else than the translation of the instrument of the trial:

Item, required to say by whose counsel she took the manly habit: she several times refused to answer this. Finally she said that of this she laid the charge upon no man; and she varied several times.

As for the other answer, by which Joan would have acknowledged having taken the man’s habit to obey her voices, of what text should it be supposed drawn, if not of the French minute?

So reasons M. Dubois; but with more haste than rigour. The sequel of the trial, as it results at once from the Latin instrument and from the uncontested fragments of the French minute, proves a fact: it is that, harassed until the eve of her death to be reduced to owning that her change of costume had been imposed on her by her voices, Joan never ceased to keep herself covered under evasive answers. Would they have pressed her so long if, from the second day, she had made the avowal entered by the translator? From the moment the question returns and is always eluded, there is proof that there never was a positive answer. The consultors of the rehabilitation understood it so, and one of them gave himself to a luminous discussion to turn aside from Joan the suspicions that such a reserve might have raised against her good faith (1).

(1) See the memoir of Theodore de Leliis, vol. II, p. 30.

Thus it is not the minute that the author of Louis XII’s time cited in opposition to the Latin instrument. It is another text of the trial, and we may add, an inexact text; and it remains finally established that the beginning of the Orléans manuscript does not supply what is wanting today, what was wanting from the time of Louis XII, to the d’Urfé manuscript.

But after the translator’s avowal reported above, that he made use only of two books, how arrive, for last conclusion, at pronouncing that he knew three texts, to wit: the truncated text of the minute, that of the Latin instrument, and that of another faulty manuscript? That is no difficulty. I have said that the d’Urfé manuscript contains at the same time as the truncated copy of the minute, that of the entire Latin instrument (2). Let us return to the supposition already made, that our author had that manuscript in his hands; let us join thereto another non-authentic copy of the instrument: behold the three texts forming but two books.

(2) Above, p. 397.

I go further still, and I affirm that the faulty copy which caused the translator’s perplexity on Joan’s taking of the habit, is the Saint-Victor manuscript (1).

(1) Described above, no. 8.

Let the procès-verbal of the session of 22 February be taken (2). Following the interrogation reported above, Item requisita ut diceret, etc., Joan is seen throwing herself into a long digression, then coming back to her costume, saying that she had had to change it, and that she well believed the counsel she had received of it. Dixit praeterea quod oportuerat eam mutare habitum suum in habitum virilem. Item etiam credit quod consilium bene sibi dixit [She said besides that she had had to change her habit into a man’s habit. Item, she also believes that the counsel spoke well to her].

(2) Vol. I, p. 54.

So is conceived the authentic text. But the Saint-Victor manuscript (3), by an error of copying, presents the interpolation of suum between quod and consilium; now Joan often called her voices her counsel; the addition of the personal pronoun consequently restricts to that particular acceptation the sense of consilium, which in the answer as the originals attest it, is taken on the contrary in a general manner, to signify the counsel, whatsoever it was, which had suggested to the Maid to dress as a man.

(3) Fol. 98 verso.

Our author’s assertion can have no other source; for to suppose, as he gives to be understood, that he had under his eyes texts very different one from the other, his own work would have to present more facts in opposition with the facts known by the originals: now, his mistranslations apart, he showed disagreement between his two books only on the point just discussed. Which is to say that he stated the fact of the dissemblance of the texts not after his own criticism, but after the opinion common to his century, that the writings of the Maid’s trial had undergone numerous alterations.

I have insisted on the Orléans manuscript so that persons who expect to find here all the documents of the trial may know why I have not admitted that one, and so that they may agree that it should not figure in an edition where it has been willed to gather only the sources. On this system, the same manuscript beginning with an historical preface which offers some original traits, I introduced fragments of that preface into my fourth volume (p. 256).

Notice of the Pieces of the Rehabilitation #

Chapter I. Preliminaries Not Inserted in the Trial #

This class is that of the documents printed at the head of the second volume. There was put in it what remains of the works anterior to the apostolic rescript of 11 June 1455, whereby the revision of the Maid’s judgment was authorised, save however certain consultative memoirs composed at Charles VII’s request, and two inquiries made in 1452 by the Cardinal d’Estouteville, which it was not possible to detach from the definitive redaction of the trial, where those pieces found their place.

I. Informatio previa super iniquitate prioris processus [Preliminary inquiry upon the iniquity of the former trial] #

I gave this title, for the uniformity of the publication, to the first piece which presents itself in chronological order. It is an inquiry ordained by Charles VII while the conquest of Normandy was being effected, at the beginning of the year 1450. Among many things re-said by most of the same witnesses in 1452 and in 1456, it offers some facts which were not afterwards set forth. It happens moreover that three persons, then examined, no longer figure in the later informations. The order to inform, as well as the witnesses’ depositions, are in French, and in a French which is indeed that of the epoch to which the operation relates.

There existed in the last century two manuscripts of this precious document, both astray today. There remains to us only a truncated and faulty copy of one of them, preserved at the Arsenal library, whose condition is such that we should be reduced to considering the information of 1450 as lost, had not M. de l’Averdy had the happy idea of printing it integrally in his memoir (1). Account must nevertheless be taken of three depositions published before by Lenglet-Dufresnoy (2). Moreover, Edmond Richer had inserted in his manuscript history of Joan of Arc a copy of Charles VII’s mandate, which he had seen in the original, probably at the Trésor des Chartes (3).

(1) Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 492.

(2) Histoire de Jeanne Darc, part II, p. 61.

(3) See our vol. II, p. 2, note 3.

I have reproduced M. de l’Averdy’s edition; and as for the manuscripts, here are the notions I have been able to gather.

Soubise manuscript. — The one used by Lenglet-Dufresnoy and M. de l’Averdy belonged to the library of the Cardinal de Rohan. It was a small, very wide folio volume, on vellum, bound in calf with gilt fillets. One of the boards of the binding no longer held in 1788; the parchment was worm-eaten. The only indication of ownership to be read in it were the words Bibliothecae Subisianae, written on the first and last leaves; but the first initial of the manuscript disclosed to a certain point its origin, by an escutcheon wherewith it was adorned, to wit: a lion azure lampassé gules on a field or, summounted by a chief gules. These arms would appear to have been a differencing of those of Grancey in Champagne.

The first twenty-one leaves were occupied by a summary of the condemnation trial, beginning, without any title, by a little historical introduction of which M. de l’Averdy preserved to us only two phrases in praise of Pierre de Brézé and of the Maid. He might, as will be seen further on, have cited other passages more instructive for establishing the age of the manuscript.

The abridgement of the trial had been made upon the Latin instrument, for the narrative was there put in the judges’ mouth.

There came next (fol. 21 verso) a consultation visibly translated from the Latin; then at fol. 39 the letters patent of Charles VII for the information of 1450, and finally the depositions of the witnesses, which filled twenty leaves. What followed to the end of the manuscript was the copy of divers translations of Latin pieces which will be spoken of in their place (1).

(1) Notices des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 189.

M. de l’Averdy attributed the Soubise manuscript to the reign of Charles VII, and Lenglet-Dufresnoy to the last years of the fifteenth century. It is proved in the following article that it could only have been executed at a fairly advanced epoch of the sixteenth century: which does not prevent the informations being a document of incontestable authenticity.

Arsenal manuscript. — This volume, which belonged to the Marquis de Paulmy, was signalised for the first time by Fevret de Fontette, who says he had a copy taken of it (2). It is marked: Jurisprudence française no. 144. It is a 4to on paper in a bad eighteenth-century hand, with this indication: ex musaeo du Tillet, anno 1716. The title is thus conceived: Trial of Joan of Arc, Maid of Orléans, taken from a manuscript given to M. the Cardinal d’Armagnac, the 25th of March 1569. After the conformity of the Paulmy manuscript, of which he had knowledge, with that of Soubise, M. de l’Averdy had conjectured that the latter and the volume given to the Cardinal d’Armagnac were but one; but that is not possible; for, by M. de l’Averdy’s own avowal, leaves 119 and 120, left blank in the Soubise manuscript, rendered incomplete a piece which presents itself without lacuna in the Paulmy manuscript: proof that the Cardinal d’Armagnac’s manuscript lacked nothing where the other was defective.

(2) Bibliothèque hist. de la France, vol. II, no. 17210.

The historical introduction signalised by M. de l’Averdy begins thus in the Arsenal manuscript: All men desire and naturally covet to know and to learn, as says the philosopher; and Tully says that we are induced and drawn to knowledge by the power and virtue of our nature, etc. That is certainly not the style of Charles VII’s time; but what proves still better that the redaction of the work belongs to the sixteenth century, is that the author cites Gaguin and the Mer des Histoires, books of which use was made only under Louis XII or Francis I.

After the abridged narrative of the trial, conceived as it was in the Soubise manuscript, one arrives at the information of 1450 by this heading, which M. de l’Averdy does not say existed in the Soubise manuscript: Here follow the names, surnames and disposition of witnesses, by me, Guillaume Bouillé, doctor in theology, in virtue and vigour of the commission that the king of France gave me on this affair, the year and day dated heretofore, of those who were sworn and examined at this trial; and I invited the discreet and notable person Du Soucy, priest sworn in the court of Rome and sworn notary in the court of M. the Archbishop of Rouen, on certain articles declared in the commission, on the trial of Joan the Maid who lately since was burned in the city of Rouen, when she was detained by the English.

The interrogatories which come next are copied with much negligence and much mutilated.

The same memoirs as those of the Soubise manuscript terminate the work, but not the manuscript, to which has been given as an appendix an historical memoir on Gilbert de La Curée, by Gui de La Tour, sieur d’Hermay.

II. Consultatio D. Theodorici auditoris Rotae in curia romana [Consultation of Lord Theodore, auditor of the Rota in the Roman court] #

It will be seen in its place that the author’s name was Theodorus de Leliis; Theodoricus is a fault of the manuscripts.

The work is a refutation of the twelve articles which served to ruin Joan in public opinion. It may be considered as one of the memoirs ordered by the Cardinal d’Estouteville, according to the rehabilitation sentence (1). The informations made by that prelate’s order in 1452 are mentioned in it in one place (2). Theodore de Leliis made use, to compose it, of a copy of the trial, to the leaves of which he refers for each of his citations. The discussion finished, as it concerns only dogma, he indicates the points of law on which the jurists will have to pronounce.

(1) Vol. III, p. 357.

(2) Ibid., p. 381.

Following the researches which M. de l’Averdy caused to be made at Rome while he was preparing his great work on the sources of Joan of Arc’s history, the embassy of France sent for the King’s Library a register of copies containing all that had been found of pieces in the Vatican manuscripts. This register was described by M. de l’Averdy himself, when it had just been placed among the king’s manuscripts under no. 5970 bis (3). It is today in the Supplément latin (no. 1033) of the Bibliothèque nationale. It contains two copies of the consultation; one taken from Vatican manuscript 3878 and the other from manuscript 2284.

(3) Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 201.

The first of these texts, according to him who made the transcription, is the very draft of the author. It is full of erasures, destitute of title and subscription. The inventory of the Vatican manuscripts designates it thus: Consultatio ad favorem Joannae vulgo dictae la Pucelle ejusque defensio super capita contenta in processu contra ipsam efformato [Consultation in favour of Joan, vulgarly called the Maid, and her defence upon the heads contained in the trial framed against her].

The manuscript whence the other copy is taken, entered the Vatican with the Ottobonian library, consists of a 4to volume of parchment and paper, of German execution. One reads there on several leaves: Iste liber est conventus Viennensis ord. Fratrum Praedicatorum in Austria [This book belongs to the convent of Vienna of the order of Friars Preachers in Austria]. The memoir for Joan begins at the first leaf, after the title: Tractatus justificationis Johannae Darc per Theodricum auditorem curiae romanae [Treatise of the justification of Joan of Arc by Theodore, auditor of the Roman court]. It is subscribed at the end: Theodoricus auditor rotae curiae romanae. Finally a note of the time, traced on the flyleaf of the manuscript, teaches the reader on what occasion the justification of the Maid was there copied. I transcribe this note after the manuscript register of the Bibliothèque nationale:

At folio one is had the justification of Joan, famed through the world, the Virgin of France, who wrought marvels in matters of war for the king of France against the English, who also finally condemned her to the punishment of death. The treatise of this justification was edited by the lord Theodore, auditor of the Rota of the Roman court, and it ends at fol. 23. This treatise, and a certain one much contrary to it (1), the reverend father, professor of sacred page, brother Johannes Brahalli, inquisitor of the faith in the realm of France, of his grace sent to me heretofore in great quires, by the noble man the lord Leonard Wilszkehet, chancellor and ambassador of the most illustrious prince, Duke Sigismund, to the most glorious king of France. And because the same lord Leonard, chancellor, asked that the said quires be conceded to him by me, therefore it was procured that they should first be transcribed for caution, for the guidance of the brethren, if haply like cases and causes should emerge in future times (2).

(1) Error of the note’s author. This memoir is that of Paul Pontanus, of which there will be question presently.

(2) Bibl. nat., manuscript Suppl. lat. 1033, fol. 44.

By bringing this note together with Jean Bréhal’s letter printed in our second volume (3), it is recognised that the personage to whom was made the sending of this memoir, consequently the author of the note itself, is none other than the prior of the Dominicans of Vienna.

(3) Page 70.

Independently of the two Roman texts, there exists at Paris a third, which M. de l’Averdy did not know. It is found in manuscript 51 (olim 334) of S. Germain Harlay, at the Bibliothèque nationale. This Harlay manuscript is a collection of memoirs for the justification of the Maid, composed of about the same pieces as the Ottobonian one, written in fifteenth-century Gothic cursive, and marked in several places with the name F. Jo. Brehalli. Thus it belonged to Jean Bréhal, inquisitor of France, named judge at the rehabilitation trial and, as has just been seen, author of the sending made to the Dominicans of Vienna.

The consultation of Theodore de Leliis begins at fol. 14 verso of this manuscript under this title: Extractum domini Theodorici auditoris rotae curiae romanae. And at the end one reads: Opus domini Theodorici, etc.

M. de l’Averdy signalised further the existence of the same work translated into French in the Soubise manuscript: Here follows an extract of the venerable person Messire Theodore, of the auditors of the Rota in the Roman court. Same version under the same title in the Arsenal manuscript Jur. fr. 144.

Vatican manuscript 3878, judged autograph, seemed to us bound to be followed preferably for our edition.

In the same volume and in the same hand, there is a summary of the trial which the author of the copies sent from Rome to Paris had thought to be also of Theodore de Leliis, though it was without author’s name (4). This conjecture is justified by the S.-G. Harlay manuscript, where the same piece is given (fol. 47) under this title: Summarium tocius processus habiti contra Johannam vulgo dictam la Pucelle per dominum Theodoricum auditorem Rotae in curia romana [Summary of the whole trial held against Joan, vulgarly called the Maid, by the lord Theodore, auditor of the Rota in the Roman court].

(4) Bibl. Nat., Suppl. lat. 1033, fol. 41.

Let us note further that Theodore de Leliis himself cites the Summarium in his consultation (5).

(5) Ibid., fol. 67.

Here is how this piece begins in the Vatican manuscript:

JESUS. AND THE GLORIOUS JEROME. Summary of the whole trial held against Joan, vulgarly called the Maid. The trial was begun by the lord Pierre, then Bishop of Beauvais, against a certain Joan, vulgarly called the Maid, in the year of the Lord 1430, according to the rite and computation of the Gauls, in the ninth indiction, on the 9th day of the month of January, in the fourteenth year of the pontificate of the lord Martin, pope the fifth, of happy memory. Which bishop, pretending to have jurisdiction over the said Joan, because she had been taken within the limits of his diocese in a certain warlike conflict by the men-at-arms of the lord Duke of Burgundy; and first the said bishop, as appears from the trial, instigated as is believed by the king of England, personally went to the camps of the lord Duke of Burgundy, then situated at Compiègne, and required of him and of the lord Jean de Luxembourg, under whose custody the same Joan was detained, that they should deliver the said Joan to the king of England, that thereupon the king of England might deliver and assign her to the Church, etc., etc.

The last paragraph is of great importance, because it proves that in 1452 men did not think of contesting the authenticity of the posthumous information relegated to the end of the trial. Theodore de Leliis gives this analysis of it:

After the condemnation and execution of the sentence, some days after, to wit the 7th of June, the judges caused certain witnesses to be examined on the things said and confessed by her when she was to be led to judgment, which in effect contain that the same Joan had been deceived and deluded by those voices which promised her her deliverance. She said nevertheless that she had really seen those things which she told of the apparitions, and of the angels, who she said had appeared in certain minute bodies: save what she had said of the crown brought to her King by an angel, asserting herself to have been the bearer-angel, and to have wrought the coronation in the promise of the crown. Whereby she seems to have interpreted her first speech congruously enough. Whether nevertheless it was of good spirit or evil, she said she referred to the judgment of the ecclesiastics. It is also said that she devoutly confessed and with great contrition took the sacrament of the Lord’s body.

We shall keep to these notions on the Summarium, to which we have not been able to give place in our edition.

III. Domini Pauli Pontani advocati consistorialis quaedam allegationes in processum Puellae [Certain allegations of the lord Paul Pontanus, consistorial advocate, into the Maid’s trial] #

This is an opinion which the author gave at first sight, pro prima summaria visione, after the pieces of which he had communication in 1452, the year when he came into France as secretary of the Cardinal d’Estouteville’s legation (1). I know no text of this piece save in manuscript S.-G. Harlay 51 (fol. 34), where it is transcribed under the title above. Each allegation there gives rise to developments which I have refrained from reproducing. They are all in favour of the Maid, and drawn either from the condemnation trial or from the informations of 1452.

(1) Above, p. 301.

The Soubise manuscript, on M. de l’Averdy’s testimony, contained a French translation of this memoir, entitled: Here follow certain allegations of Messire Raoul de Pont, consistorial and Parliament advocate, touching the Maid’s trial. But Paulus Pontanus was never Raoul de Pont, and there is no likelihood that this jurisconsult, attached to the Roman court, ever sat in our Parliament. The error is not peculiar to the Soubise manuscript. That of the Arsenal (Jur. fr. 144) goes further; for it attributes to the memoir not only a title but a subscription in which Pontanus would have called himself advocate in Parliament. I do not believe that testimony any more than the other.

IV. Consultatio ejusdem Pauli Pontani [Consultation of the same Paul Pontanus] #

A more thorough work by the same author, made, one would say, on the model of Theodore de Leliis’s consultation; that is to say that the inexactitude of the twelve articles is demonstrated therein, ending by indicating what are the points of law which the practitioners will have to elucidate. Like Theodore de Leliis, Pontanus availed himself of the condemnation trial (which he calls primum registrum [first register]) and of the two informations made by order of the Cardinal d’Estouteville (processus praeparatorius, processus ultimus [preliminary process, last process]).

We have at the Bibliothèque nationale two texts of this memoir. One in volume S.-G. Harlay 51, with no other superscription than the word Jesus; the other in manuscript Suppl. fr. 1033 (fol. 68 v.), after the Ottobonian manuscript 2284 at the Vatican, where it is signed Paulus Pontanus advocatus consistorialis. The notice written at the head of the Ottobonian manuscript (2) by the prior of the Dominicans of Vienna would tend to make it believed that Pontanus’s work is directed against the Maid; for the German religious says that Bréhal sent him, at the same time as Theodore de Leliis’s treatise, quemdam huic valde contrarium [a certain one much contrary to it]; and a little further on he adds: folio xxxi incipit tractatus Anglicorum predicto tractatui contrarius, et incipit sic: Primus articulus continet quasi summam [at folio 31 begins the Englishmen’s treatise contrary to the aforesaid treatise, and it begins thus: The first article contains as it were the sum]. But only a superficial reading can have made him see therein a treatise conceived in the English opinion.

(2) See above, p. 425.

I have given of Pontanus’s consultation only what it offers of interest for history.

V. Summarium fratris Johannis Brehalli [Summary of brother Jean Bréhal] #

An opuscule composed by the Inquisitor of France to direct the doctors consulted on the subject of the rehabilitation. I reduced it to the simple statement of the propositions on which the author argues, supporting himself by Joan’s answers recorded in the trial.

I had at my disposal two texts of this piece. One, without title or subscription, in manuscript Suppl. fr. 1033 of the Bibliothèque nationale, after the Ottobonian volume 2284 of the Vatican; the other at the end of manuscript S.-G. Harlay 51, equally without title, but terminated by these words: Finit summarium fratris Johannis Brehalli inquisitoris fidei [Here ends the summary of brother Jean Bréhal, inquisitor of the faith].

The reading of the Ottobonian manuscript is preceded by a sort of argument, which is this:

Forasmuch as the same Joan in the schedule of abjuration and in the sentence of condemnation is reputed a lying contriver of divine revelations and apparitions, a pernicious seductress, presumptuous, lightly believing, superstitious, a diviner, a blasphemer against God, the saints male and female, a contemner of God Himself in His sacraments, a prevaricator of divine law, sacred doctrine and ecclesiastical sanctions, seditious, cruel, apostate, schismatic, erring manifoldly in our faith, offending in many ways against God and holy Church, expressly refusing with obdurate, obstinate and pertinacious mind to submit herself to the said Church, the lord Pope and the general council, pertinacious, obstinate, excommunicate and heretic: whether according to the contents of the trial she is to be so accounted?

The more principal and graver points upon which Joan the Maid was condemned as a heretic and delivered to the punishment of fire follow; as well as her answers, and to them substantially extracted from the trial.

There follow the statements which I printed after the Harlay manuscript, suppressing the discussions established on each.

A French translation of the same piece existed in the Soubise manuscript, though that of the Arsenal offers nothing like it (1). It was preceded by a little collection of Joan’s answers on the fact of her revelations, of which M. de l’Averdy preserved to us the title:

(1) Notice des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 192.

Here follow the more principal and great points on which Joan the Maid was taken while keeping the sheep, as a heretic and idolater, and was condemned and finally consumed by punishment of fire at the Old Market of Rouen before Saint-Sauveur; and the answers which she made and that may be drawn and extracted from her trial, because she said and affirmed to have had visions and bodily apparitions of Saint Michael, heard and received often the voices and revelations of Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine and other spirits.

VI. F. Johannis Brehalli epistola F. Leonardo Praedicatorum Viennensium scripta [Letter of brother Jean Bréhal written to brother Leonard of the Friars Preachers of Vienna] #

This letter accompanied the sending specified above (1) which the Inquisitor of France made to the prior of the Dominicans of Vienna. It is dated from Lyon, 31 December. I have not been able to fix its year, though there are in it two historical facts: the embassy in France of the chancellor of Austria, and the restoration of the Dominicans of Nantes to the enjoyment of their provincial chapter (2). I suppose that agrees with the winter of 1453.

(1) Page 425.

(2) Vol. II, p. 71.

Among our manuscripts, only no. 1033 S.-F. of the Bibliothèque nationale gives this piece, after the Ottobonian volume so often cited in the preceding paragraphs. It is there entered in the table of contents under two different titles: first, Folio 58 habetur copia epistolae prefati inquisitoris ad fratrem Leonardum conventus Viennensis; and then: Folio 58, epistola inquisitoris fidei in regno Franciae ad F. inquisitorem fidei per provinciam Salisburgensem [At folio 58 is had the copy of the aforesaid inquisitor’s letter to brother Leonard of the convent of Vienna; at folio 58, the letter of the inquisitor of the faith in the realm of France to the inquisitor of the faith through the province of Salzburg].

VII. Consultation of Pierre l’Hermite, sub-dean of Saint-Martin of Tours #

A memoir in answer to seventeen of the articles proposed by Paul Pontanus outside the question of dogma. The original text is lost; there remains of it only a detestable French translation in the Arsenal manuscript. It formed part also of the matters contained in the Soubise manuscript; but with the lacuna of which mention was made previously (3).

(3) Above, p. 422.

I hesitated long to reproduce aught of the very faulty Arsenal version. I ended by giving a specimen of it among the detached pieces of the present volume (1), where it might perhaps not be sought, did I not here warn that it is there.

(1) P. 245.

Chapter II. The Rehabilitation Trial #

1. Of the first writings of the trial #

The registrars of the rehabilitation trial were Denis Comitis or Lecomte, and François Ferrebouc, both notaries in the University of Paris. Present at the first day of the cause, legally instituted at the second, they took minutes and drew instruments without interruption from the beginning to the end. But the instance being established on divers points of the realm at once obliged them to commit several substitutes in their lieu and place. The depositions of the witnesses, which are the capital part of the trial, are thereby found to have been generally collected and translated into Latin by clerks foreign to the registry. Not to speak of the informations of 1452, whose writings had for authors Socius or Compaing Otte and Jean Dauvergne, both of Rouen, those of Lorraine, made in January 1456 at Domrémy, Vaucouleurs and Toul, were drawn up by Dominique Dominici, church notary at Toul; that of Orléans, made in February and March of the same year, had for registrar Guillaume or Gérard de la Salle (2), whom the judges called again to collect, in the month of May, the depositions of the five last witnesses of Paris. Hugues and Henry Bellièvre, attached to the ecclesiastical court of Lyon, received at the end of May the testimony of Jean d’Aulon, Joan of Arc’s maître d’hôtel, and sent it to the judges without having translated it from French into Latin; which is perhaps why it was inserted as it was in the trial. It is the only one in that case. As for Comitis and Ferrebouc, they drew up only the informations of Rouen and of Paris, begun in December and January, completed in May 1456. Nor does it appear that they needed substitutes for the redaction of the procès-verbaux or for the drawing of the tribunal’s acts.

(2) He is found in the instrument under these two Christian names. See vol. III, pp. 2 and 118.

The existence has never been signalised, in any archive repository, of the originals or minutes which formed the rehabilitation’s file. It is probable that all of it perished long ago. I believe I have found trace of it in a document posterior by few years to the trial. It is an inventory drawn up about 1460 of the Bags and letters of the King being at Tours (1). Article 15 of it is thus conceived: Item, another bag of common affairs, in which is the appointment of Xaincoins, the seal of my lord Prégent de Coëtivy, the affair of the Maid, and several other affairs. If by the affair of the Maid are to be understood the papers of the rehabilitation, it will be conceived that those papers may have been early lost or destroyed, having been carried into a provincial castle instead of having their place in one of the crown’s great repositories.

(1) The original of this inventory is in manuscript 8438 of the Bibliothèque nationale, fol. 81.

2. Of the two modes of redaction applied to the instrument of the trial #

Far short was the merit of the men to whom we owe the redaction of this trial from equalling that of the authors of the condemnation instrument. Nor is there any proportion between the literary merit of the two works. As much as the one is rapid, disengaged, clear, so much is the other diffuse and confused. That depends on the tribunal’s not having meddled in the redaction. The two registrars had all the charge of it, and though Ferrebouc enjoyed in his time a certain reputation as a lettered man (1), it is certain he was but a schoolboy in comparison with Thomas de Courcelles.

(1) See vol. III, p. 95, note 1.

Their task, it must be owned, was rendered very laborious by the quantity and length of the pieces produced before the tribunal, pieces which after the usage of that time had to be transcribed integrally into the definitive act. Now, the whole condemnation trial — minute, Latin redaction and instrument of the sentence — had been delivered into the judges’ hands, who moreover accepted the informations of 1452 and eight consultative memoirs chosen from the number of those which the solemnity of the debate and the king’s exhortations had caused to rain from all parts. All that made in volume well twice as much as the cause, already very long by itself. In presence of this mass of documents, Comitis and Ferrebouc did not at first dream of departing from the ordinary practices. They drew up the instrument of the rehabilitation in the form of letters patent, in which the judges, speaking there from one end to the other in the first person, stated the whole course of the procedure, insertion being made in their place of the acts decreed and of the pieces produced. In that form was executed a copy of the trial, of which considerable fragments remain to us in the famous d’Urfé manuscript of the Bibliothèque nationale. But this copy, once made, received no authentic character, either because the judges did not approve it, or because of their own motion the registrars found their work too little satisfying to despatch it in that state.

They began again therefore at fresh expense, and sought this time to convert into a methodical collection what they had not been able to draw up suitably in the accustomed form of judicial documents. The authentic copies that we have of the trial are the result of this second work.

Here is wherein the second redaction differs from that which preceded it:

1° The protocol is preceded by a preface in which the registrars set out the mode of division they thought fit to apply to their matters.

2° The facts of the cause are no longer presented under the warrant of the judges, but under that of the registrars, who name the judges in the third person, and themselves in the first, every time they intervene in the narrative.

3° The deduction of the trial is divided into seven periods which form seven chapters, between which have been intercalated two complementary chapters to contain, one the informations, the other the doctrinal opinions admitted by the tribunal.

4° The registrars, according to what they say in their preface (1), having delivered under their signs three expeditions of the trial, thought they ought to insert only in a single one the writings of the condemnation. Now, as of those three expeditions we possess only two, which do not contain the said writings, it results from that very absence that the manuscripts which are for us the legal instrument of the rehabilitation present a difference more with the first redaction.

(1) See vol. II, p. 2.

The description of the manuscripts will finish bringing into relief the fact, which nobody has perceived until now, of two consecutive redactions given to the procedure of 1456.

3. Of the faulty redaction of the definitive instrument #

For having undergone the divisions and reductions just enumerated, the definitive instrument of the rehabilitation is not of easier reading. One loses oneself in the prolixity of the procès-verbaux, and in that, no less great, of the justificative pieces with which they are overloaded, as citations, reports, requests, parties’ memoirs, etc.

Moreover, the manuscripts testify to an extreme negligence on the registrars’ part, not only by the incorrectness of the texts, but also by faults of redaction which one is surprised to meet in an act clothed with a legal character.

Thus, for example, numbers, whether expressed in figures or written in full letters, are almost always faulty. From the beginning of the cause, this produces an inextricable confusion. A first appearance is there dated 17 November 1455, at the end of which the parties are adjourned for the 7th of the same month (1). This impossible date of 7 November returns in the following procès-verbal (2). In having recourse to the primitive redaction (3), one finds the adjournment pronounced for the 17th, while the preliminary step is dated only approximately, a paucis citra temporibus [a little before these times]. After that, if one is right in attributing to the adjournment the date of the appearance, is one equally right in effecting the inverse transposition?

(1) Vol. II, pp. 82, 90 and 91.

(2) Vol. II, p. 92.

(3) Vol. III, p. 372.

The Christian names, as much of witnesses as of the tribunal’s officers, are a source of errors no less frequent. One of the first functionaries of the realm, Raoul de Gaucourt, is called Jean de Gaucourt (4); Nicolas Taquel, registrar at the first trial and witness at the second, has become Pierre Taquel (5); a certain De la Salle, church notary employed several times by the tribunal to collect the informations, is called sometimes Guillaume, sometimes Gérard, as I have already remarked (6); etc., etc.

(4) Vol. III, p. 16.

(5) Vol. III, p. 195.

(6) Above, p. 432.

For what concerns the very style of the procès-verbaux, it happens that in several places the discourse has remained in the judges’ mouth, as it was originally, for want of having put the verbs and pronouns into another person. Numerous examples of this will be found in the edition (7).

(7) Vol. II, pp. 151, 152, 262, 266; III, pp. 118, 246.

Elsewhere it is the redaction of the procès-verbal of one same audience which differs from one to the other of the two manuscripts (8). A still graver irregularity presents itself on the procès-verbal of the audience of 9 June 1456, where the summoned parties were foreclosed by contumacy from the right to speak against the productions. The two manuscripts begin by agreeing on a certain redaction, after which the tribunal would have, the same day, heard the petitioners’ request and pronounced the foreclusion of the summoned (9). Then after that there presents itself in one of the same texts a quite different narrative, after which the judges, the demand heard, would have put off to the morrow to pronounce, tam ex officio quam alias [as well ex officio as otherwise]: which brings about one audience more, which has its separate procès-verbal (10).

(8) Vol. III, pp. 256, 258, 297.

(9) Vol. III, p. 247.

(10) Vol. III, pp. 282 and 253.

All this demonstrates that the authentic expeditions issued from the registry without having been collated; that Comitis and Ferrebouc signed them with closed eyes, leaving the faults committed by their clerks to the excellence of the cause.

4. Description of the unique manuscript of the first redaction #

Bibliothèque nationale, d’Urfé manuscript. — It is a folio maximo volume, on choice vellum, 51 by 30 centimetres; gilt on the edges, with green calf binding, the back in red morocco with Napoleon’s cipher. On the boards have been transferred engraved coppers which belonged to an older binding, to wit, two vairèd and helmeted escutcheons, which are the arms of the house of Urfé, plus eight corner-pieces composed of emblems in which interlace, with the device uni, the ciphers I and C.

294 leaves numbered first in Roman numerals from j to xxxij, then from 1 to 261 in Arabic numerals.

Two well-distinct hands alternate with each other in divers places of the manuscript. One is the flowing cursive of Louis XII’s time, the other is the finest Gothic of Charles VII’s chancery. These alternations produce such confusion that nobody until now has been able to find his way in it. The description of the volume must therefore be at the same time a discussion, whence will issue with more evidence the fact previously alleged, that there were two different redactions of the rehabilitation trial.

The key of the d’Urfé manuscript consists in well separating what is of one hand from what is of the other. That is why I will first operate the distinction by enumerating the manuscript’s matters in groups which will indicate in which of the two hands they are traced.

1° Writing of the sixteenth century. From the fol. numbered j to fol. xxxij is found the Journal du siège d’Orléans, beginning on the first page by its ordinary title: Petit traicté par manière de cronique, etc. (1) Then, starting from the first leaf marked in Arabic numerals, comes the instrument of the condemnation trial: In nomine Domini amen. Incipit processus, etc., as far as the words ego non deponerem sine licentia Dei of the interrogatory of 3 March, which end the verso of fol. 16, and are followed by a headline Item dit announcing the continuation at recto fol. 17.

(1) See the continuation in our vol. IV, p. 95.

2° Writing of the fifteenth century. At the top of recto fol. 17, Item dit que la demoiselle de Luxembourg, etc., and the whole continuation of what I have said to be the French minute (2). That ends at verso fol. 34, where begins a new transcription of the Latin instrument, In nomine Domini amen. Incipit processus, etc., which instrument this time is complete. It is followed by the instrument of the sentence, Deinde sequitur tenor sentencie seu sentenciarum contra eamdem Johannam late seu latarum, which goes from verso fol. 96 to verso fol. 100. After comes the deposition of Jean d’Aulon, Sequitur consequenter deposicio nobilis viri, etc. (3), which transports us into the thick of the rehabilitation trial, that is to say to the procès-verbaux of the audiences of 9 and 10 June 1456, interrupted at the bottom of verso fol. 103 by the words per deffunctum magistrum Petrum Cauchon, and the headline loquentes, in a more modern hand, announcing fol. 104.

(2) Above, pp. 385 and 397.

(3) It is useless to count a modern leaf (fol. 101), intercalated in d’Aulon’s deposition and completing it. This document, being not of set form, is everywhere the same.

3° Writing of the sixteenth century. Recto fol. 104: Loquentes qui veritatem non enunciarunt, etc. It is the last paragraph of I know not what memoir, which brings us back to the first trial by the copy of the annexes of the condemnation; and at the end of these annexes, at verso fol. 110: Finis processus condemnacionis libri Sancti Victoris [End of the condemnation trial of the Saint-Victor book]. Then at fol. 111: Hic est initium libri absolucionis [Here is the beginning of the book of the absolution], a title which is followed by the registrars’ preface set at the head of the second redaction: Exigit racionis ordo, etc.

4° Writing of the fifteenth century. Recto fol. 113. The intitule of the rehabilitation trial as we report it at p. 367 of our third volume: Continet istud opus processum judicialem, etc., with the whole continuation of the procedure put in narrative form in the judges’ mouth. The document continues in this form to the bottom of verso fol. 240, where it is interrupted by the phrase brevissimo temporis spacio Cenomannia, Normannia, Acquitania quae multis annis per Anglicos occupata fuerat absque pene sanguinis Gallorum effusione… [in the briefest space of time Maine, Normandy and Aquitaine, which for many years had been occupied by the English, without almost any shedding of French blood…], a phrase which is of a justificatory memoir written by Martin Berruyer, Bishop of Le Mans.

5° Writing of the sixteenth century. Recto fol. 241. Copy of the definitive redaction of the rehabilitation trial as it exists in the Saint-Victor manuscript, from the audience of 4 June 1456. One reads at fol. 261 and last, after the sentence: Hic est finis libri absolutionis Johannae Darc dictae vulgariter la Pucelle [Here is the end of the book of the absolution of Joan of Arc, vulgarly called the Maid].

Such is the content, one may say the chaos, of the d’Urfé manuscript. M. de l’Averdy first discerned one thing in it: it is that all the sixteenth-century writings were so many complements destined to fill lacunae which existed in a text earlier written. M. de l’Averdy also judged very well, though by conjecture, that the part of that old text where the interrogatories in French are, was the copy of the French minute. Beyond that, he saw therein but smoke, and he proves it by saying that, without the presence of the minute, the d’Urfé manuscript would be of no use (1).

(1) Notices et extraits des manuscrits, vol. III, p. 201.

Doubtless such a judgment would be allowed to be pronounced if, apart from the French minute, the d’Urfé manuscript were the exact copy of the authentic text of the rehabilitation; but is it so? By no means, since the fourth section of that manuscript shows us the rehabilitation procedure unfolding in quite another manner; since one sees that procedure begin by a long intitule which is only there (2); since one there hears speak no longer the registrars but the judges. Here indeed is a capital enough difference for the d’Urfé manuscript not to be replaced by any other, all those known offering but the copy of the definitive instrument, in which the exposition is made by the registrars.

(2) Vol. III, p. 367.

That is not all: the pieces inserted in the trial are not disposed in the fourth part of the d’Urfé manuscript as they are in the originals or in the copies of the authentic redaction. There they have been gathered in methodical order, all the informations together, all the consultations together. Here on the contrary they come at the place where they were produced. Thus, following the first audience, is found the information of 1452 and the memoir of Guillaume Bouillé, because those pieces were deposited by the petitioners on the very day that the judges seized themselves of the prosecution.

The fourth section of the d’Urfé manuscript taking thus the aspect of an original monument, it must be made the object of an attentive examination, and it must be assured whether the procedure is there deduced in a complete manner. In giving oneself to a sustained study of the text, one discovers a solution of continuity which M. de l’Averdy did not perceive.

At the bottom of fol. 204 verso, this intitule is read:

Deinde sequitur minuta seu notula notariorum processus agitati contra eandem Johannam la Pucelle, tradita seu tradite in vim compulsorie per magistrum Guillelmum Manchon, alterum notariorum, et pro majori parte ejus manu scripta: in qua minuta inter alia inscribitur quoddam foliolum faciens mentionem de correctione certorum articulorum de quo in acto precedenti fit mentio.

[Then follows the minute or note of the notaries of the trial conducted against the same Joan the Maid, delivered in virtue of compulsion by master Guillaume Manchon, one of the notaries, and for the greater part written by his hand: in which minute is inscribed among other things a certain little leaf making mention of the correction of certain articles of which mention is made in the preceding act.]

And the recto of fol. 205 begins with another title: Opinio reverendi in Christo patris domini Heliae Petragoricensis [Opinion of the reverend father in Christ, the lord Hélie of Périgueux].

Nothing corresponds to the first of these titles; the memoir of the Bishop of Périgueux arrives as the second announces it: there is therefore a lacuna between the two.

Now, this title to which nothing corresponds announces very clearly the copy of the minute of the first trial. Is there any reason why this copy should have been inserted there? Yes; for what precedes is the procès-verbal of the day of 5 June 1456, in which it is said that the petitioners produced, with several other pieces, Joan’s trial, French text and Latin text.

As the deposit of these pieces is entered in a more express manner in the procès-verbal in question than in that of the definitive redaction (1), I believe it useful to report its very terms:

(1) See vol. III, p. 282.

To satisfy the assignation of the day, the same procurators exhibited and produced a certain letter of the king of England signed by master Laurent Calot, his secretary, whose sign was proved by the witnesses hereunder; as also a certain paper in which was said to be contained a certain work made by master Jean de Jarson; as also the trial formerly made and conducted against the same Joan the Maid, as much in French as in Latin, by masters Guillaume Manchon, Guillaume Colles otherwise called Boysguillaume, and Nicolas Tasquel, notaries of the said trial, recognised and acknowledged; and notably a certain little paper leaf written and signed by the hand of the same Manchon and by him recognised, in which it was stated to have been resolved that the articles contained in the trial and the sentence ought to be corrected and so corrected set before those deliberating; and yet it is certain that the same were nowise corrected, etc. (2).

(2) D’Urfé manuscript, fol. 202 verso. This passage does not form part of the fragments of the same manuscript which I printed at the end of my third volume.

Let us now report ourselves to the second section of the d’Urfé manuscript, that where the fifteenth-century writings begin. We find there first the decapitated copy of the interrogatories in French, with intercalation of notes of procès-verbaux in Latin, that is to say the piece which M. de l’Averdy conjectured, and which he would have affirmed to be the minute of the trial had he known the title without sequel reported above. The Latin redaction and the instrument of the sentences which come next in the same section complete the deposit effected in the terms of the procès-verbal of 5 June. D’Aulon’s deposition, received at Lyon on 28 May, and which consequently could reach the judges only in the first days of June, arrives likewise in its chronological order, being placed after the copies of the trial; finally the audiences of 9 and 10 June, by which the manuscript’s second section ends, finish proving that this whole section, to be in its place, ought to be intercalated in the fourth, between leaves 204 and 205.

In truth there will still be a lacuna between the verso of leaf 204 and the text thus carried over; there will be a lacuna of all that is wanting to the minute; it is a void irreparable today, as it already was at the beginning of the sixteenth century, since when men would fill it, they had to have recourse to the Saint-Victor manuscript (1), a mere copy of the authentic instrument. I add that the loss was already old at the moment of that restoration, if it be judged by the state of folio 17; for it is visible that this leaf, stained with damp and soiled, served a long time as cover to the manuscript.

(1) Above, p. 440.

The place where the second section ends does not attach itself either immediately to fol. 205 of the manuscript. There exists there another solution of continuity, which comes from the loss of the leaves where were transcribed the procès-verbaux of 18 June, of the 1st and 2nd July, the promoter’s conclusions and divers other things besides.

But these mutilations do not prevent that the second section of the manuscript ought to be intercalated in the fourth at the place indicated, that is to say that it is necessary to transpose leaves 17 to 103 between the two leaves 204 and 205.

The old writings which finish with the fourth section on leaf 240 are far from conducting us to the term of the trial. There are wanting in it four of the consultative memoirs accepted by the tribunal, the visit and the recollection of those memoirs, the conclusion in the cause and the sentence. These lacunae, joined to those already signalised, may be evaluated at about a third of the trial, so that the damage befallen the manuscript between the moment of its execution and that of its restoration is of more than a hundred leaves, the sum of the subsisting fifteenth-century leaves being two hundred and fifteen.

As for the seventy-nine leaves which form the first, third and fifth sections of the manuscript, they are the copy of another text which would easily be recognised by the chronicle of the siege of Orléans which forms its beginning, even if its provenance were not indicated at fol. 110, where one reads: Finis processus condemnacionis libri Sancti Victoris. Thus it was with the Saint-Victor manuscript, a most defective and most posterior copy of the authentic redaction of the two trials, that men believed they could recompose the redaction without analogue of which the d’Urfé manuscript contains the debris. The unintelligence of this conception is surpassed only by that of the execution, since the present state of the manuscript proves that men knew neither to recognise the lacunae nor to put back in their place the transposed quires.

To sum up:

1° The d’Urfé manuscript is the unique copy of an essay-redaction applied to the Maid’s rehabilitation trial, but not adopted for the despatch of the engrossments of the said trial.

2° From the fifteenth century, when the quires of this copy were attached, an ill-starred transposition caused to be sewn at the head of the volume the copy of the condemnation writings, which ought to have taken place in the interior, following the procès-verbal of 5 June.

3° In the sixteenth century, probably under the reign of Louis XII, the manuscript, much dilapidated and reduced to about two-thirds of its volume by the destruction of several quires, was repaired by adding to it new quires, of which the matter was taken from the Saint-Victor manuscript, and which were transferred with as little discernment as the binder had shown in attaching the old ones together.

4° All that is of the oldest writing in the d’Urfé manuscript has the price of an original; all that is of a later hand is without any value.

There remains only to sum up the historical notions that we possess on this singular work.

The letters C and I which form part of the cover’s ornaments are the initials of Claude d’Urfé (1502–1558) and of his wife Jeanne de Balzac. This lady having died in 1542, her husband, to express the regret her loss caused him, adopted the device uni which is also found on the manuscript’s chasing. Claude d’Urfé was a great lover of books. The old authors of Forez speak with admiration of a magnificent library which he had formed in his castle of La Bâtie. He possessed especially manuscripts of inestimable price, and these manuscripts he owed for the most part to his wife, who had inherited them from her mother Anne de Graville, daughter of Louis XII’s admiral, a person no less illustrious by her literary tastes than by her birth (1). After all that I am led to infer that the d’Urfé manuscript comes to us from Admiral Louis Mallet de Graville: a conjecture which is further confirmed by that other which I made previously (2), to wit that the same manuscript must have been between the hands of the compiler employed by Louis XII at the said admiral’s instigation.

(1) Les D’Urfé, Souvenirs historiques et littéraires du Forez, by Aug. Bernard, 8vo. Paris, 1839.

(2) Literary notice of the condemnation trial, above, pp. 413 and 416.

Moreover it becomes very probable, after the age of the writing, that it is again Louis de Graville who caused to be completed, with the text of the Saint-Victor manuscript, that of the primitive redaction of the rehabilitation which had arrived all mutilated between his hands.

Besides the arms and emblems of Claude d’Urfé, the manuscript bears for mark the name of Baluze written on the first leaf. What is known of the transmissions of which it was the object does not explain the presence of that erudite’s name. Fevret de Fontette, who possessed it in 1769 and who consecrated to it an important article in the Bibliothèque historique de la France (3), says he held it of a M. Thomas d’Islan, who had it of M. de Chavannes, who had it of Honoré d’Urfé, the author of L’Astrée, grandson of the Claude d’Urfé of whom there has just been question.

(3) Vol. II, no. 17207.

In 1787, M. de l’Averdy found this volume at the repository of Charters and Historical Monuments, Place Vendôme, and could not learn how it had arrived there (4). It fell to the Bibliothèque nationale at the moment of the revolution, and was bound under the Empire as it is seen today, because the old cover, which was of wood and green velvet, was falling in shreds.

(4) Notices et extraits des manuscrits, vol. III, p. 198.

5. Description of the manuscripts of the definitive redaction #

1. Bibliothèque nationale, no. 5970 Latin. — Volume of very large folio, on vellum, 526 millimetres high by 323 wide, gilt on the edges, bound in red morocco with the arms of France on the boards, gilt fillets, bands on the back with the title Processus justificationis Joannae d’Arc. It is composed of 207 leaves, of which only the first 204 are numbered in Roman numerals. Fine Gothic cursive of the time of Charles VII, with initials ornamented with pen-flourishes; seventy lines to the page; eighty-five letters to the line.

Of the two authentic copies, it is much the finest. It is that also whose text has most constantly served for our edition. It is legalised at the bottom of each leaf (but only from the third) by the formula sic affirmo, which the two signatures Comitis and Ferrebouc follow. The same signatures are generally repeated in the interior of the text after the transcription of the acts decreed by the tribunal.

At the top of recto fol. 1, after a blank reserved for an initial E which was not executed: EXIGIT RACIONIS ORDO et recta disposicio equitatis docet, etc. The end of the trial is at recto fol. 204. It is announced by the autograph attestations of the same Comitis and Ferrebouc, attestations whose text will be found in the edition (1). The signature of each consists, besides the flourish, in a drawing of interlacements, as the notaries of the fifteenth century appended to acts of great solemnity.

(1) Vol. III, p. 352.

The three last leaves, which are not numbered, contain a Latin poem on the Maid. This piece, disposed in two columns and separated into two books or cantos, appears written in the same hand as the trial. It is without title or author’s name. Its text will be found printed for the first time in the present volume (p. 42).

Manuscript 5970 was originally marked Tab. juris civilis j. super fine liber xvj; then later, in large figures, 187, and finally 6817.

I believe I recognise in the two first of these marks old shelf-numbers of the Trésor des Chartes, and in my opinion the manuscript comes from that repository. There are good reasons to give for it. Louis XI (it is an ascertained fact) caused to be deposited at the Trésor des Chartes the royal copy of the rehabilitation, which had been kept until then at the Chamber of Accounts (1). In 1540, 1565, 1612 and 1661, Hector Boethius, Du Tillet (2), Jean Hordal (3), Denys Godefroy (4) consulted in turn the rehabilitation trial of the Trésor des Chartes. In the last century there is no more trace at the Trésor des Chartes of such a manuscript. Now, three authentic expeditions of the trial were executed; one which remained at Notre-Dame until 1785 and which consequently is not that of the Treasury; the other which contained all the condemnation writings, among others the minute in French of the interrogatories, unknown to Hordal and to all authors before M. de l’Averdy — and it is not that one either which could have lain formerly at the Trésor des Chartes. There remains then the third manuscript, that to which this article is consecrated, to answer the conditions of the deposit effected by order of Louis XI.

(1) See above, p. 254.

(2) Recueil des Rois de France, part II, p. 364, edition of 1618. See below the description of manuscript S. F. 350-10.

(3) Heroinae nobilissimae Joannae Darc, etc., Historia, etc. Preface and p. 205.

(4) Histoire de Charles VII, p. 903.

2. Same repository, Notre-Dame fund, no. 138. — Volume in middling folio, of paper and vellum intermixed, thirty-seven by twenty-seven centimetres, worm-eaten in the last quires; in boards and covered with green parchment, the edge painted yellow.

One hundred and eighty leaves numbered in old Arabic numerals. Cursive writing, save at the beginning of the paragraphs whose first word is in large moulded Gothic. Initials ornamented with pen-flourishes.

Authentic expedition, one of the three mentioned in the registrars’ preface; initialled at the bottom of all the leaves Comitis and Ferrebouc, without approbative formula.

The text begins at recto fol. 1 after a parchment flyleaf: EXIGIT RACIONIS ORDO et recta disposicio equitatis docet, etc.; the E of exigit richly illuminated with arabesques on a ground of gold, and flanked by a miniature vignette descending the length of the margin. It ends at the recto of fol. 180 with the date of the final sentence, die septima mensis julii [the seventh day of the month of July], after which come immediately, without attestation formula, the two signatures Comitis and Ferrebouc.

Marked originally Invent. CX; then in seventeenth-century cursive and in red ink: I am of the library of Notre-Dame of Paris. More recently: At the church of Paris H. 10. Finally the old stamp of the King’s Library.

Though destined to make proof of the trial as well as the preceding, this manuscript is not yet altogether conformable to it. First it does not contain the consultative memoirs accepted by the tribunal, save that of Gerson. The registrars warned the reader of this suppression by a marginal note set opposite the eighth article of their preface announcing the insertion of the said memoirs: Tractatus de quibus in hoc octavo articulo fit mentio solum sunt inscripti in duobus magnis processibus propter eorum prolixitatem [The treatises of which mention is made in this eighth article are only inscribed in the two great trials, on account of their prolixity]. Differences of procès-verbaux between manuscript 5970 and this one have already been signalised (1). Finally it contains, more than the other, the instrument of the sentence, which is there transcribed among the productions of 5 June.

(1) Above, p. 437.

There is further to be read on the inside of the cover of the Notre-Dame manuscript a note already very old, which is conceived in these terms: M. P. Louvet, advocate in Parliament, in his history of Beauvais, book 2, under Pierre Cauchon, Bishop of Beauvais, in 1420, p. 558, says p. 560 that Monstrelet made the description of the taking, imprisonment of the Maid, and of her judgment in verses which he reports, where among other things there is:

At the trial of her innocence
There are singular things,
And it is a great pleasure
To see all the two matters.
The said trial is chained
In the library of Notre-Dame
Of Paris, and was there given
By the bishop, on whose soul God have mercy.

These verses are not Monstrelet’s, but Martial d’Auvergne’s, and they are extracted from the Vigiles de Charles VII, which will be found more amply cited above, p. 78. It is indeed our manuscript that they concern. After having belonged to the Bishop of Paris, Guillaume Chartier, who was one of the rehabilitation judges, this volume was bequeathed by him to his church. In 1472, the year of the prelate’s death, his testamentary executors delivered it to the chapter, which caused it to be bound between two boards, with the donor’s arms, with clasps and iron-work (1). This iron-work consisted, among other pieces, of a chain which held the volume fixed on one of the desks of the library of Notre-Dame; that is why Martial d’Auvergne says it is chained. From 1475 the chain is mentioned in the authentic act of a transcription which is today at Rome (2); Martial’s testimony is of 1484.

(1) See the act of execution, p. 218 of this volume.

(2) Below, p. 458.

Some years later, but still under the reign of Charles VII, the Notre-Dame manuscript served for the execution of that of Saint-Victor. At the end of the sixteenth century, the Jesuit Mariana consulted the same text and drew thence the materials of a narrative which he afterwards introduced into his history of Spain (3). Edmond Richer avows having made use of it also for his unpublished history of Joan of Arc. Lenglet Dufresnoy is one of the last who saw it at Notre-Dame. It passed into the King’s Library in 1756, when the chapter of the church of Paris ceded its manuscripts to Louis XV, who was having a monumental sacristy built for them. M. de l’Averdy mentioned it, but did not study it, presuming it more conformable to manuscript 5970 than it really is.

(3) Book XX: An eternal ornament of Gaul, noble to all ages, as the judges given in the cause by Calixtus, the Roman pontiff, pronounced; which acts are kept with faith in the archive of the supreme temple of Paris.

3. Same repository, Saint-Victor fund, no. 285. — Volume already described with the condemnation texts (4).

(4) Above, p. 398.

The copy of the rehabilitation trial there begins at fol. 350, after five leaves left blank at the origin, on which have since been transcribed the first decrees rendered by the Parliament of Paris against the Protestants, among others that of Louis Berquin. The initial E of the notaries’ preface, Exigit rationis ordo, contains a miniature rather finely executed, representing a woman in petticoat and peasant’s coif with red buskins, a sword and a halberd. That there might be no mistaking the personage he meant to represent, the artist coloured on a banderole the name of the Maid.

The Saint-Victor manuscript is a copy of that of Notre-Dame, as proves the note relative to the suppression of the consultative memoirs which is there reproduced textually. Right at the end of the manuscript, in place of the final attestations, the copyist wrote this note: We certify to all that the original trial of the said Maid, of which this is immediately extracted, exists signed Comitis and Ferrebouc on every leaf of it.

The old analytical table placed at the head of the volume indicates in the following manner the principal parts of the rehabilitation:

Item, another trial made about the year of the Lord 1455, by ordination and rescript of the apostolic see, under the reverend fathers Jean, Archbishop of Reims, Guillaume of Paris and Richard of Coutances, bishops, professors of law, and master Jean Bréhal, doctor of sacred theology, inquisitor of the faith in the realm of France, judges in this part, at the instance of Isabelle, mother of Joan the Maid, and of her brothers and parents, for the innocence and justification of the said Joan to be declared; in which trial are set at length the informations and inquests made in the place of the said Joan’s origin and elsewhere, from folio 350 to 568. And it is to be noted that in the trial are inserted at length several treatises of several bishops and prelates, professors of sacred theology and of laws, and of others who wrote solemnly and at full upon the matter of the said trial; which nevertheless are not written in this volume.

Item, the tenor of the definitive sentence rendered and promulgated by the above-named deputed judges in the city of Rouen, in the archiepiscopal palace, in the year of the Lord 1456, in the month of July; by which sentence it is declared that the trial, sentences and executions made under the lord Pierre Cauchon, Bishop of Beauvais, against Joan the Maid, contain manifest fraud, calumny, contradiction and error of law and of fact; annulling the said trial with its sequels and wholly voiding it, and declaring the same Joan and her parents to have contracted no note or stain of infamy therefrom, and to be cleared and purged of the crimes imputed to her; ordaining finally the present sentence of the lord judges to be solemnly and forthwith published in the city of Rouen in two places: one, to wit, forthwith in the square of Saint-Ouen, a general procession and public sermon preceding; and in another place on the following day, in the Old Market, namely in the place where the said Joan was exterminated by the cruel burning of fire by the English, with solemn preaching there and the affixing of an honourable cross to the perpetual memory of the said Joan, etc., f. 568.

4. Same repository, Supplément français, no. 350a. — Volume already described with the condemnation texts.

The rehabilitation writings are in a different hand, more careless and a little more modern. Ægidius Perrini, whose ex libris is found on the manuscript’s first page, would appear to be its author. They begin at fol. 132 recto with the registrars’ preface, preceded by the title: Commissio et ordinatio notariorum ex parte delegatorum episcoporum judicum [Commission and ordination of the notaries on behalf of the deputed bishop-judges].

The note Certiores omnes facimus, etc., placed at fol. 195 after the final sentence, proves that this copy, moreover much abridged, was made upon the Saint-Victor manuscript.

After the rehabilitation comes a notice of three pages, in a still more modern hand, under this title: Argument of the trials hereinbefore contained, extracted by me Claude du Han, lord of the said place (1), and curate of Punerey. 1576. This notice begins thus: In the year one thousand four hundred and twenty-nine, in the time of Charles the Seventh, the Maid of Domrémy aged eighteen years, etc. At the end is repeated the name of Claude du Han, whose presence we have already signalised on one of the first leaves of the volume (2).

(1) The lordship of du Han was in Barrois, between Bar and Saint-Mihiel. It became in the last century the duchy of Franquemont.

(2) Above, p. 402.

5. Same repository, Suppl. fr., no. 350b. — Volume already described with the condemnation texts, and signalised as having been collated and rendered conformable to the preceding.

The unnumbered leaves which precede the text are charged with notes, of which this one:

There is a like copy of these two trials transcribed in a volume which is in the Saint-Victor library, with this inscription Hic liber est, etc. (1); which abbot lived almost in the same time as the said Maid of Orléans, and had been prior of the priory (of Bussy) dependent on the said abbey, which had given him the more curiosity to recover the copy of the said two trials. The original of that of the revision and of her justification is in a great volume written on parchment, very authentic, at the Trésor des Chartes of France (2) in the Sainte-Chapelle at Paris.

(1) See in the description of the condemnation-trial manuscripts, p. 399, this mark reported at full length.

(2) See above, manuscript 5970, p. 449.

There comes next the notice of Claude du Han, mentioned apropos of manuscript S. F. 350a. All this precedes the copy of the condemnation trial. That of the rehabilitation begins at fol. 177 with the title: Commissio et ordinatio notariorum, etc., and ends at fol. 312, without the registrars’ final attestations, by this addition in the hand of the manuscript’s annotator: In the original signed du Han, which I have, is written what follows: Certiores omnes facimus, etc. (3).

(3) See the continuation above, loc. cit.

6. Same repository, Suppl. latin, no. 952. — Work already described with the condemnation texts. Tome I, which contains the rehabilitation, is like tome II, and furnished, with more reason, with the same half-title.

At fol. 1: Argument of the trial as much of the condemnation as of the justification of Joan called the Maid, and the text: In the time of King Charles the Seventh, etc. It is Claude du Han’s notice, signalised apropos of manuscript Suppl. fr. no. 350a.

Fol. 3 verso: Commissio et ordinatio notariorum ex parte delegatorum episcoporum.

Four hundred and forty-six leaves.

7. Same repository, Brienne collection, no. 181. — Volume on paper, folio, bound like that of the other trial which belongs to the same fund (1); equally signed and initialled by Petau and Pithou, under the same formula.

(1) Notice of the condemnation manuscripts, no. 9, p. 400.

Half-title after 6 blank leaves: Trial of the justification of the innocence of Joan of Arc called the Maid of Orléans, 1456.

And after three other blank leaves, at recto numbered 1: Argument of the trial as much of the condemnation as of the justification of Joan called the Maid. It is Claude du Han’s notice, whose original redaction is in manuscript S. F. 350a: In the year one thousand four hundred and twenty-nine, in the time of King Charles the Seventh, the Maid of Domrémy, etc.

The trial appears copied upon the original contained in no. 5970, but with numerous suppressions: it ends on leaf 381 of the volume.

8. Same repository, Sérilly collection, no. 181. — One vol. folio on paper; marbled calf binding, bands, gilt fillets, Colbert’s arms on the boards.

Textual copy of the preceding Brienne manuscript.

9. Same repository. Saint-Germain-Harlay manuscript, no. 51. — Volume on paper, of like condition to that of the first trial which belongs to the same fund, and which was described with the condemnation texts.

No title. The text begins on the first page: Exigit rationis ordo, etc.

At the end: This is extracted from a manuscript of the library of Saint-Victor, which contains the trial of the Maid of Orléans and her justification, and whose title is: Iste liber est Sancti Victoris Parisiensis quem fecit fieri Fr. Nicasius de Ulmo abbas hujus ecclesiae; and the number is 29.

Formerly marked 335.

10. Library of Geneva, French manuscript 86. — Volume already described with the condemnation texts.

The copy of the rehabilitation begins at leaf 128, Exigit rationis ordo, etc. We have already warned that it was incomplete, and that for the continuation reference was made to the Saint-Victor manuscript. It is in fact interrupted in the fourth chapter of the procedure, towards the end of the ninetieth article of the memoir presented by the petitioners: Unde cum talis non esset qualem cedulla exprimebat, id potuit dicere… [Wherefore, she being not such as the schedule expressed, she might say…]. That does not make the quarter of the instrument.

11. Vatican library, Christine fund, no. 1916. — Volume small folio on paper and parchment intermixed; 266 leaves. Entitled in the catalogue Johannae dictae la Pucelle processus jussu Calixti papae institutus [Trial of Joan, called the Maid, instituted by order of Pope Calixtus].

Authentic copy executed in 1475 by two Parisian church notaries, Jean Cordier and Pierre Mesnart, at the request of illustrious personages who willed that the memory of the Maid’s fair deeds should be perpetuated. The work of transcription was made after an original, signed Comitis and Ferrebouc and furnished with a chain: tokens by which the Notre-Dame manuscript is recognised; the more so as the consultative memoirs were wanting in it, and consequently are wanting in the copy.

Here is the instrument which attests the circumstances in which this manuscript was executed:

In the name of the Lord, amen. Let all and singular who shall inspect, see and hear this present public instrument know that, in the year of the Lord one thousand four hundred and seventy-five, in the eighth indiction, on the fourth day of the month of August, in the fourth year of the pontificate of the most holy father in Christ and our lord, the lord Sixtus, by divine providence pope the fourth, we, the notaries underwritten, by the opinion, counsel and instance of certain illustrious men who most veritably revolved in their minds that, when for the common utility certain things are ordained, it belongs to public honesty and honour to procure their increase, lest their memory perish in damage, but that it be perpetuated: this present book or present volume, bound between two boards, covered with tawny leather, beginning on its first leaf Exigit racionis ordo, and on its last, signed by us notaries, ending die septima mensis julii; containing the business of the trial of the late Joan of Arc of worthy memory, vulgarly named the Maid, made, conducted and completed by the late most reverend and reverend fathers in Christ and lords, the lords Archbishop of Reims, and Bishops of Paris and of Coutances, judges specially deputed by the holy apostolic see, as is there narrated, with the clause: In so far as ye, or two, or one of you, etc. against the late reverend father in Christ and lord, the lord Bishop of Beauvais, and the sub-inquisitor of heretical pravity constituted in the diocese of Beauvais, and the promoter of the criminal affairs of the court of Beauvais, and all others having interest in this part or then to have it; with a certain other volume or book bound likewise between two boards, covered with white leather, from one of whose boards hung a certain little chain: which indeed book or volume contained the business of the trial of the said Joan the Maid of worthy memory, conducted and defined before the same judges; and which was signed by the provident and discreet men masters François Ferrebouc, licentiate, and Denis Comitis, bachelor in decrees, public notaries by apostolic and imperial authority, who were said to have been present as notaries and registrars in this business of the trial, on every leaf of it with their manual signs — word for word, in many and divers sittings we read, read over, and finally on the day aforesaid, finishing the work, collated; and so all and singular the things contained and written in this present book or volume we have found and ascertained to agree mutually and together with all and singular the things contained and written in the said book or volume signed with the manual signs of the aforesaid Ferrebouc and Comitis. In approbation whereof, and lest aught be added or diminished in the same, whence change of the sentence might be had, we signed the same book, so collated by us, on every leaf of it with our manual signs, together with the appending of our subscriptions and of our public signs, that faith and assertion of truth be given. Of all and singular which premises, a public instrument or public instruments were asked of us, the notaries underwritten. These things were done at Paris, in the rue des Noyers; by us, the notaries underwritten, in the year, indiction, month, day and pontificate aforesaid.

And because I, Jean Cordier, Parisian clerk, master of arts, sworn public notary by apostolic and imperial authority and of the venerable courts of conservation of the apostolic privileges of the University and episcopal court of Paris, have duly collated this present book or present volume, together with the notary underwritten, with another authentic volume signed with the manual signs of two public notaries, more amply described in the aforesaid instrument, word for word, and found them mutually to agree: therefore each leaf, with the underwritten notary, I signed with my manual sign, and for the greater strength of truth, I set my public and accustomed sign, subscribing myself here with my own hand, together with the above-said underwritten notary, on this present public instrument faithfully written by the other’s hand, required and requested.

Signed, J. CORDIER.

And I, Pierre Mesnart, clerk born at Paris, bachelor in canon law, public notary by apostolic and imperial authority; because I duly collated this present book or present volume, together with the notary above-written, with another authentic volume signed with the manual signs of two public notaries, more amply specified in the above-written instrument, word for word, and found them mutually to agree: therefore each leaf, with the aforesaid notary, I signed with my manual sign, and for the greater strength of truth, on this present public instrument faithfully written with my own hand, I set my public and accustomed sign, together with the above-written notary, subscribing myself here with the same hand, required and requested.

Signed, P. MESNART.

The document just read occupies leaves 222 and 223 of the manuscript. From fol. 224 to 266 is the copy of the memoir of Élie de Bourdeille, Bishop of Périgueux, to prove the falsity of the accusations brought against Joan.

12. Library of Bennet’s College at Cambridge. — Lenglet-Dufresnoy signalised the existence in this library of a copy entitled processus pro Johanna dicta la Puzil, which makes the pendant of a manuscript of the condemnation.

See the preliminary notice of the first trial, no. 22.

13. Manuscripts cited by divers authors. — Edmond Richer, in the advertisement to the reader of his unpublished history of Joan of Arc, says he consulted, besides the Notre-Dame manuscript, another original belonging to M. Du Lys, advocate-general in the Cour des Aides. It was signed, he adds, Franciscus Ferrebouc, Dionysius Comitis, and contained, for justificative memoirs, only the following: that of Gerson; that of Élie de Bourdeille; a treatise subscribed M. E. N.; the recapitulation of Jean Bréhal; the opinion of Robert Ciboule, and finally that of Guillaume Bouillé.

Richer must well be believed when he calls his manuscript original, and then this text would be the third issued from the registry, after what the notaries testify in their preface. But how does it happen that our author found therein only six memoirs instead of nine, when it is certain that the third manuscript of the rehabilitation was the most complete of all? How does it happen again that Richer seems to have had no knowledge of the interrogatories in French, when the same manuscript must have contained them, all the pieces of production having been inserted in it?

Too many elements are wanting to us to discuss thereupon. Either Richer explained himself ill, or M. Du Lys’s manuscript was no longer a complete text. All that we can say is that after Richer, as before him, the trace of the third authentic copy of the rehabilitation escapes us entirely.

To complete this review, it must be said that, to M. de l’Averdy’s knowledge, two private libraries, that of M. de Saint-Genis and that of M. de Flandres de Brunville, contained in 1789 each a modern copy of the rehabilitation. The latter adhered to a text of the first trial.

6. Of the consultations inserted in the trial #

According to the procedure in matters of faith, the cause, brought to a certain point, had to be submitted to the greatest possible number of canonists and renowned theologians, to have their opinion as much on the substance as on the form. They gave it by word of mouth or in writing, at the judges’ discretion, and it was recorded in the trial. Pierre Cauchon on this point followed rigorously the prescriptions of the law; the delegates of the holy see appointed to the rehabilitation showed themselves less severe formalists. First, they made no use of the power which authorised them to exact written answers, which caused almost all the persons consulted to prefer to opine by word of mouth. To uphold the so solemn judgment they were about to render, they received only four drawn-up memoirs. Next, instead of entering in the trial the oral opinions as they had been collected by the registrars or their substitutes (for the registrars declare they did not assist at that operation) (1), the tribunal decreed that they should be fused together by the inquisitor, so as to form of them a methodical recapitulation in which the consultants’ authority would disappear under that of the judge co-ordinating their answers. Thence issued a considerable work which took place in the eighth chapter of the definitive redaction (2). It is entitled Recollectio fratris Johannis Brehalli [Recollection of brother Jean Bréhal].

(1) Vol. II, p. 332.

(2) Vol. III, p. 334.

Most naturally, the four drawn-up memoirs entered the same division of the trial. There was put besides the transcription of several other memoirs which were indeed doctors’ consultations on Joan of Arc’s affair, but which had for the most part been ordered by the king, and whose composition had preceded the trial by several years. Doubtless the tribunal judged that in accepting these writings, they would be worth as much for the cause as if they had been drawn up by its order; and doubtless also this manner of seeing is what rendered it more easy-going on the formality of the consultations.

The memoirs as well accepted as ordered, which took place in the instrument of the trial, are eight in number. Their authors are Jean Gerson; Élie de Bourdeille, Bishop of Périgueux; Thomas Basin, Bishop of Lisieux; Martin Berruyer, Bishop of Le Mans; Jean Bochard, Bishop of Avranches; Jean de Montigny, canon of Paris and counsellor in Parliament; Guillaume Bouillé, dean of the chapter of Noyon; finally Robert Ciboule, chancellor of the University of Paris.

That of Gerson is the last work that issued from the pen of that great man. It was composed at Lyon, a few days after the deliverance of Orléans, in 1429. The others which are anterior to the cause date from the year 1452, when the Church began to take a side in Joan’s affair. The moment when they were welcomed by the tribunal is not specified in the definitive redaction; but the d’Urfé manuscript teaches us that Guillaume Bouillé’s memoir was delivered by Isabelle d’Arc the day she came to demand justice at the audience of the Bishop of Paris (1). According to the same text, Gerson’s opuscule was deposited at the audience of 5 June 1456 (2).

(1) Vol. III, p. 372.

(2) Above, p. 443.

By the marginal note which accompanies the preface of the Notre-Dame manuscript (3), the registrars warn that they have put the totality of these memoirs only in the two great expeditions of the trial, in duobus magnis processibus. Gerson’s work alone, with the procès-verbal of the operations made upon the opinions stated, fills the eighth chapter of the Notre-Dame manuscript. Manuscript 5970, which is one of the two great trials, contains in effect the eight memoirs and Jean Bréhal’s recollection. Only five of them remain in the d’Urfé manuscript, which are those of Bouillé, Gerson, Élie de Bourdeille, Thomas Basin and Martin Berruyer. Finally the manuscript pretended original by Edmond Richer (4) contained six, under the names of Gerson, Élie de Bourdeille, Jean Bréhal, Robert Ciboule, Guillaume Bouillé, and an unknown, whose subscription in ciphers was composed of an M, an E and an N. I suppose that this unknown is Martin Berruyer, and that the three initials of his subscription were not M. E. N. but M. E. C.: Martinus episcopus Cenomannensis [Martin, Bishop of Le Mans].

(3) Above, p. 450.

(4) Above, p. 460.

It remains to make some critical remarks on each of the memoirs in particular.

1° Gerson’s opuscule has long been known, and figures as much in the collection of his works published by du Pin (1) as in Melchior Goldast’s collection entitled Sibylla Francica (2). I know a fifteenth-century transcription of it in Saint-Victor manuscript no. 732 (fol. 201), at the Bibliothèque nationale. It bears the title: Super facto Puellae et credulitate sibi praestanda [On the Maid’s affair and the credence to be given her]. The date and the author’s name are at the end: Lugduni, millesimo cccc. vicesimo nono, die xiiij. maii in vigilia penthecostes, post signum habitum Aurelianis in depulsione obsidionis anglicanae. Actum autem est a famosissimo et solennissimo sacrae theologiae professore magistro Joh. Jarson, cancellario parisiensi [At Lyon, 1429, on the 14th day of May, in the vigil of Pentecost, after the sign had at Orléans in the repulse of the English siege. Done moreover by the most famous and most solemn professor of sacred theology, master Jean Jarson, chancellor of Paris]. The Saint-Victor manuscript is a collection of several treatises of Gerson. The memoir on the Maid must be found in a quantity of analogous collections of the same epoch.

(1) Vol. IV, p. 864.

(2) 4to, 1606.

2° Élie de Bourdeille’s memoir exists apart in an Arsenal manuscript (fonds latin, Histoire, no. 88), which belonged to the Celestines of Paris. It is a very fine fifteenth-century text. It bears this title: Justificatio Puellae Franciae quae a rege caelorum sempiterno arbitratur Karolo regi Francorum directa ad ipsius consolationem et gubernationem; sed olim per gentem Anglorum capta dignoscitur et morti tradita [Justification of the Maid of France, who is adjudged to have been directed by the everlasting King of heaven to Charles, king of the Franks, for his consolation and government; but who once is known to have been taken by the English nation and delivered to death].

The rehabilitation-trial manuscript which is at Rome (3) contains another transcription of the same work, a transcription relegated after the trial and outside the formulas which warrant its authenticity.

(3) Above, no. 11.

The author in his exordium says he was engaged by the king’s letters patent to give his opinion, and that he had for forming it only the Summary of the trial and the Instrument of the sentence, of which copy had been sent him (1).

(1) Vol. III of this edition, p. 307.

3° Thomas Basin, in his history of the reign of Charles VII, says, speaking of the Maid’s trial: This trial might be argued faulty on many heads, as may appear more amply from the little book which we published thereon, at the request of the same Charles asking counsel of us, if he into whose hands it comes shall have leisure to read it (2). As until these latter times the Histoire de Charles VII by Thomas Basin passed for being by Amelgard, Amelgard was put in the number of the doctors consulted on the Maid’s affair, and all the libraries of Europe were ransacked to find his memoir (3). This search had no chance of bearing fruit. The work announced by the Histoire de Charles VII was none other than the piece inserted in the trial under the name of Thomas, Bishop of Lisieux.

(2) Vol. IV, p. 355 of this edition.

(3) De l’Averdy, Notice des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 516.

Edmond Richer declares he had a separate copy of it (4). Perhaps it is the same that is today at the Vatican library under no. 1832 (5).

(4) Unpublished Hist. of Joan of Arc, Bibl. Nat., ms. Fontanieu, p. 285.

(5) Indicated in the Bibliothèque historique de la France, vol. II, no. 17211.

Thomas Basin says in his epilogue that he took cognisance of the Maid’s affair after a register despatched to his address by Guillaume Bouillé, and which contained, besides the copy of the twelve articles and that of the abjuration, Paul Pontanus’s memoir to consult (6).

(6) Vol. III of this edition, p. 313.

4° Martin Berruyer’s opinion bears the date of 7 April 1456. It was therefore given at the request of the rehabilitation judges. It is seen by the citations the author makes that he had in his hands not only the instrument of the condemnation trial but also the Cardinal d’Estouteville’s inquiries.

M. de l’Averdy read Martin Berruyer’s name as Martin de Beuzines or de Wesines (1), though Lenglet Dufresnoy had given before him the true reading of this name (2).

(1) Notices et extraits des Manuscrits, vol. III, p. 519.

(2) Histoire de Jeanne Darc, part II, p. 190.

5° The Bishop of Avranches’s memoir is but a very succinct opinion given at the tribunal’s request during a short stay that prelate made at Paris in 1456 (3). He declares he read, to form his opinion, only the summary of the trial, which he attributes to Paul Pontanus, when it is proved that this summary is by Theodore de Leliis (4).

(3) Vol. III of this edition, p. 317.

(4) See above the notice of this summary, p. 426.

6° There is only one text of Jean de Montigny’s memoir; it is that of manuscript 5970, where the author’s name happens to have been cropped at the binding, so that there remains only the first syllable: Opinio domini Johannis de mo… decretorum doctoris [Opinion of the lord Jean de Mo…, doctor of decrees]. Among the celebrated men of the time, Jean de Montigny is the only one I have found answering the conditions of this mutilated title. He belonged at once to the University of Paris, to the church of Paris and to Parliament. His work is addressed to the rehabilitation judges.

7° Guillaume Bouillé’s memoir escaped M. de l’Averdy though it was at once in the d’Urfé manuscript and in no. 5970 of the Bibliothèque nationale. The protocol originally explained that it had been written in honour of God and of the king of France (1). The homage to the king was effaced in the definitive redaction.

(1) Vol. III, p. 382.

The work is rather of theology than of law; it has also a political side, in that the author applies himself to demonstrating on every occasion that the king was altogether resolved to provoke the revision of the Rouen trial. It seems to result thence that Bouillé’s memoir preceded all the others, even those of the Roman jurisconsults.

8° Robert Ciboule’s consultation is dated from the month of January 1452 (old style). This date may agree with the title, where it is said of the author: who both before this trial was begun and also after its beginning, the delegates requiring his counsel, etc., wrote upon the affair of the said trial. Robert Ciboule, consulted by the rehabilitation judges, would have sent them, after correction, a memoir which he had written in 1453.

Étienne Pasquier attributes the date of 1456 to a separate manuscript of the same work which he had seen in the hands of Feron, that great searcher of armories, and whence he could extract an analysis of the arguments raised by Robert Ciboule against Joan of Arc’s judges (2).

(2) Recherches sur la France, book VI, ch. 5.

7. Of the edition of the trial #

For two hundred and fifty years that the rehabilitation manuscripts have not ceased to be consulted, they have not failed to furnish pieces to our divers historical collections. Godefroy reports the final sentence, after the Trésor des Chartes manuscript, at the end of his Histoire de Charles VII (1). In 1753 Lenglet Dufresnoy published in the Histoire de Jeanne Darc the act of guarantee given by the English government to the Maid’s judges, as well as Jean d’Aulon’s deposition (2). The same erudite drew up moreover, for the public’s convenience, the table of the other pieces and depositions contained in the trial. Finally he proposed to bring into a second edition of his book (3), the Cardinal d’Estouteville’s informations; three of the depositions collected at Domrémy; thirteen of those received at Orléans; that of Thibaud d’Armagnac, collected at Paris; eight of those given by the Rouen witnesses; finally the memoirs of Thomas Basin, of Martin Berruyer and of the Bishop of Avranches.

(1) Page 903.

(2) Second part, pp. 57 and 104.

(3) See above, p. 390.

This edition, as I have said, was not made, and it fell to M. de l’Averdy to give the public the most complete knowledge yet possessed of the rehabilitation, as much by a long and conscientious analysis of the trial, as by the numerous extracts he drew from the witnesses’ depositions. These extracts fill no less than fifty 4to pages in small text; but they have the inconvenience of having been reduced to a systematic order.

Such are the essays which preceded the present edition. It remains for me to indicate in what principles I conceived it.

I have endeavoured to render it conformable as far as possible to the impression of the first trial. The text has been divided into paragraphs; the French distinguished from the Latin by the use of a smaller type; the intitules detached by the same means from the pieces to which they relate; finally, for the notable points of the procedure which nothing brought out, I have intercalated titles of my own, which I have put in brackets, to show that they do not exist in the manuscripts.

The text which I have followed by preference is that of manuscript 5970. I have sometimes corrected it by the Notre-Dame manuscript, but never without warning the reader. I have most often limited myself to mentioning as mere variants the readings of that second manuscript. For several procès-verbaux of chapters VI and VII, where the two manuscripts no longer agree, I thought I ought to give side by side the text of the one and of the other, using the same disposition which permitted me, in my first volume, to set side by side the definitive redaction and the minute.

The wish of the Society of the History of France was to publish the rehabilitation trial integrally. Without causing it to fail of the aim it would reach, I believed I could advise it a notable reduction on chapter VII, with regard to the consultative memoirs as well as Jean Bréhal’s recollection. These works indeed have nothing historical. Nothing is discussed in them but Joan’s orthodoxy or the legality of her condemnation, after the circumstances entered in the trial. Works of jurisprudence or of theology, these memoirs would have swelled to no purpose by a volume the present edition; joined to this, that they are so ill digested most of them, that Edmond Richer, theologian though he was, had himself pronounced their exclusion when he projected the trial’s publication: and there would be no need, says he, to have them printed, for that they are too little elaborated and polished, and tumultuously written, even in a century in which barbarity triumphed (1). I have therefore limited myself to publishing short extracts of them where I saw for history the possibility of turning them to account, not as to the Maid’s affair, on which they teach nothing new, but relatively to the composition of these writings themselves. The prologues where the authors declare the motives which set them to work, the exordiums where they establish the division of their discourse, the conclusions where they sum up their thought and often enumerate the documents of which they made use: such are the parts where I have exclusively taken my extracts. As Jean Bréhal’s recollection offered, contrary to the other memoirs, a chapter where the discussion rests on facts drawn outside the trial, that chapter has been printed integrally. It concerns the old prophecies which announced Joan, or at least which had been applied to her coming (2).

(1) Manuscript Fontanieu, p. 285 at the Bibl. Nat.

(2) See vol. II, p. 337.

As for the d’Urfé manuscript, which offers in its old part a redaction so different from that of the authentic copies, to bring out the better the capital points by which it departs from those copies, I thought I ought to give of it separately a specimen and an analysis. Both will be found at the end of the instrument of the trial (3). For specimen, I reproduced the text of the two first sessions; and the analysis could be made without the longueurs of the discourse, as much by means of the rubrics furnished by the manuscript itself, as by designating the untitled parts by the titles applied to the corresponding parts of the definitive redaction. Of course the statement drawn up on this system was so, abstraction made of the manuscript’s modern interpolations. I have also replaced in the order befitting them the displaced leaves, so that the series of the titles reported represents the chronological deduction of the procedure. I interrupted it at 5 June to insert, under the rubric which announces it, the instrument of the sentence. It is a piece whose value was signalised in the preliminary notice of the condemnation trial (4). Its absence from manuscript 5970 is the cause for which I relegated it to that place, in spite of its importance.

(3) Vol. III, p. 367.

(4) Above, p. 410.

Chapter III. Extrajudicial Opinions and Memoirs Published in Joan’s Lifetime #

I have gathered in this division, which occupies the end of the third volume, all the memoirs of the Maid’s contemporaries which were not, like Gerson’s, honoured by being accepted among the rehabilitation’s consultants.

I. Summary of the conclusions given by the doctors assembled at Poitiers #

The Maid, during her trial, invoked several times, against her judges, the book of Poitiers (1). She meant thereby the procès-verbal of the examination she had undergone in that town in presence of an ecclesiastical commission named by the King. The known members of that commission are: Regnauld de Chartres, Archbishop of Reims and chancellor of France, president; Pierre de Versailles, then abbot of Talmont; Pierre Turelure, inquisitor of Toulouse; Jean Lombard, professor at Paris; Guillaume Aimeri and Séguin Seguini, Dominicans; Jean Erault, professor of theology; Guillaume Lemaire, canon of Poitiers, Mathieu Mesnaige and Jourdain Morin (2).

(1) Vol. I, pp. 39, 70, 71.

(2) Vol. III, pp. 19, 74, 102, 203.

The examination lasted three weeks; it therefore gave rise to considerable writings. The end pursued in making it warrants well enough the care that must have been brought to the keeping of those writings. Nevertheless, at the moment of the rehabilitation, that piece, so capital for Joan’s memory, was not produced. The judges were obliged to put in their sentence that they had known the examination made at Poitiers only by witnesses’ report (3). Moreover they had the deposition of only one of the examiners named above, Séguin Seguini, when it is certain that more than one of them still lived. Pierre Turelure, for example, died only in 1466 (4), and yet did not depose. That is why posterity will regret for ever the procès-verbaux of Poitiers, the fairest document, I doubt it not, that it could have possessed on Joan of Arc, since that immortal girl showed herself there in all the freshness of her inspiration: full of gaiety, of vigour, of irresistible impulse, and answering without constraint judges of good faith whom she was sure to subjugate.

(3) Having regard to the witnesses’ depositions on her examination made at Poitiers and elsewhere, in presence of very many prelates, doctors and experts, in presence of R. P. Reginald, formerly Archbishop of Reims, etc. Vol. III, p. 357.

(4) Our vol. III, p. 208.

The commission having sufficiently enlightened itself, sent to the king’s council its conclusions, of which a summary — which is the piece in question in this article — appears to have been spread by Charles VII’s government in a great number of copies. I conjecture that because the German chronicler Eberhard de Vindeck, who drew from the Emperor Sigismund’s correspondence the matter of a curious chapter on the Maid, is found to have had at his disposal the same summary, which he made to enter his narrative (1). Our French text has nevertheless nothing official. It exists, with other fragments on the Maid, in French manuscript 7301 of the Bibliothèque nationale, following a prose history of the Passion of Jesus Christ. A Breton clerk named A. de Kaerrymell, who signed the writings of the Passion, appears to be also the author of the extracts on Joan; and, a more important circumstance, appears to have been contemporary.

(1) See our vol. IV, p. 487.

M. Buchon published twice the summary of the Poitiers deliberations, first in his Collection des Chroniques nationales (2), and then in the Panthéon littéraire. The text I give has been reviewed on the manuscript.

(2) Vol. IX of Monstrelet.

II. Treatise of Jacques Gélu, Archbishop of Embrun #

This work was written after the raising of the siege of Orléans, to strengthen the king in the favourable opinion that the greatest number of French theologians thought he ought to have of the Maid. Its text is unedited; but it has long been signalised and even analysed (3). Lenglet Dufresnoy proposed to print it in the second edition, which he did not make, of his Histoire de Jeanne Darc (4). The manuscript whereof I took cognisance is at the Bibliothèque nationale (latin, Cangé, no. 6199). It is a small volume on parchment, of 4to format, whose first letter is ornamented with the painting of an escutcheon of France: a probable indication that this copy is the one which was presented to the king. Nevertheless it swarms with faults.

(3) Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de Jeanne Darc, vol. I, p. 34.

(4) See above, pp. 390 and 468.

The work, at its appearing, had been judged worthy of being confirmed at the Chamber of Accounts of Grenoble. It was transcribed on that court’s register, entitled: Processus super insultu et guerra Anthonii de anno mcccc xxx [Trial on the assault and war of Antoine, of the year 1430]. M. de Boissieu, first president of the said chamber, had a copy of it despatched to MM. du Puy, which is still found today in volume 639 of the Du Puy Collection at the Bibliothèque nationale. It is entitled: Epistola directa serenissimo regi Francorum, compilata per reverendissimum in Christo dominum Jacobum Gelu, archiepiscopum Ebredunensem, super adventu Johannae Domini N. J. C. ancillae prefato regi ab alto directae [Letter addressed to the most serene king of the Franks, compiled by the most reverend lord in Christ Jacques Gélu, Archbishop of Embrun, on the coming of Joan, handmaid of Our Lord Jesus Christ, directed from on high to the aforesaid king].

Jacques Gélu’s treatise is a hotchpotch of little instruction. I reduced it much, pruning the longueurs of the discussion on points of dogma. The reader may be assured that these suppressions bear on no passage of any historical value. Where there was a single word to gather for the historian, rather than lose it I chose rather to reproduce whole periods of manifest uselessness and fatiguing obscurity.

III. Propositions of master Henri de Gorcum for and against the Maid #

The beginning of this opuscule is that of a writing composed while Joan was at the apogee of her glory. It received from copyists the following title: Opus collativum de quadam Puella quae olim in Francia equitavit [Comparative work on a certain Maid who once rode in France]. The first editor of Gerson’s works, having found it in a manuscript, without author’s name and following the memoir written at Lyon in 1429 (1), printed it under Gerson’s name. Ellies du Pin restored to Henri de Gorcum the property of this work, though he too had found it anonymous in a Saint-Victor manuscript (2); but Melchior Goldast, in his collection De Sibylla francica, published in 1606, had given a text at the head of which the true author is named: Henrici de Gorkeim propositionum de Puella militari in Francia libri duo [Two books of propositions by Henri de Gorcum on the warrior Maid in France]. It is to be remarked that the most complete editions of Fabricius’s Bibliotheca do not mention this work of Henri de Gorcum.

(1) Above, p. 464.

(2) Opera Gersonii, vol. IV, col. 859.

Not having been able to recover the Saint-Victor manuscript cited by du Pin, I had to content myself with the editions to reprint this opuscule.

IV. Sibylla francica [The French Sibyl] #

Melchior Goldast published this work at the head of the collection cited in the preceding article. He set it under a title containing all he knew of the author and the provenance: Laudayani cujusdam anonymi clerici, de Sibylla francica rotuli duo, quos Goldasto communicavit R. P. Johannes Myntzenbergius, prior monasterii Carmelitarum apud Francofurdianos [Two rolls on the French Sibyl by a certain anonymous clerk of Lauda, communicated to Goldast by R. P. Johannes Myntzenberg, prior of the Carmelite monastery at Frankfurt]. His edition is very faulty. A manuscript text, no less corrupt, exists among Christine’s manuscripts at the Vatican (no. 507). The latter is distributed no longer in two parts, but in four. It has neither title nor author’s name; but it is entered in the catalogue under this indication: De Puella Aurelianensi seu Sibylla Gallica disputatio duplex, una cum votis theologorum [Double disputation on the Maid of Orléans or the Gallic Sibyl, together with the opinions of theologians]. The manuscript Supplément latin no. 1033 of our Bibliothèque nationale contains a copy executed in 1787 of the Vatican text.

The two parts of the Sibylla francica (for there are but two) were written at a little interval one from the other, and the second bears the date of 27 September 1429. The facts alleged in the first are put under the warrant of a knight who had fought in France at the siege of a town whose name was left blank in the manuscripts (1). The author further cites the testimony of a French religious of the order of Prémontré, with whom he had conversed at Laudaya (2). This circumstance is what led Goldast to call the author of the Sibylla francica anonymus Laudayanus [the anonymous of Lauda].

(1) Vol. II, p. 422.

(2) Lauda or Landau? See vol. III, p. 433.

The second dissertation (secundus rotulus) is the result of a conference which the anonymous had, in a castle he does not name, with a doctor of law who was returning from England (3). As that doctor had given reasons against the Maid, our writer endeavours to refute him. He dedicates his work to Pierre de Grumbach, cantor of Saint-Germain of Speyer and vicar-general of the diocese, who had likewise received the homage of the first dissertation.

(3) Vol. III, p. 439.

Though the two books of the Sibylla francica are full of divagations and of an extreme obscurity, on account of the bad state of the texts, I reproduced them entire, as a curious monument of the opinion that could be formed of our Joan abroad. For the German ecclesiastic, she was a sibyl, a sibyl accepted of God, like her predecessors of antiquity. So he inquires much less of her exploits than of her predictions, or of the manner in which she looked at the sky during the night.

Table of the Pieces Contained in this Volume #

Testimonies of the Fifteenth-Century Poets #

• Christine de Pisan — 1
• Antoine Astesan — 22
• Anonymous author of a Latin poem on the Maid’s coming and on the deliverance of Orléans — 24
• Martin Le Franc — 44
• Martial d’Auvergne — 54
• The mystery of the siege of Orléans — 79
• Valeran Varanius — 87
• Georges Chastellain — 90
• François Villon — Ibid.
• Octavien de Saint-Gelais — 91

Letters, Acts and Other Detached Pieces #

• The Maid’s letter to the English — 95
• Fragment of a letter written on the back of the preceding — 98
• Letter of Charles VII to the inhabitants of Narbonne — 100
• Collect introduced into the office on the Maid’s occasion — 104
• Letter of the young lords of Laval to the ladies of Laval — 105
• Furnishing of a garment made for the Maid, at the Duke of Orléans’s expense — 112
• Letter of Perceval de Boulainvilliers to the Duke of Milan — 114
• Fragment of a letter on prodiges come to pass in Poitou — 124
• The Maid’s letter to the inhabitants of Tournai — 125
• The Maid’s letter to the Duke of Burgundy — 126
• Letter of three Angevin gentlemen to the wife and the mother-in-law of the sire de Bueil — 127
• Letter of Alain Chartier to a foreign prince — 131
• Fragment of a letter of the Duke of Bedford — 136
• Exemption from taxes granted to the inhabitants of Greux and Domrémy — 139
• Deliberation of the council of the town of Reims — 141
• Public outrage done to the magistracy of Abbeville on the Maid’s account — 143
• Communication of the king and of the Maid to the inhabitants of Troyes — 145
• Note of divers provisions of war furnished by the town of Clermont-Ferrand at the Maid’s request — 146
• The Maid’s letter to the inhabitants of Riom — 150
• Letter of the sire d’Albret to the same — 151
• Ennoblement of Joan of Arc and of her family — 153
• Deliberation of the town council of Tours on a request of the Maid — 163
• The Maid’s letter to the Hussites of Bohemia — 164
• The Maid’s letter to the inhabitants of Reims — 168
• Letter of the same to the same — 170
• Edict against the English captains and soldiers who refused to pass into France for fear of the Maid — 173
• Mass sung for Charles VII and for the Maid — 175
• The Maid’s stay in the parish of Élincourt — 177
• Letter of the Duke of Burgundy to the inhabitants of Saint-Quentin on the taking of the Maid — 180
• Analysis of a letter of the chancellor of France to the inhabitants of Reims on the same subject — 181
• Information on the Shepherd whereby men would have replaced the Maid — 183
• Distribution of a tenth of the tax voted by the estates of Normandy for the purchase of the Maid — 184
• Purchase of gold coin to pay the price of the Maid — 189
• Edict against the English subjects who deserted for fear of the Maid — 191
• Indemnity to Pierre Cauchon for the negotiations which preceded the purchase of the Maid — 194
• Tower named after the Maid at Poitiers — 195
• Payment made to the doctors called from Paris to attend the trial — 196
• Gratification granted to Jean Beaupère over and above his days’ wages — 200
• Second payment to the doctors of Paris — 201
• Deliberations of the chapter of Rouen on the Maid’s trial — 202
• Gratification to the inquisitor Jean Lemaire — Ibid.
• Indemnity to the doctors sent to Paris to submit the trial to the Faculties — 203
• Payment to Guillaume Erard for his participation in the trial — 205
• Definitive settlement of account with the doctors of Paris — 207
• Tumult at Serqueux in Champagne for the payment of a debt contracted by the Maid’s brother — 209
• Donation of the Île-aux-Bœufs to Pierre du Lys — 211
• Alms of the Duke of Orléans to one of the Maid’s brothers — 214
• Works for the rehabilitation while the Cardinal d’Estouteville was informing — 216
• Notice on the memoir of Pierre l’Hermite, sub-dean of Saint-Martin of Tours — Ibid.
• Co-operation of the chapter of Rouen in the rehabilitation — 218
• Bequest of a copy of the rehabilitation trial to the church of Paris — Ibid.
• Confirmation of the privilege of nobility granted to the descendants of the d’Arc family — 219
• Bargain for the restoration of the Maid’s monument at Orléans — 224
• Permission to the cadet branch of the du Lys family to take the Maid’s armories — 233
• Reduction of the privilege of nobility for the descendants of the family of Le Bret — Ibid.
• Donation of Joan of Arc’s hat to the Oratorians of Orléans — 234
• Inscriptions of the fountain raised at Rouen — 235
• Inscriptions of the Maid’s monument at Orléans, at its second restoration — 238
• Destruction of the Maid’s monument at Orléans — 239
• Approbation of Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul, to the project of raising a new monument to Joan of Arc — 243
• Acquisition of Joan of Arc’s house by the department of the Vosges — 244
• Pieces signalised by divers modern authors, which could not be recovered — 245

Testimonies Extracted from the Account Books #

• The Maid’s arrival in France — 257
• Equipment of the Maid — Ibid.
• The Maid’s first stay at Orléans — 259
• Deliverance of Orléans — 260
• Expedition of Jargeau — 261
• Battle of Patay — 263
• Taking of Beaugency — Ibid.
• Embassy of the Duke of Brittany to the Maid — 264
• Journey and stay at Reims — Ibid.
• The return — 266
• The Maid’s portrait shown in Germany — 270
• The Maid at Orléans in January 1430 — Ibid.
• Liberality made to the Maid’s painter — 271
• Trial of condemnation — Ibid.
• Canons of Rouen incarcerated on the Maid’s account — 272
• Anniversary of Joan’s death, at Orléans — 274
• Reception of the Maid’s eldest brother, at Orléans, in 1436 — 275
• Liberalities of the town of Orléans towards Isabelle d’Arc — Ibid.
• Beginning of the procedure for the rehabilitation — 276
• The rehabilitation sentence executed at Orléans — Ibid.
• Present for the marriage of a nephew of the Maid, at Orléans — 278
• Liberalities of Charles VII, of Duke Charles of Orléans and of Louis XI towards the du Lys family — 279

Documents Relating to the 8 May Festival #

• Chronicle of the establishment of the festival — 285
• Indulgences granted by the Cardinal d’Estouteville for the celebration of the festival — 299
• Other indulgences granted by Thibaud d’Aussigny — 302
• Others granted by François de Brillac — 304
• Others granted by the Cardinal Rolin — 306
• Costs for the celebration of the festival in the fifteenth century — 308
• Verses composed for the festival — 313
• Complementary indications — 316

Documents on the False Joan of Arc #

• Extract from the Chronicle of Metz — 321
• Another redaction of the same piece — 323
• Extract from the Formicarium of Jean Nider — 324
• Extract from the accounts of the town of Orléans for 1436 — 326
• Extract from the contract of sale of a quarter of the seigniory of Haraucourt — 328
• Extract from the Chronicle of Álvaro de Luna — 329
• Extract from the accounts of the town of Orléans for 1439 — 331
• Extract from the accounts of the town of Tours — 332
• Testimony of Pierre Sala — Ibid.
• Extract from a remission of the Trésor des Chartes — 333
• Extract from the Journal de Paris — 334
• Extract from the book of famous women, by Antoine Dufour — 336

Supplement to the Pieces and Extracts Concerning the Maid #

• Fragment of the Religious of Dunfermline — 339
• Ennoblement of Guillaume Cailly, companion of the Maid — 342
• Letter written in 1429 by the agents of a town or of a prince of Germany — 347
• Letter of Jean Desch, secretary of the town of Metz — 352
• Contribution of the town of Bourges for the siege of La Charité — 356
• The taking of Joan announced to the Duke of Brittany — 358
• The Maid’s stay at the castle of Drugy — Ibid.
• Itinerary followed by the Maid from Drugy to Rouen — 360
• Ennoblement of Jean de Novelonpont, companion of the Maid — 363
• Letter of the Cardinal d’Estouteville to Charles VII — 366
• Inscription of the Maid’s monument restored by the Orléanais in 1571 — 367
• Continuation of the Memoir to consult on Guillaume de Flavy — 368
• Spanish chronicle of the Maid — 374
• Itinerary of the Maid — 377

Literary Notice of the Condemnation Trial #

• Of the first writings of the registry — 385
• Of the instrument of the trial — 387
• Of the edition of the trial — 389
• Description of the manuscripts of the trial — 392
• Of the instrument of the sentence — 410
• Of the abridgement or summary of the trial — Ibid.
• Of an old translation of the trial — 414

Notice of the Rehabilitation Pieces #

• Of the preliminary information on the iniquity of the first trial — 419
• Of the consultation of Theodore de Leliis — 423
• Of the allegations of Paul Pontanus — 427
• Of the consultation of the same — 428
• Of the summary of Jean Bréhal — 429
• Of the letter of Jean Bréhal to the prior of the Dominicans of Vienna — 431
• Of the consultation of Pierre l’Hermite — 432
• Of the first writings of the rehabilitation trial — Ibid.
• Of two modes of redaction applied to the instrument of the trial — 434
• Of the faulty redaction of the definitive instrument — 436
• Description of the unique manuscript of the first redaction — 438
• Description of the manuscripts of the definitive redaction — 447
• Of the consultations inserted in the trial — 461
• Of the edition of the trial — 467
• Of the summary of the conclusions given at Poitiers — 471
• Of the treatise of Jacques Gélu — 473
• Of the propositions of Henri de Gorcum — 474
• Of the treatise De Sibylla francica — 475

The End

Analytical Table of the Contents Contained in the Five Volumes #

• ABBEVILLE, disposed to submit to the French, IV, 391. Words spoken against the magistracy of —, V, 143. Joan visited by the bourgeoises of —, V, 359.
• ABISSOR (Richard), subscribes the condemnation of Joan by the University of Paris, I, 424.
• ABJURATION. Text of Joan’s —, I, 447; different from the formula which she pronounced, III, 132, 156, 197. Account of the scene of —, II, 17, 334, 338; III, 52, 58, 61, 64, 113, 122, 146, 156, 164, 187, 194, 197, 273; IV, 468, 471, 472. Joan revokes her —, I, 436; III, 149, 157.
• ACCUSATION. The Maid’s being placed under —, I, 32. Act of — drawn up against her, I, 202 et seq.
• ADÈLE (Guillaume) assists at the condemnation trial, I, 375. Exhorts Joan to submit, I, 380.
• ADRÉSIN. See Alespée.
• AGNÈS, godmother of Joan, I, 46.
• SAINT AEWIS appears to Joan, IV, 268, 270.
• AIDES (cour des) [Court of Aids]. Registers of the —, V, 232. Advocate-general at the —, V, 226.
• SAINT AIGNAN, patron of Orléans, IV, 102, 104, 163; V, 300, 302, 314. His shrine, V, 297, 309, 311. His church at Orléans, III, 32, 33; IV, 102, 142, 144; V, 296, 298, 303, 305, 308, 342.
• SAINT-AIGNAN, town in Berry; Charles VII at —, V, 106, 107.
• AIREVILLE (Philippe d’), captain of Nemours for the English, IV, 413.
• AIMERY (Guillaume), examiner of Joan at Poitiers, III, 19, 83, 203, 204; IV, 210.
• AISNE, river, crossed by the French, IV, 49.
• ALAIN (Jacques), inhabitant of Vaucouleurs, II, 445, 447.
• SAINT ANDREWS, in Scotland. The Monk of —, chronicler, IV, 476.
• ALBI. Extract from a cartulary of the hôtel-de-ville of —, IV, 300.
• ALBRET (Charles, sire d’), sent for after the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 368. Fights at Jargeau, IV, 45; at Patay, IV, 242; V, 357. Has Joan lodged at René de Bouligny’s, at Bourges, III, 86. Accompanies the king to Reims, IV, 46, 69, 248, 376; V, 128. Fights at the day of Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193; at the attack on Paris, IV, 86. Writes to the inhabitants of Riom, V, 148. Accompanies Joan at the siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier, III, 217; V, 74, 148; at the siege of La Charité, IV, 48; V, 146, 356.
• ALBRET (Guillaume d’), lord of Orval, brings succour to Orléans, IV, 117. Fights at the Herrings day, IV, 119, 122; is killed there, IV, 124, 206.
• ALENÇON (the town of), supposed conquered by the Maid, IV, 337. Bailiff of —, for the English, V, 178. Chronicles of the dukes of —, IV, 1, 38.
• ALENÇON (Jean, duke of). First news he has of Joan, III, 91. Present at her coming, IV, 363. The only one of the princes who welcomes her well, IV, 327. Witness of the sign brought by her, I, 119, 143, 285. Confidant of the secret revealed to the king, III, 112; IV, 208. Gives a horse to the Maid, III, 66, 92. Conducts her to Saint-Florent, IV, 10. Prepares the Orléans expedition, III, 93. Sent with Joan after the deliverance of Orléans, III, 10; IV, 42, 64, 66, 67, 169, 234, 236; V, 262, 293. Gives notice of the campaign to the constable, IV, 44. Words Joan says to him at Jargeau, III, 96; IV, 171, 236; at Beaugency, IV, 175, 317; at Patay, III, 41, 99; IV, 243. Duped by the English of the Marchenoir garrison, IV, 179, 246. Assists at the coronation as peer of France, IV, 20, 77, 186, 380; V, 128. Discontented at the return from Reims, IV, 79, 188. Assists at the skirmish of Montépilloy, IV, 21, 22, 83, 198, 434. Writes to the Parisians, IV, 464. Fights at the attack on Paris, IV, 25, 27, 28, 86, 87, 197, 199, 343. The king refuses him leave to send the Maid into Normandy, IV, 30, 48. He withdraws home, IV, 29. Communicates with Joan, II, 450. Reprimanded by her when he swore, III, 73, 99. Has had predictions from her, IV, 39. Called by her the fair duke, IV, 14, 15, 24, 27, 39, 236. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 90.
• ALENÇON (the duchess of), visited by Joan, IV, 10. Promise Joan makes her about her husband, III, 96. Comes to Orléans, V, 264.
• ALESPÉE or ADRÉSIN (Jean), assists at the condemnation trial, I, 40, 59, 69, 196, 202, 334, 403, 459. His opinion on the procedure, I, 428. His determination on Joan, I, 350. His sentence, I, 464. Present at the abjuration, I, 444; at the execution, I, 469; weeps, II, 375. Envies Joan’s death, III, 191. Bestirs himself for two canons imprisoned because of her, V, 272.
• ALLÉAUME (Jacques), receiver of Orléans, V, 224.
• ALLEU (Pierre de l’), present at the demand for rehabilitation, III, 373.
• THE GERMANS go to join Charles VII at Reims, V, 355. — auxiliaries of the Burgundians at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 441.
• ALMENÊCHES. Serjeanty of — in the viscounty of Argentan, V, 183.
• ALNWICK (William), Bishop of Norwich, assists at Joan’s abjuration, I, 443. Subscribes the safeguard of the judges, III, 243.
• ALMS offered to the Maid, II, 125; IV, 227.
• AMADE and AMADOC, French captain at Orléans, IV, 148. Fights at Patay, IV, 319.
• SAINT-AMANCE (Jacquier de), interrogated at Domrémy, II, 408.
• AMBLEVILLE, herald at arms of the Maid, III, 26.
• AMBOISE (the town of), opened to the Bretons, IV, 346. Captain of —, see Bours.
• AMBOISE (Georges d’), Archbishop of Rouen, V, 86.
• AMBOISE (the sire d’). See Thouars.
• AMELGARD confounded with Thomas Basin, IV, 350; V, 465.
• AMERVAT (Eloi d’), master of the chapel of Orléans cathedral, V, 312.
• AMI (Nicolas l’), assists at the condemnation trial, I, 92. His words on Joan of Arc, IV, 4.
• AMIENS, disposed to submit to the French, IV, 394. Bailiff of —, V, 144. Chancellor of the church of —, see Quénerville.
• AMOURET (Thomas), consulted on the procedure, I, 426.
• AMPULLA (the holy), brought by an angel, IV, 479; by a dove, IV, 313; miraculously, IV, 534. The English would carry it off from Reims, IV, 343. Miraculously replenished for the coronation of Charles VII, IV, 328. See Saint-Remy.
• ANCENIENSIS VILLA, Ancenis in Touraine, III, 101.
• ANDELOT, in Champagne, I, 209; II, 451, 454. Provost of —, see Petit.
• LES ANDELYS. Collegiate church of Notre-Dame of —, II, 10.
• ANDRÉ (Jean), church notary at Toul, II, 465.
• SAINT ANDREW. Cross of —, rallying sign of the Burgundians and the English, IV, 286. Church of Saint-André-des-Arcs at Paris, IV, 454.
• ANDRIEU (Robert), sent from Clermont-Ferrand to the Maid, V, 146.
• ANGELS. Summary of Joan’s doctrine on the —, I, 273, 276. Under what form they appeared to her, I, 480. The character of the — usurped by the Maid, I, 317, 343, 479; attributed to her, III, 409; V, 146.
• ANGERS (the inhabitants of) send succour to Orléans, IV, 156, 467. Accused of treason by Catherine de la Rochelle, IV, 473. Dean of Saint-Jean of —, V, 164.
• THE ENGLISH, summoned by letters of the Maid, I, 53; III, 7, 24, 27, 74, 126; IV, 42, 139, 215, 301, 306, 478; V, 96. Summoned by word of mouth, III, 68; IV, 12, 18, 138, 225, 344; V, 42. The Maid wills that they withdraw out of France, I, 234, 241; V, 354. Their retreat from Orléans, III, 9, 25, 29, 110, 127; IV, 63, 164, 232, 366; V, 348. Their discouragement, IV, 341, 418. The Maid’s impression upon them, III, 8, 24, 174, 189; IV, 66, 221, 341, 418, 431, 480, 493, 517; V, 162, 192, 296. Whether God hates them, I, 178, 258. Have the reputation of being superstitious, II, 370. — priests saved by the Maid, III, 69. — prisoners well treated by her, III, 74. Fear of the —, cause of Joan’s evasion at Beaurevoir, I, 110, 150, 226. Joan believed she would escape them by ransom, III, 131. Put the Maid on trial to dishonour the king, II, 70, 301, 303, 305, 307, 328, 360; III, 134, 173; IV, 273. Fear lest she die of sickness, II, 203, 219; III, 31, 244. Violent her in her prison, II, 5, 8, 203, 318. Find the trial too long, III, 190. Intimidate the members of the tribunal, II, 14, 19, 24, 349, 364; III, 166, 183, 184. Insult Joan after her abjuration, II, 376. Joan asks their pardon, I, 483; II, 344. They weep at the moment of the execution, II, 6, 20. Conversion of one — on seeing her die, II, 357.
• ANGLESCHERIE, English brood, II, 8.
• ENGLAND. Opinion on Joan in —, III, 440. Terror produced there by her name, V, 162, 192. Joan conducted into — (fabulous), IV, 335. Salisbury’s body sent into —, IV, 101; and that of William Glasdale likewise, IV, 463. Chronicles of —, IV, 403, 476.
• ANGLICT or LANGLOIS, church notary at Lisieux, I, 365.
• ANGOT (Jean), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109, 265.
• ANCERENSIS VILLA, Anché in Touraine, III, 101.
• ANJOU, pacified, V, 333.
• ANJOU (Charles d’), accompanies the king on the Reims journey, IV, 376; V, 354.
• ANJOU (Louis III of), King of Sicily, IV, 338.
• ANJOU (Marie of), Queen of France, was at Bourges at Joan’s coming, III, 85. Joan sees her before being presented to the king, V, 100. Attests Joan’s virginity, I, 95. Brought to Gien for the coronation, then sent back to Bourges, IV, 180, 247. Goes as far as Épernay, V, 354. Informed of her husband’s coronation, V, 128, 131. Receives Joan’s salutations on the return from Reims, III, 86. Deduction of her kindred, IV, 338.
• ANJOU (René of), Duke of Bar, rejoins Charles VII at Provins, IV, 23; at Saint-Denis, IV, 47; at Reims, IV, 77, 185; V, 65. Discontented at the too prompt return from Reims, IV, 49, 188. Commands an army corps at Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193. Lodged at La Chapelle-Saint-Denis, IV, 27, 342. Prevents the Maid from attacking Paris a second time, IV, 28.
• RINGS of the Maid, I, 86, 103, 185, 236, 238; on one of which she continually fixed her looks, IV, 480. A gold — sent by her to Anne de Laval, V, 109.
• ENNOBLEMENT of the d’Arc family, V, 149, 220, 227; restricted, V, 233. — of Gui de Cailly, V, 342. — of Jean de Novelonpont, V, 363.
• ANQUETIL (Henriet), Orléanais, V, 275.
• SAINT ANTOINE, church of Orléans, V, 287. — of Paris (the commander of), IV, 434. — in Dauphiné (the abbot of), V, 134.
• SAINT ANTONINUS of Forciglioni. His opinion on Joan, IV, 506 note.
• APPARITIONS of the Maid, under what form perceived, I, 479, 480, 481, 482. Cease from the moment she is condemned, IV, 473. Joan’s first —, I, 52; III, 204; IV, 118, 430, 524; V, 117. — common to Joan and to Gui de Cailly, V, 344. See Revelations, Voices.
• ARAGON (Yolande of), Queen of Sicily, mother-in-law of Charles VII, prepares the Orléans expedition, III, 93. Attests Joan’s virginity, III, 209; V, 87. Commission of the inhabitants of Tours and of Angers towards her, IV, 473 note. Informed of her son-in-law’s coronation, V, 128, 131. Counsellor of —, at Tours, V, 154.
• ARAGONESE. See Mathias, Sernay.
• APPARVAT (Edward), élu of Argentan for the English, V, 178.
• APREMONT. Building stone of —, V, 225.
• AQUITAINE (duchy of). Its defence entrusted to the cadet of Armagnac, IV, 377. Annals of — cited, IV, 337.
• THE FAIRIES’ TREE at Domrémy, I, 67, 68, 186, 210, 211, 328; II, 394, 396, 398, 400, 404, 407, 409, 410, 413, 416, 418, 420, 422, 425, 427, 430, 434, 440, 456; IV, 468. The curate of Domrémy went there at Ascension, II, 397. Joan had no particular devotion to it, II, 391, 399, 405, 407, 411, 440, 450. Said to be of the Maid, V, 246 note. At what epoch destroyed, II, 390 note.
• D’ARC, family name of the Maid, II, 71; V, 50, 220, 343. See Daix, Jeanne.
• ARC (Isabelle d’), mother of the Maid, I, 46, 208; II, 74; IV, 205. Goes to join her daughter in France, III, 101. Ennobled, V, 151, 220. Requires the rehabilitation of her daughter, II, 82, 92; III, 368, 370, 373; V, 76. Asks not to have to assist at all the audiences, II, 108. Appears before the Archbishop of Reims at Orléans, II, 283. Pensioned by the town of Orléans, V, 276. Dies there, V, 276. See Isabellette, Romée.
• ARC (Jacquemin d’), Joan’s eldest brother, ennobled, V, 154, 220.
• ARC (Jacques d’), father of the Maid, I, 46, 208; II, 388, 398, 400, 401, 407, 408, 410, 443, 451; IV, 205, 520 note. His dreams on his daughter’s subject, I, 132, 219. Joan hides from him her design of going away, I, 129. He would have had her put to death rather than let her go, I, 432; IV, 472. He goes to find the king with his wife, IV, 269, 280; at Reims, III, 198; V, 144, 266, 267. Ennobled, V, 151, 220. Dies of grief at his daughter’s death, V, 83.
• ARC (Jean d’), brother of Joan, flees to Neufchâteau with his sister, II, 423; III, 101. Accompanies her into France, III, 101; IV, 126, 300; V, 260. Lodges at Jacques Boucher’s at Orléans, IV, 153. Ennobled, V, 151, 220. Believes he recognises his sister at Metz in 1436, V, 321. Returns to Orléans, V, 275, 326. Gratified by that town, V, 260, 275, 326. Provost of Vaucouleurs, II, 74. Prosecutes his sister’s rehabilitation, II, 82; V, 76. Appears at Paris, II, 74, 82; III, 255, 368, 373. Appears at Rouen, III, 256, 258, 351, 352. Bearer of the commission to inform in Joan’s country, II, 387. Produces witnesses for the discharge, II, 451, 464. Asks for act of the rehabilitation sentence, III, 362. Bailiff of Vermandois and captain of Chartres, V, 279. Discharged of the provostship of Vaucouleurs, V, 280. Called du Lys and of Vaucouleurs, V, 279, 280 note. Called Petit-Jean, V, 321. His lineage, V, 227, 230.
• ARC (Pierre d’), younger brother of the Maid, comes to find his sister in France, IV, 126, 306; V, 108. Dwells in the same house at Orléans, IV, 153. Fights at the deliverance of the town, V, 213. Accompanies Joan to Reims, III, 198. Ennobled, V, 151, 220. Named Pierre du Lys, see Lys. Taken at Compiègne with his sister, IV, 439, 447; V, 210. Believes he recognises her at Metz, V, 321. Receives divers gifts from the Duke of Orléans, V, 213, 214, 280; from the town of Orléans, V, 276, 278; from the king of France, V, 279. His lineage, V, 228.
• ARGENTAN, town, V, 178, 180. Enumeration of the viscounty of —, V, 182.
• ARGENTON (the lord of), V, 109.
• ARLON, in Luxembourg, V, 322, 324, 327.
• ARMAGNAC (Bernard of), Count of Périgord and of La Marche, estranged from the king’s service, IV, 46, 240, 320; commissioned to the defence of Aquitaine, IV, 377. Supposed on the Reims journey, IV, 376; at the siege of Paris, IV, 343.
• ARMAGNAC (Jean, Count of). Correspondence between him and Joan, I, 82, 243, 245, 246. Supposed to assist at the siege of Paris, IV, 343.
• ARMAGNAC (Thibaud of), lord of Termes, defender of Orléans, III, 119; IV, 44, 158. Fights at Patay, IV, 177. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 118.
• ARMAGNAC (the Cardinal of), gratified with a manuscript on Joan of Arc’s rehabilitation, V, 422.
• ARMAGNACS, injurious denomination of the French, III, 108; IV, 286, 427, 462, 464, 467, 473; V, 169.
• ARMOIRIES of the Maid, I, 117, 300; V, 227, 246; granted to the cadet branch of the du Lys family, V, 230. — of the d’Arc family, V, 228; of Gui de Cailly, V, 345.
• ARMOISES (Robert des), married to the false Joan of Arc, V, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329. Jeanne des —, V, 331, 332. See Joan of Arc (false).
• ARMOUR of Joan made by the king’s order, IV, 3, 301, 363; V, 258, 289; made at Tours, III, 67, 94, 210; donned at Poitiers, IV, 212; before the departure for Orléans, IV, 426; described, IV, 469; V, 107. Joan armed at Orléans and on the Reims journey, IV, 56, 60, 70, 132, 248, 283, 322; armed with a jaseran, III, 9, 127; IV, 233; wearing a chapeline at Jargeau, III, 97; a salade at Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier, III, 218; kept her — at the bivouac, IV, 250; V, 120; loved fine armours, V, 120. Arms given her by the town of Clermont, V, 146. Her — offered by her at Saint-Denis, I, 179, 304; IV, 88; V, 71; is taken by the English, IV, 89; V, 71. See Banner, Sword, Standard.
• ARNOLIN (Henri), confessed Joan, II, 459. Interrogated at Toul, II, 458.
• ARONDE, river, V, 176.
• ARUNDEL (the Earl of), English captain at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 32, 49, 92, 346; V, 73. Commands at the battle of the Shepherd, V, 171, 173.
• ARRAS. The Maid at —, I, 96, 100, 229, 230, 326. Conferences at — for the peace between Charles VII and Philip the Good, IV, 390. Jean du Lys the younger, alderman of —, V, 228, 230.
• ARSENAL. Manuscripts of the — relating to Joan of Arc, V, 421, 464.
• ARTICLES. The preliminary information against Joan reduced into articles for the instruction and interrogation, I, 28. The interrogatories reduced to twelve —, I, 327; III, 64, 143, 163, 196; by Nicolas Midi, III, 60; by the doctors sent from Paris, III, 143. Text of the twelve —, I, 328. Right is not done to the corrections demanded upon the —, III, 144, 196, 234. Deliberations upon the —, I, 337 et seq., 411 et seq.; III, 145. The twelve — read to Joan according to the trial’s word, I, 430 et seq.; which the registrar denies, III, 145; refuted by Theodore de Leliis, II, 22; impugned by the defence, II, 174, 187, 203, 222, 255; III, 272, 291. Production of the draft of the corrections proposed for the —, III, 143, 231, 238, 376; written by Manchon’s hand, III, 196, 231, 237, 330. The twelve — condemned, III, 359; torn after the dictum of the rehabilitation sentence, III, 362.
• ARTILLERY. Joan heard at the service of the —, III, 109. The Reims journey made without —, III, 118. — lost at the siege of La Charité, IV, 49, 94.
• ASTESAN (Antoine), his testimony on Joan of Arc, V, 22.
• ATOURNÉS or aldermen of Compiègne, V, 174, 376.
• AUBÉE (Guillaume), witness to the rehabilitation acts, II, 137; III, 227.
• AUBERŒ (sergenterie of), in the viscounty of Exmes, V, 183.
• AUBERT (Jean), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 30.
• AUBERVILLIERS, near Paris. The French encamped at —, IV, 392.
• AUCUIS. See Loiselleur.
• AUGE. Sergenterie of the —, in the viscounty of Argentan, V, 183. Archdeaconry of the diocese of Évreux, III, 373.
• AUGUSTINIANS. The church and convent of the —, at Orléans, IV, 97; V, 296, 310. Bastille of the —, at the same place, III, 70, 79, 94, 108, 117, 214, 215; IV, 7, 43, 60, 159, 217, 226, 493; V, 55, 292. — of Bayeux, see Bayeux.
• AULT (Raoul), assists at the condemnation trial, I, 39, 49, 59, 69, 81, 92, 382, 405. His determination on Joan, I, 358. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426.
• AULON (Jean d’), maître d’hôtel of the Maid, afterwards seneschal of Beaucaire; the most honest man of the French army, III, 15. Was at Chinon at the Maid’s coming, III, 77. Declares he saw her for the first time only at Poitiers, III, 209. Put to her service, III, 15, 210, 218; IV, 129, 211. Goes to Blois to fetch the army, III, 211. Confidant of a revelation of Joan’s, at Orléans, III, 79, 212. Charged with a command at the taking of Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, III, 214. Advances first at the assault of the Tourelles, III, 216. Causes the bridge of Orléans to be broken with a bombard, III, 80. Wounded at the siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier, III, 217. Taken at the sally of Compiègne, IV, 439, 447. Serves Joan in her prison of Beaulieu, IV, 35. Dwelt a year by her side, III, 218. Invited to depose on the Maid by the Archbishop of Reims, III, 208. Deposes at Lyon, III, 209. Notes on his life, III, 206.
• AULON (Philippe d’), pensioned by Louis XI, III, 207 note.
• AUMALE, reduced to the French authority, IV, 48; V, 69.
• AUMONT (the lord of), Burgundian captain, V, 144.
• AUSSIGNY (Thibaud d’), Bishop of Orléans, grants indulgences for the celebration of 8 May, V, 302.
• AUTIN (Jean), witness cited for the rehabilitation, II, 296.
• AUSTRIA (Ernest and Frederick, dukes of), III, 462, 463. Ambassador of the duke of — in France, II, 71. See Wilzkehet. Chancellor of —, see Ulrich.
• AUVERGNE. Fighters sent from — to Orléans, V, 119, 430. Charles VII reduced to contenting himself with —, IV, 127.
• AUVERGNE (Martial d’), or of Paris, author on the Maid, V, 31, 451; on the Shepherd, V, 173.
• AUXERRE. The Maid passes there coming into France, I, 54, 222. Returns there with the French army, IV, 46, 247; V, 60, 264. Excites no enthusiasm there, IV, 286. The town of — received by composition in spite of Joan, IV, 72, 184, 250, 377. Review of the men-at-arms between — and Troyes, III, 76.
• AVERDY (De l’), cited, II, 5, 19, 59, 352; IV, 255; V, 406, 408, 409, 420, 421, 422, 424, 461, 466, 467, 468. His error on the d’Urfé manuscript, V, 441.
• AVIGNON (Marie d’), predicts the coming of Joan, III, 83.
• AVIT (Jean de Saint-), Bishop of Avranches. His determination on Joan not entered in the trial, II, 6. Threatened by d’Estivet, II, 348.
• AVRANCHES, supposed conquered by the Maid, IV, 337. Bishop of —, see Avit, Bochart.
• SAINT AVY, church of Orléans, IV, 102. Shrine of —, V, 314.
• AWREBRUCH (Blanche d’), wife of Guillaume de Flavy, IV, 273; V, 372.
• AYMERI or AYMERICI. See Aimery.
• BAQUILLON, near Metz, V, 322.
• BAIGNART (Robert), confessor of Joan, III, 119. Preacher at Orléans, V, 309.
• BAILLY (Nicolas), informs at Domrémy in 1429, II, 441, 454, 455. Interrogated at Toul in 1455, II, 451.
• BÂLE (council of), explained to Joan, II, 4, 13, 304. Terms in which it is proposed to her to submit to it, I, 398. Joan appeals to it, II, 5, 224, 254, 349. Jean Beaupère goes there, II, 21; V, 198. Loiselleur dies there, III, 162. Conversations on Joan at the —, IV, 504.
• BALUZE (Étienne). His name on two manuscripts of the trial, V, 396, 447.
• BALZAC (Jeanne de), wife of Claude d’Urfé, V, 446.
• BARRIER (the gate). See Orléans.
• BANNER of the Maid described, III, 104; IV, 132, 301. Confounded with the standard, IV, 322, 490; V, 238. Burnt, IV, 133. Borne to the exclusion of other ensigns, IV, 451, 452. Taken up again by the descendants of the d’Arc family, V, 229. Borne at the 8 May festival at Orléans, V, 310, 316.
• BANNIÈRES (the), or trade guilds at Tournai, V, 124.
• BAQUEVILLE-LE-MARTEL, parish of the diocese of Rouen, II, 317; III, 193.
• BAR (duke of). See Anjou (René of). Duchy of —, IV, 38. See Barrois.
• BAR (le Bourg de), taken by the English, IV, 119. Delivered, IV, 63, 165.
• BARATIN (Pierre), bourgeois of Orléans, V, 262, 275, 326.
• BARBE (H. La), notable of Reims, V, 144.
• BARBIER (Robert), assists at the condemnation trial, I, 6, 39, 48, 69, 81, 196, 202, 382, 405; at the abjuration, I, 444. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199. His determination on Joan, I, 349. His opinion on the torture, I, 403.
• BARBIN (Guillaume), predicts the deliverance of France, IV, 536.
• BARBIN (Jean), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 82.
• BARDIN, diminutive of Isambard or Isambert, II, 161, 302, 343. See Pierre (Isambard de la).
• BARETON (Jean), priest of Rouen cathedral, I, 340.
• BARNEVILLE (Jean), witness to the rehabilitation acts, III, 255.
• BARON, village near Senlis, IV, 47, 80, 82, 191, 192, 386.
• BAROUSE. See Berwoit.
• BARRÉ and BARNEY (Jean), godfather of the Maid, I, 46, 421; II, 398, 429. Edite, his wife, II, 429.
• BARREY (Jean), subscribes the condemnation of Joan by the University of Paris, I, 424.
• BARRETTE, French captain, IV, 91; V, 72; lieutenant of the Maid at Compiègne, V, 177.
• BARRIAUT (Massot), Orléanais, V, 263.
• BARROIS, duchy, IV, 3, 38, 52, 153, 213; V, 27, 237. Inhabitants of —, IV, 342.
• BASIN (Jean and Perrin), Orléanais, IV, 161 note; V, 334.
• BASIN (Thomas), Bishop of Lisieux; his opinion on Joan’s trial, III, 309; IV, 355; demanded by Charles VII, IV, 355. Notice on this work, V, 465. Judged the Maid after Pontanus’s consultation, III, 313; and after the very instrument of the trial, IV, 355. His historical testimony on her, IV, 350. Is the author of the history of Charles VII attributed to Amelgard, IV, 350.
• BASQUEZ, bore Joan’s standard at the assault of the Tourelles, III, 216.
• BASSET (Jean), assists at the condemnation trial, I, 39, 49, 81, 196, 202, 334; V, 271. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199. His determination on Joan, I, 342. Imprisoned because of Joan, V, 272, 278.
• BASTIS (Jean de), assists at the condemnation trial, I, 382.
• BATEUR (Mathieu Le), assists at the condemnation trial, I, 442.
• BÂTIE (La). Library of the castle of —, V, 446.
• BAUDRIBOSC (Guillaume de), assists at the condemnation trial, I, 58, 69, 81, 92, 354, 459. His sentence, I, 466.
• BAUDRICOURT (Robert de), captain of Vaucouleurs, made war against the Burgundians, IV, 205. Joan goes to find him, I, 53, 216, 233, 333; II, 391, 414, 428, 432, 436, 444, 456; III, 193; IV, 52, 118, 205, 330; V, 133. He refuses at first to hear her, I, 53; II, 436; IV, 32, 118, 205, 326, 508. She reveals to him the battle of the Herrings, IV, 125, 206. Sole confidant of Joan’s revelations, I, 128. Visits her at her hostess’s, II, 446. Writes to the king on her subject, III, 115; IV, 128. Gives her a sword, I, 54, 76, 222. Has her dressed as a man, IV, 469; V, 30. Is not he who advised her this clothing, I, 74, 222. Had indoctrinated her to abuse the French, IV, 407. His words to the Maid, I, 58, 220, 222; II, 444; V, 30. He sends her to the king, IV, 362; V, 30. Conducts her himself to Nancy, then to Bourges, IV, 268, 331.
• BAUGENCY falls to Salisbury’s power, V, 286. The English withdraw there, III, 71; IV, 10. Defended by Talbot, IV, 239. Siege of —, III, 10, 120; IV, 14, 174, 240, 412; V, 263. Surrender of the town, III, 97; IV, 45, 66, 318, 340, 371, 419; V, 37, 120, 122, 351; of the castle and the bridge, III, 98; IV, 66, 67, 175, 244. Talbot conducted prisoner to —, III, 75. Archdeacon of —, V, 309.
• BAUGENY (Simon de), Orléanais, IV, 116.
• BAUGI (Pierre), Breton captain, IV, 318.
• BAUT (Pierre le), Breton chronicler, IV, 315.
• BAVON (Anne), visits Joan at Rouen, II, 155.
• BAYEUX. Augustinians of —, III, 100.
• BAYONNE, conquered by the Maid (fabulous), IV, 334.
• BAZOCHES (Thomas de), lieutenant of the captain of Reims, IV, 292.
• BÉATRIX, godmother of the Maid, II, 388, 410. Interrogated, II, 395.
• BÉATRIX, lady of Bourlémont, II, 404.
• BEAUCAIRE (seneschal of). See Aulon (Jean d’), Villars (the sire of).
• BEAUCE. Joan believed she would arrive at Orléans by the —, III, 5; IV, 215, 218. The —, road of the second convoy brought to Orléans, IV, 56, 222; place of the greatest strength of the English besieging Orléans, IV, 151, 217, 218. Arrival at Orléans of the English garrisons of the —, IV, 134. Arrival of the Bretons by the —, IV, 316. Beaugency besieged on the — side, IV, 175. March of the English army by the —, IV, 413, 416.
• BEAUÇOIS (Simon), often helped Joan to arm, III, 81. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 77.
• BEAUFORD. See Winchester.
• BEAUHARNAIS (Jean), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 34. Pétronille, his wife, deposes likewise, III, 35.
• BEAULIEU, in Vermandois. The English at —, V, 74. The Maid prisoner at —, IV, 34, 35, 402. The Maid’s attempted escape at —, I, 163, 249; IV, 470.
• BEAUMANOIR (Jacques de Dinan, lord of), at the expedition of Patay and of Reims, IV, 66, 68, 176, 177, 243, 316, 319, 320. Performs at the coronation the office of peer, IV, 380.
• BEAUMONT (viscounty of), possessed by the Duke of Alençon, IV, 29.
• BEAUNE-LA-ROLANDE, village of the Orléanais, IV, 149.
• BEAUPÈRE (Jean), doctor sent for to the condemnation trial, II, 62; assists at it, I, 29, 31, 34, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 113, 180, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 323, 354, 404, 430. Interrogates the Maid, I, 50, 64, 70; II, 16; III, 48; with partiality, I, 357; III, 54, 140. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199. His determination on Joan, I, 337. Sent to Paris to gather the University’s opinion, I, 407, 409, 420; II, 64. Paid for his trouble, V, 197, 199, 203, 208. Advises Joan to submit, II, 21. Assists at the abjuration, I, 443; III, 54, 64. Sent to ascertain Joan’s relapse, II, 21. Goes off to the council of Bâle, II, 21; V, 198. Interrogated in 1450, II, 20. His opinion on Joan and on her revelations, II, 20, 24.
• BEAUREVOIR. Joan at the castle of —, I, 95, 110, 230; II, 298; IV, 121; IV, 402, 447; casts herself down from the tower, I, 150, 152, 160, 169, 259, 261, 266, 326, 333; II, 45. Pierre Cauchon goes there, V, 194.
• BEAUREVOIR (the lady of), in relation with Joan, I, 95.
• BEAUVAIS, reduced to the French authority, IV, 48, 80, 85, 190, 391; V, 69. Chief town of the reconquered country, IV, 394. Battle of the Shepherd lost by the garrison of —, V, 171, 172, 173. Citations executed at — for the rehabilitation, III, 182. Bishop of —, see Cauchon, Hellande. Cathedral of —, II, 129. Garden of the bishopric of —, II, 133.
• BEAUVAISIS. Ravage of the — in 1429, IV, 93, 393.
• BEAUVAU (Waleran de), defends Paris, IV, 393.
• BEAUVAU (Pierre de), gives a horse to the Dauphin, Charles VII’s brother, V, 38. Writes the news of the coronation, V, 130.
• BEAUVOISIER (Jean le), present at the demand for rehabilitation, III, 373.
• BEC (Jean du), present at the rehabilitation acts, II, 208, 270, 276; III, 39, 362. Chosen to second the Cardinal d’Estouteville, V, 218.
• BEC-HELLUIN (le), abbey. See Frique (Thomas).
• BEDE the Venerable, predicted the Maid, III, 338, 341; V, 12.
• BEGOT (Jean), inhabitant of Domrémy, II, 441.
• BELIN (Geoffroi de Saint-), French captain, IV, 91.
• BELLES, woman of Orléans, IV, 97.
• BELLIER (Guillaume), host of the Maid at Chinon, III, 17. The false Joan of Arc writes to him, V, 327.
• BELLIÈVRE (Barthelemi and Hugues), church notaries at Lyon, III, 220, 221.
• BÉNÉDICTÉ, surname of Jean d’Estivet, II, 15, 141, 303; III, 196. See Estivet.
• BENEDICT XIV, antipope, I, 245.
• SAINT-BENOÎT-SUR-LOIRE. The Maid at —, III, 116.
• BERETH (Martin), subscribes to the Maid’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• BERGASSE (Philippe de), author on Joan of Arc, IV, 521.
• BERGER or PASTOUREL (Guillaume le), what he says of Joan, V, 168. Makes an unsuccessful sortie against the English, V, 170, 171, 172, 173. Brought bound to Paris, V, 170; drowned in the Seine, V, 171.
• BERGÈRE (la), name of a bombard of Orléans, IV, 171.
• BERMONT (Notre-Dame de), hermitage near Domrémy, II, 389, 404, 413, 416, 420, 427, 433, 439, 452, 455, 462; III, 193. Allusion to the chapel of —, IV, 524.
• BERNI (Guernerio), author on the Maid, IV, 519.
• BERNIER (Mgr), bishop of Orléans, restores the commemorative festival of the deliverance of the city, V, 317.
• BERRY. Convoy brought from — into Orléans, IV, 144. The king returns to — after his coronation, IV, 394; V, 71. The sire d’Albret, lieutenant of the country of —, V, 150. Seneschal of —, V, 121.
• BERRY (Jacques le Bouvier, called), king-at-arms and chronicler of France, author on the Maid, IV, 40; on the Shepherd, V, 172. His chronicle incorporated into the Journal du siège d’Orléans, IV, 95.
• BERRIAT SAINT-PRIX (M.), drew up the itinerary of the Maid, V, 377.
• BERRUYER (Martin), bishop of Le Mans, gives his opinion on the trial of Joan, III, 314. Notice on his memoir, V, 440.
• BERTHELOT (Raoulet), bourgeois of Tours, V, 155.
• BERTIN (Nicolas), present at the condemnation trial, I, 454, 459.
• BERTRAND (messire), physician of Orléans, V, 275.
• BERWOIT, alias BAROUST (John), guard of the Maid, I, 48, 135.
• BEDFORD (John of Lancaster, duke of), summoned by the Maid, I, 240; IV, 140, 216, 308; V, 96. Sends an army to Talbot’s relief, IV, 44, 413, while waiting to go himself, IV, 369. Will not abandon the siege of Orléans, IV, 147. Withdraws from Paris after the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 233. Returns through Brie with an army, IV, 382, 453. Awaited by the French at Château-Thierry, IV, 20; at Lamotte-de-Nangis, IV, 79, 188; V, 68. Retreats, IV, 79. Offers battle to the king of France, IV, 46; at Mitry, IV, 47, 80, 189, 433; V, 69; at Notre-Dame de la Victoire and at Montépilloy, IV, 21, 47, 82, 83, 191, 194, 433. Prevents a rapprochement between Burgundy and France, IV, 390. Writes to the king of England about his reverses, V, 136. Retreats to Paris, IV, 24, 80, 196, 436. Renews his alliance with the duke of Burgundy, IV, 48, 201. Prevents the English from renouncing their conquests in France, IV, 341. Withdraws to Rouen, IV, 25, 48, 85, 197; V, 69. Lodged in the castle of that city, IV, 35. Has the Maid delivered to him, IV, 35. Spies on the visit of Joan by the matrons, III, 163. The judgement and death of Joan attributed to him alone, IV, 35, 480, 506. He narrowly escapes an ambush at Mantes, V, 169. Defends Lagny, V, 145.
• BEDFORD (the duchess of), has Joan visited by matrons, II, 201; III, 89, 155, 163, 180. Orders that regard be shown her, III, 155. Has a woman’s skirt made for her, III, 89.
• BÉTHUNE (Antoine de), fights at Montépilloy, IV, 387.
• BÉTHUNE (Jeanne de). See Beaurevoir (the lady of).
• BEUIL (the lord of), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 101, 222.
• BEUVRONNE, stream near Dammartin, IV, 46.
• LIBRARY. Manuscripts of the Bibliothèque Nationale of Paris concerning the history of the Maid, IV, 1, 38, 40, 51, 204, 277, 284, 300, 312, 313, 339, 347, 350, 361, 406, 429, 532, 533, 536; V, 44, 95, 104, 105, 121, 131, 164, 165, 166, 173, 194, 280, 323, 358, 368; concerning her condemnation, V, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 409; her rehabilitation, V, 424, 425, 428, 429, 431, 438, 447, 449, 452, 454, 455, 456, 464, 473, 475. The library of the National Assembly possesses a manuscript of the trial, V, 392. The library of the Institut de France possesses the manuscript of the chronicle of the Maid, IV, 204. See Arsenal, Bâtie (la), Bodleian, Geneva, Sainte-Geneviève, Orléans, Paris, Rosny, Vatican, Saint-Victor, etc.
• BIDAULT (Jean), nephew of P. Cauchon, II, 195; domiciled at Rouen, II, 11. Guillemette, his sister, wife of De Rivel, II, 194.
• BIENVILLE, near Compiègne, V, 176.
• BIARS (Guillaume de), witness cited for the rehabilitation, II, 296.
• BILLORMI rather than BILLORINI (Martin), vice-inquisitor of France, I, 3; III, 378; V, 392. His letter to the duke of Burgundy, I, 12.
• BISCAY. Help sent from — into France, V, 330.
• BISET (Sir Henry), captain of Jargeau, IV, 167.
• BISUETIO (Gui de), canon of Rouen, I, 364.
• BLATNA. See Rozmital.
• BLAYE, recovered by the Maid (fabulous), IV, 535.
• BLOIS. Embassy of the Orléanais at —, IV, 114, 119. Joan for the first time at —, III, 4, 18, 67, 78, 104; IV, 5, 54, 139, 213, 215, 363, 490. Help sent to Orléans by those of —, IV, 156, 167. The captains, defenders of Orléans, go to — to fetch the king’s army, III, 79, 210; IV, 5, 55, 56, 152; V, 290. Joan returns there after the deliverance of Orléans, III, 80. Castle of —, V, 280. Saint-Sauveur church at —, IV, 215. Bailiff of —. See Thibault.
• BLONDEL (Robert), author on the Maid, IV, 345.
• BLOUNT (Thomas), treasurer of Normandy, V, 178, 191, 196, 198, 202, 203, 205.
• BODLEIAN (library), at Oxford. Manuscript of the — on the Maid, IV, 482; V, 339.
• BOGAET (Robin le), V, 263.
• BOCHART (Jean), called de Vaucelle, bishop of Avranches, at Paris during the rehabilitation trial, III, 317. Consulted on the condemnation of Joan, III, 318. Notice on his memoir, V, 466.
• BOQUET (Isambert), Orléanais, V, 270.
• BOETHIUS (Hector), consults the rehabilitation manuscript, V, 449.
• BOHEMIA. Joan predicts the pacification of this country by a woman, III, 436.
• BOHEMIANS, heretics of Bohemia. English army levied against them, IV, 81, 191, 453. Joan threatens them by letter, IV, 503. See Hussites.
• BOLEVE (Jean), Orléanais, V, 263.
• BOIS CHENU or CHESNU, above Domrémy, I, 68, 213; III, 15, 133, 340, 341, 342.
• BOISGUILLAUME. See Colles.
• BOISSEL (Guerould), dean of the faculty of canon law of Paris, I, 419, 421.
• BOISSIEU (M. de), sends a memoir on the Maid to Le Puy, V, 474.
• BOISY. See Gouffier.
• BOIVIN (Robert), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 287.
• BOLLEMONT, for Bourlemont, II, 404, 413, 427.
• BOLEMONT, for Bourlemont, II, 404, 413, 427.
• BOMBACHELIER (Jean), Orléanais, V, 326.
• BONAPARTE (Napoleon), approves the rebuilding of a monument to the Maid at Orléans, V, 243. Authorises the restoration of the festival of the deliverance of Orléans, V, 317.
• BONNART (Hervé), prior of Saint-Magloire of Orléans, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 32.
• BONESQUE (Jean de), his determination on Joan, I, 352.
• BORGARS, family of Orléans, V, 234.
• BONNET (Guillaume), abbot of Cormeilles, attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443. His opinion on the procedure, I, 424; his determination on Joan, I, 367.
• BONNES-NOUVELLES (church of), at Orléans, V, 344.
• BONNET (Simon), one of the examiners of the Maid, III, 92.
• BONNY-SUR-LOIRE, taken by the French, IV, 180, 246. Summons to the captain of —, IV, 245.
• BONS-MOULINS, place near Louviers, V, 179.
• BORD-AUX-MIGNONS (la), near Orléans, IV, 136.
• BORDEAUX, conquered by the Maid (fabulous), IV, 334.
• BORDELAIS. The defence of the — entrusted to the cadet of Armagnac, IV, 377.
• BORDELLE (Jean), grand vicar of Beauvais, II, 135.
• BORDES (André), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 33.
• BOREHOLISE. The Maid’s stay at the château of —, V, 165.
• BOSC (Nicolas du), chosen to second Cardinal d’Estouteville, V, 218. Present at the rehabilitation trial, II, 208, 270, 276; III, 39, 353, 362.
• BOSCHET or BOUCHET (the lord of), V, 111.
• BOSQUIER (Pierre), apologises for having spoken ill of the Maid’s judges, I, 493; condemned for it, I, 495.
• BOUCHER (Guillemin), Orléanais, V, 275.
• BOUCHER (Jacques or Jacquet), treasurer of Orléans, host of the Maid, I, 101; III, 68, 124, 125, 127, 211; IV, 133, 219, 227; lends his house for a war council, IV, 57, where he attends, IV, 58. Reimbursed for the Maid’s expenses, V, 260; pays for a garment made for the Maid, V, 112, 114. His wife, one of the notable women of Orléans, III, 211; IV, 219, arms the Maid, III, 68; Joan’s words to her, III, 34. His daughter. See Havet (Charlotte).
• BOUCHER (Jean), canon of Tours and Angers, sings a mass for the Maid, V, 164.
• BOUCHER (Pierre), deposes in 1452, II, 323; cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41.
• BOUCHIER or LEROUCHIER (Guillaume), attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 189, 195, 202, 375, 381, 404, 439; at the abjuration, I, 443; at the execution, I, 469. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 424; his determination on Joan, I, 337; exhorts her to submit, I, 380. His sentence, I, 464.
• BOUCHET (Jean), cited, IV, 537.
• BOUCHET (Henri du), owner of a manuscript of the trial, V, 405.
• BOUDON, Orléanais, IV, 162 note.
• BOUHIER (the president), owner of a manuscript of the trial, V, 409.
• BOUILLÉ (Guillaume), dean of Noyon, commissioned for the revision of the trial in 1450, II, 1. Sent to the king by Cardinal d’Estouteville, V, 365. Conveys to Thomas Basin the elements of his opinion on Joan, III, 343. His memoir on the first trial, III, 322; V, 467; produced at the rehabilitation trial, III, 372. Present at the rehabilitation acts, II, 112, 119, 194; III, 373; at the Orléans inquiry, III, 2, 21, 23.
• BOULAINVILLIERS (Perceval de), writes news of the Maid to the duke of Milan, V, 115, 124.
• BOULAY (Aubert), notable of Metz, V, 322, 323.
• BOULIGNY (René de), general of finances, III, 85; V, 258, 267. His wife. See Touroulde.
• BOULOGNE (county of). Arrival of an English army in the —, IV, 295.
• BOULOGNE (the count of), at the journey to Reims, IV, 180.
• BOURBON (Charles de), count of Clermont, then duke of Bourbonnais, stays at Blois during the siege of Orléans, IV, 114, 119, 130. Contributes to the defence of Orléans, IV, 125, 413, 426. Fights the battle of the Herrings, IV, 120, 121, 122; V, 288. Witness to the sign brought by Joan to the king, I, 57, 119, 143, 285, 396. Present at the siege of Troyes, IV, 73. Creates knights on coronation day, IV, 77, 186; fulfils the office of peer there, IV, 20, 46, 380; V, 128. Communicates with Joan, II, 450. Displeased at the return from Reims, IV, 79. Present at the day of Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193; at the attack on Paris, IV, 28, 86, 87, 197, 342. Appointed lieutenant-general of the Île-de-France, IV, 88, 200, 394. Renounces that office, IV, 90. Loses the château of Gournay-sur-Aronde, IV, 395. Information about the Maid given at Lyon by one of his stewards, IV, 425.
• BOURBON (Louis de), count of Vendôme, introduces Joan to Charles VII, III, 103. Announces to the king the recovery of the château of Vendôme, V, 102. Awaited for the Jargeau expedition, V, 108, 111; goes to the siege of that town, IV, 12, 170; to Beaugency, IV, 174; to the battle of Patay, IV, 67, 242; V, 262; to Reims, IV, 69, 73, 248. Performs the office of peer at the coronation, IV, 20, 46; V, 128. Displeased at the too-prompt return from Reims, IV, 79, 188. Fights at Montépilloy, IV, 21, 83, 193; at the attack on Paris, IV, 86, 197; V, 268. Left at Saint-Denis, IV, 88, 201; made governor at Senlis, IV, 24, 90, 394; and lieutenant-general of the whole country, IV, 90. Called to the relief of Troyes, V, 145. Accompanies Joan to Soissons in 1430, IV, 49. Author of the deliverance of Compiègne, V, 369.
• BOURBONNAIS. Fighters sent from — to Orléans, IV, 119, 130. Seneschal of —. See Chabannes.
• BOURG (Guillaume le), prior of Saint-Lô of Rouen, attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 81, 92, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443.
• BOURDEILLE (Élie de), his opinion on the Maid’s trial, III, 306. Notice on his memoir, V, 442, 464.
• BOURDON (Nicolas), visits the Maid at Drugy, V, 358, 359.
• BOURÉE, or bastard of Bar, of Masqueran. See Bar, Masqueran.
• BOURGEAUVILLE, parish of the diocese of Lisieux, II, 321.
• BOURGEOIS (Guillaume), substitute for Bréhal, II, 280.
• BOURGEOIS (Jean), Orléanais, V, 269; makes a garment for the Maid, V, 112, 114.
• LE BOURGEOIS. See Kermoisan.
• BOURGES, last bulwark of Charles VII, IV, 278, 303. Food and troops sent from — to Orléans, IV, 109, 156, 167. Assembly of men-at-arms held at —, IV, 376. The deliverance of Orléans is celebrated there by an annual procession, V, 297. The queen sent back to —, IV, 180. Charles VII goes there on leaving Saint-Denis, IV, 31, 268; Joan follows him there, III, 86; IV, 201; prepares the Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier expedition there, III, 217; IV, 31. The town of — contributes to the costs of the siege of La Charité, V, 356. Commissioners sent to — for the rehabilitation, II, 282.
• BOURGES (Thevanon de), Orléanais, V, 331.
• BOURGET (Jean), Augustinian, IV, 473 note.
• BURGUNDY (la) crossed by Joan on her coming to France, III, 75. Treated as false, III, 13.
• BURGUNDY (John the Fearless, duke of). The Maid’s opinion on his death, I, 184. His death reproached to Charles VII by the duke of Bedford, IV, 384.
• BURGUNDY (Philip the Good, duke of), supported the English against his oath, IV, 322. Receives an embassy from the inhabitants of Orléans, IV, 130, 146. Recalls those of his subjects who were besieging that city, IV, 147. Keeps a garrison of his men at Troyes, IV, 247. Denounces by his letters a conspiracy hatched at Reims for the French, IV, 285. Exhorted to make peace by the Maid, I, 235; V, 126. Summoned by her to the king’s coronation, V, 127. Goes to Paris, IV, 48, 453; V, 130. Has peace proposals made to the king, IV, 515; V, 130. Concludes a treaty at Compiègne, IV, 47; V, 174; and undertakes to hand over Paris, V, 140, where he returns with the king’s safe-conduct, IV, 48, 201, 295; Joan’s remark on this treaty, IV, 500. Raises troops against the king, IV, 392, 453; receives an embassy from him, IV, 390; begs him to lift the siege of Paris, IV, 342. Takes Gournay-sur-Aronde, IV, 396. Advances through Noyon, IV, 397; takes Choisy-sur-Aisne, IV, 49, 397, 438; besieges Compiègne, IV, 32, 324, 399, 400, 428, 438, 441. Joan announces she will take him prisoner, IV, 444, 516. He talks with her after her capture, IV, 402, 428, 439, 447; forbids her to be brought before him, IV, 517; announces the news of her capture, V, 166, 350. Receives from the English government the account of the Rouen trial, IV, 403.
• BURGUNDIANS, detested by the Maid, I, 65, 66, 262, 335. Joan knew only one at Domrémy, I, 65, 262; II, 423. The — recalled from the siege of Orléans by their duke, V, 147; auxiliaries of the English at the day of Montépilloy, IV, 194; defend Paris against the Maid, IV, 25; defend La Charité-sur-Loire, IV, 31. Joan asks their pardon, I, 485.
• BOURLEMONT (Jean de), II, 399.
• BOURLEMONT (Pierre de), knight, lord of Domrémy, II, 67, 212, 404, 407, 413. See Bollemont, Granier.
• BOURLEMONT (the lady of), French by origin, II, 427. See Beatrix and Roche.
• BOURRITEL (Guichard de), captain of Soissons, traitor to the French, I, 111, 273; IV, 49, 50.
• BOURREAU (the executioner), present at the Maid’s abjuration, III, 65, 147. Joan handed over to the —, II, 6, 8, 20, 344, 359, 375, 377; III, 132, 165, 188, 194, 202. Remorse of Joan’s executioner, II, 7, 352, 366.
• BOURRILLIER (Jean), called François, church notary, I, 421.
• BOURS (Régnault de), captain of Amboise, IV, 316.
• BOUSSAC (Jean de la Brosse, lord of Sainte-Sévère and of), marshal of France, I, 396; III, 4; at the defence of Orléans, IV, 101, 105, 106, 108, 110, 113, 115, 116, 117, 130, 136, 158, 164; V, 347; at the day of the Herrings, IV, 119, 125. Goes to fetch the army at Blois, III, 78; IV, 155, 222, 490. Takes part in the capture of Saint-Loup, IV, 6, 157; in that of the Augustins, IV, 158; in the Jargeau expedition, IV, 12, 64, 167, 170; V, 107, 111; in the battle of Patay, IV, 242, 371, 419; in the journey to Reims, IV, 180, 378; V, 129, 354; in the skirmishes of Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193; in the attack on Paris, IV, 26, 86, 197; in the La Charité expedition, IV, 31, 48; in the deliverance of Compiègne, V, 74, 367; in the battle of the Shepherd, V, 171, 172. Sent to Senlis, IV, 24; to the relief of the garrisons of the Île-de-France, IV, 90.
• BOUTEILLER (Jean le). See Rouen (bailiff of).
• BOUVIER (Jacques le). See Berry.
• BOWER (Walter), author on the Maid, IV, 478.
• BOYVEAU (Gui), Orléanais, III, 33.
• BRABANT. News of the Maid sent to the council of the duke of —, IV, 426. Chamber of accounts of —. See Comptes.
• BRAUCHE (Sir Henry), prisoner at Patay, IV, 319.
• BRAY-SUR-SEINE, refuses passage to the French, IV, 79, 189; submits, IV, 48, 201.
• BRÉCY (Philibert de), French captain, V, 210.
• BREDOUILLE (Regnauld), promoter of Beauvais, II, 133, 262; III, 37; included in the prosecution of the d’Arc family, III, 355; brings his bishop’s words on the subject of the rehabilitation, II, 268. Cited, III, 45, 228, 235, 253, 254; declared contumacious, III, 261, 352.
• BRÉHAL or BREHALLI (Jean), informs by commission of the legate d’Estouteville, II, 157, 292, 310; III, 234; paid for this by Charles VII, V, 277. Composes a summary of the trial, V, 429; writes from Lyon to the Dominicans of Vienne, II, 70; V, 434; sends them several treatises, V, 423. Theology questions proposed by him on the trial, II, 68. Sent to the king by Cardinal d’Estouteville, V, 365. Adjoined as judge of the rehabilitation, II, 106; III, 375; sits in that capacity, II, 82, 92, 136, 138, 206, 262, 266, 281, 284, 286, 288; III, 47, 128, 222, 226, 246, 249, 253, 255, 256, 329, 351. Names substitutes for the interrogation of the witnesses, II, 280; interrogates the witnesses at Paris, III, 47; at Rouen, III, 134, 199. Consults the bishop of Avranches, III, 348. Charged by the tribunal with summarising the reasons alleged against Joan’s trial, III, 334; extracts from this summary, III, 334, 337, 338, 341, 347, 349; notice on the same work, V, 462, 470. Affixes his seal to the last citation, III, 354; and to the sentence, III, 362, which he goes to execute at Orléans, V, 277, 278. His name on a manuscript, V, 425.
• BRITAIN (Arthur of). See Richemond.
• BRITTANY (John, duke of), swears an oath to the English, V, 122, 339; sends an embassy to the Maid, IV, 497; V, 264. In correspondence with the lords of Laval, V, 110. Reconciles with the king of France, V, 162. Informed of Joan’s capture, V, 358.
• BRITTANY (Mary of), dowager duchess of Alençon, V, 264.
• BRETON (le petit), man-at-arms at the siege of Orléans, IV, 112.
• BRETONNIÈRE (Macé de la), bourgeois of Tours, V, 155.
• BRICONNET (Pierre), bourgeois of Tours, V, 154, 155.
• BRIDIERS. See Nailhac.
• BRIE, province of France, crossed by an English army, IV, 382.
• BRIENNE (manuscripts of) concerning the Maid, V, 400, 456.
• BRIDGET (Saint), prophesied about France, II, 429; IV, 484.
• BRILLAC (François de), bishop of Orléans, grants indulgences for the 8 May festival, V, 304.
• BRIMEU (David de), envoy of the duke of Burgundy to Charles VII, IV, 390. Fights at the siege of Compiègne with his brothers Jacques and Florimond, IV, 441.
• BRIMEU (Jean de), hands Château-Thierry back to the king, IV, 381. Fights at Montépilloy, IV, 387, 433. Taken at Choisy-sur-Aisne, IV, 49; near Crépy, IV, 398. Put in charge of the defence of Noyon, IV, 397.
• BRINON-L’ARCHEVÊQUE, Charles VII at —, IV, 292.
• BRIXEN. Diocese of —, III, 457. Bishop of —, III, 463.
• BRIXEY. Collegiate church of Saint-Nicolas de —, near Vaucouleurs, II, 434.
• BROCHART (Gilles), lieutenant at the bailliage of Alençon, V, 178.
• BROLBSTER (William), English priest, attends the trial of Joan, I, 193, 196, 209.
• BROQUIÈRE (Bertrandon de la), carries to Constantinople the certainty of Joan’s death, IV, 532.
• BROYART (Colin), rants against the Maid at Abbeville, V, 142.
• BRUILLOT or BRULLOT (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 49, 69, 81, 384, 405. His determination on Joan, I, 346.
• BRUN (Guyot le), saddler of Orléans, V, 259.
• LE BRUN DE CHARMETTES. See Charmettes.
• BRUNE (Régnault), Orléanais, V, 326.
• BRUNSWICK. War of —, III, 450.
• BRUSAC (Gaultier de), at the Jargeau expedition, IV, 64, 236.
• BRUT (Roman de), cited at the trial, III, 340.
• BRUXELLES VERMEILLE, a sort of cloth, V, 113.
• BRUYSE (John), keeper of the coffers of the king of England, V, 191, 192.
• BÛCHER (the stake) where Joan was burned, III, 186, 188; IV, 471; inscriptions set upon it, IV, 459. Extinguished for a moment to ascertain Joan’s death, III, 191; IV, 471.
• BUDÉ (Dreux), secretary of Charles VII, V, 104, 139, 334.
• BUILLONS (Jean de Meun or des), astrologer, IV, 345.
• BUIN (Michel le), interrogated at Vaucouleurs, II, 439.
• BUONINCONTRO (Lorenzo), author on the Maid, IV, 505.
• BUREAU. See Cormeilles.
• BUREY-LE-PETIT, village near Vaucouleurs, II, 411, 431, 439; Joan stays there, II, 443.
• BUSSY-LETTRE, in Champagne. Charles VII at —, IV, 298.
• BUST (Laurent du), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 49, 59, 81, 382, 405. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426. His determination on Joan, I, 358.
• CABERT (Jean), notable of Reims, V, 141.
• CAHU (Gencien), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 30.
• CADIER (Jean), present at the Orléans inquiry, III, 23.
• CAEN. Supposedly conquered by the Maid, IV, 337. G. Érard’s clerk sent to —, III, 413. The taille money for the Maid’s ransom assembled at —, V, 182.
• CAGNY (Perceval de), historian of the Maid, IV, 1.
• CAILLART (J.), alderman of Reims, V, 141.
• CAILLY (Gui de), host of the Maid at Rully, IV, 151; V, 344. Ennobled, V, 342.
• CALABRE (Jean d’Anjou et de Lorraine, duke of), V, 280.
• CALAIS. The town of —, IV, 475, 477, 531. Pierre Cauchon goes there on commission, V, 194.
• CALCIATORIS (Jacques), witness at Cardinal d’Estouteville’s inquiry, II, 310. Prior of the Dominicans of Évreux, II, 262; III, 37; speaks for the prior of Beauvais, II, 268.
• CALDRINI (Gaspar), cited, III, 450.
• CALLIXTUS III, pope, II, 72, 98; III, 368; V, 86. Charles VII writes to him to obtain the revision of the trial, V, 84. His bull authorising this revision, II, 95; III, 236.
• CALOT (Laurent), secretary of the king of England, III, 161, 166, 243; V, 200, 203. Insults Cauchon, III, 90. Guides Joan’s hand to sign her abjuration, III, 123.
• CAMBRÉSIS (le), handed over to the English, IV, 301.
• CAMBRIDGE. Manuscript of the Maid’s trial at —, V, 409, 460.
• CAMBRA. See Chambre (Guillaume de la).
• CAMPO-ROTONDO. See Champrond.
• CAMUS or LACAMUS (Jacques), attends the condemnation trial, I, 454, 459. Visits Joan before her death, I, 482. Deposes after the execution, I, 482.
• CAMUS (Jean le), Orléanais, V, 259.
• SAINT-CANDE-LE-VIEUX, Sanctus Candidus senior, parish of Rouen, II, 15, 329; III, 150.
• CANONIST (the). See Jean.
• CANTERBURY. Proclamation at —, V, 164.
• CAPPORAL. See Poisieux.
• CAPITOL (the), at Rome, V, 46.
• CARDINAL OF ENGLAND (the). See Winchester.
• CARDOT (Jean), grand vicar at Beauvais, II, 135.
• CARINTHIA. Superstition of the women of —, III, 457.
• CARLIER (Barthelemi), deputy of Tournai to Charles VII, V, 124.
• CARMELITES. General of the —. See Soret. Prior of the — of Paris, IV, 454. Church of the — at Orléans, IV, 102.
• CARRÉ or CARNET (Pierre), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 69, 382, 405, 460. His determination on Joan, I, 358. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426. His sentence, I, 466.
• CARRELIER (Jean), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 29.
• CASSE (Henriet), horseman of the count of Vendôme, V, 268.
• CASTIGLIONE (de) and CASTILIUS. See Châtillon (Jean de).
• CASTIGLIONE (Zanone da), bishop of Lisieux, gives his opinion on Joan, I, 365.
• CASTILE. Ambassador of — in France, author of a history of the Maid, V, 374.
• CASTILE (Juan II, king of). Charles VII on the point of taking refuge with him, IV, 509. Receives ambassadors of the false Joan of Arc, V, 330.
• CASTILLE (Étienne), locksmith of Rouen, III, 155.
• CASTRES (bishop of). See Machet.
• CATELEU (Eustache), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382.
• CATHERINE (Saint). How she appears to Joan, I, 71, 72, 74, 85, 93, 153, 177, 235, 268, 329; IV, 468, 469. Reverence Joan pays her, I, 167, 168, 186, 187, 335, 395. Announced to Joan by Saint Michael, I, 170, 256. Touched by Joan, I, 185, 186, 239. Comforts Joan at Orléans, I, 79; at Beaurevoir, I, 267; at Rouen, I, 153, 155, 255, 281, 319. Speaks to her, I, 85, 107, 110, 117, 153, 181, 218. Joan promises her secrecy, I, 90, 139; makes her a vow of virginity, I, 127, 269. Comes sometimes without Joan calling her, I, 127. Charles VII asked by Joan to have faith in —, IV, 326. Forbids Joan to jump from the tower of Beaurevoir, I, 154, 169. Forgives her for having done it, I, 161, 261. Urges Joan to the sortie of Compiègne, IV, 438, 444. Reproaches Joan with her abjuration, I, 456. Invoked by her at her death, III, 159. Joan deceived by the devil in the guise of —, IV, 472.
• SAINTE-CATHERINE DE FIERBOIS, in Touraine, V, 106, 108. Arrival of the Maid at —, I, 56, 75, 222, 235. Sword of —, I, 76, 235; IV, 54, 93, 129, 212. Vow fulfilled at —, V, 165. Manuscript of the miracles of —, V, 164.
• SAINTE-CATHERINE DU MONT, at Rouen, abbey, IV, 337. See Conti, François (le).
• SAINTE-CATHERINE DU VAL-DES-ÉCOLIERS. Church of —, at Paris, IV, 254.
• CAUCHOIS (Guillaume le), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382.
• CAUCHOIS (Jean le), advocate of Rouen, V, 272.
• CAUCHON (Jean), lieutenant of the captain of Reims, IV, 292 note.
• CAUCHON (Pierre), native of the environs of Reims, IV, 190. Presented to the archbishopric of Rouen by the English government, I, 2. His steps to obtain that Joan be handed over, I, 4, 13; III, 134; V, 194; paid for, V, 194. Undertakes the trial willingly, II, 325; III, 137, 170; under the direction of the English council, IV, 202, 351. Proceeds against the Maid, I, 4, 15, 18, 20, 23, 32, 40, 112, 188, 189, 194, 326, 375, 402, 430; interrogates her, I, 45, 50, 60, 70, 81, 93, 113, 125, 181, 292, 324, 377, 400, 454; has her examined by matrons, II, 201, 217; III, 59; spies on her, III, 140. His partiality against her, II, 5, 7, 10, 303, 307, 349; III, 139, 152, 170, 173, 193; IV, 265. Intimidates the assessors and officers of the tribunal, II, 16, 221, 357; III, 139, 171. Gives Joan guards, I, 47; II, 307. Challenged by her, II, 349, 358; III, 52, 154. Asked to confess her, I, 131. Threatened by her, I, 62, 154. Reduces the attendance before whom the trial was held, I, 111; II, 202, 218; III, 59. Holder of a ring of the Maid, I, 86, 87, 237. Offers her counsel, I, 201, 379; II, 343, 351. Speaks of putting her to the torture, I, 400, 402. Object of Joan’s voices, I, 279; sends her a carp, III, 49; has her answers reduced to twelve articles, I, 327. See Articles. Admonishes her in her illness, I, 377. Summarises the cause before the assessors, I, 382, 405, 460. Concludes, I, 442. Pronounces the sentence, I, 446, 471; III, 165; IV, 460; mitigates it after the abjuration, I, 450. Murmurs of the English against him, II, 21, 355, 361, 376; III, 55, 61, 90, 130, 147, 156, 184. Joyful at the relapse, II, 5, 8, 305; III, 164. Allows Joan to confess and communicate, I, 473; II, 158; visits her on the morning of her death, I, 481; II, 478; III, 61, 169. Weeps at the moment of the execution, II, 352. Receives reparation for an insult on Joan’s account, I, 493, 495; III, 156. Receives a copy of the trial, III, 135. His seal at the foot of one of the expeditions, V, 393. Subscribes the safeguard of the judges, III, 243. Questions about his competence as judge, II, 56, 64, 216; III, 282. His domicile at Rouen, I, 27; II, 14; III, 137. Bishop of Lisieux at his death, II, 194. Dies suddenly, III, 165. His heirs, II, 194. Considerations for his memory during the rehabilitation, II, 96, 267; III, 370.
• PETIT-CAUX, Parvus Caletus, archdeaconry of the diocese of Rouen, II, 353; III, 182.
• CAVE (Pierre), attends the condemnation trial, I, 81.
• CAXTON (William), his testimony on the Maid, IV, 476.
• CAYET (Simon), witness to Jean Rivel’s request, I, 196.
• CAYROL (Guillaume), abbot of Saint-Crépin of Soissons, present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 372.
• CAYROT (Guillaume), abbot of Saint-Crépin of Soissons, present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 372.
• CAYA (Nicolas), attends the condemnation trial, I, 69, 81, 196, 202, 334, 382, 405, 459; without having been summoned, III, 178. Claims to have heard Joan only once, II, 336. His determination on Joan, I, 349. His sentence, I, 466. Absent at the condemnation, II, 336; III, 179. Deposes in 1452, II, 333. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41. Produced, II, 191. Recalled, II, 45, 178.
• CELESTINES. Prior of the — of Paris, IV, 454.
• CENSURE (Pierre de la), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 32.
• CERF-VOLANT, synonym of Charles VII in the prophecies, V, 8.
• CERQUENCEAUX (the abbot of), French partisan at Orléans, IV, 107.
• CHABANNES (Jacques de), seneschal of Bourbonnais, at the defence of Orléans, IV, 101, 106, 110, 116, 117, 119. Appointed captain at Creil, IV, 394. Takes part in the Pont-l’Évêque undertaking, IV, 398.
• CHABOT (Jean), killed at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 124.
• CHAILLOT, near Paris, V, 51.
• CHAILLY (Denis de), at the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 43, 116, 117, 141 note, 158.
• CHALCONDYLES (Laonic), his testimony on Joan, IV, 529.
• CHÂLONS-SUR-MARNE. Joan at —, II, 391, 423. The inhabitants of — protest their devotion to the Burgundian cause, IV, 291; receive the French, IV, 18, 46, 76, 184, 298; V, 64; send the keys of their city to Charles VII, IV, 379, 499; V, 130, 353. The bishop of —, V, 64; at the coronation, V, 128.
• CHAMBRE (chamber). Vaucouleurs called — of the king by Joan, II, 436. Orléans — of the king, V, 313. — of the town at Orléans, V, 260. Chef de —, military grade, IV, 410. — des comptes. See Comptes.
• CHAMBRE (Guillaume de la), attends the condemnation trial, I, 92, 196, 202, 382, 405, 460; III, 50; visits Joan as physician, III, 48, 50. His sentence, I, 466; it was torn from him by violence, III, 50. Present at the execution, III, 53. Cited for the rehabilitation, III, 44; deposes, III, 49.
• CHAMPAGNE, conquest of — resolved by Joan, IV, 20.
• CHAMPEAUX (Jean de), deposes for the rehabilitation trial, III, 29.
• CHAMPENOIS (Léonard), canon of Tours, V, 154.
• CHAMPIER (Symphorien), author on the Maid, IV, 344 note.
• CHAMPION DES DAMES (le), cited, V, 44.
• CHAMPROND (Enguerran de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 190.
• CHAMPS (Gilles des), attends the condemnation trial, I, 40, 49, 59, 69, 81, 382, 405. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199. His determination on Joan, I, 347. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 137; III, 262.
• CHAMPS (Guillaume des), canon of Rouen, I, 354.
• CHAMPS (Imbert des), alderman of Paris, IV, 464.
• CHANCET (Richard de), president at the parlement of Paris, IV, 456.
• CHANDO (Jean), witness on Joan, III, 192.
• CHANDOS (standard of), at the capture of the Tourelles, IV, 103.
• CHANTELOUP (Jean), Orléanais, V, 310.
• CHAPELAIN (Jean), visits the Maid at Drugy, V, 360, 361.
• CHAPELLE (Guillaume de la), at the defence of Orléans, V, 287.
• CHAPELLE (Jean de la), chronicler of Saint-Riquier, V, 357.
• CHAPELLE (Pierre de la), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 98.
• CHAPELLE (the lord of La), V, 107. The lady of La —, V, 111.
• LA CHAPELLE-SAINT-DENIS, IV, 25, 26, 27, 48, 86, 87, 198; V, 70.
• CHAPIZAULT (Simon), witness at the first rehabilitation acts, II, 112. Instituted promoter of the rehabilitation, II, 152. Acts in that capacity, II, 155, 158, 191, 196, 378; III, 30, 33, 128, 255, 256, 259, 351, 352. Summarises the irregularities of the first trial, II, 198. Goes to Orléans to Isabelle d’Arc, II, 283. Gives his conclusions, III, 275. Requests the act of the rehabilitation sentence, III, 362.
• CHARDON (Jean), treasurer of the duke of Orléans, V, 214.
• CHARDON (Pierre), notable of Reims, V, 141.
• LA CHARITÉ-SUR-LOIRE. Siege of — resolved, III, 217; V, 146, 147; advised, IV, 180, 246; Joan diverted from going there by Catherine de la Rochelle, I, 108; goes there without a revelation, I, 147, 169. Summons to the captain of —, IV, 245. Joan at —, I, 109, 250, 298; forced to lift the siege, IV, 31, 49, 91; V, 72. The towns contribute to the supplies of the siege of —, V, 146, 147, 148, 269, 356.
• CHARLEMAGNE (saint), protector of France, III, 6, 7; IV, 208, 219. Proposed as a model to Charles VII, V, 34. The reign of Charles VII compared to that of —, IV, 325. The era of — renewed by Charles VII’s son, III, 464. Confused with Clovis, IV, 479. Character in Varanius’s poem, V, 87, 88.
• CHARLEMAGNE (island), before Orléans, V, 292.
• CHARLES (Simon), president of the chamber of accounts, on embassy to Venice at the Maid’s arrival, III, 115. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 114.
• CHARLES VII. His distress at Joan’s arrival, III, 85, 400; IV, 127, 325, 338, 509; V, 340. Recognised by her, III, 116, 192; IV, 53, 127, 207, 270, 300, 332; V, 52. Refuses to believe her, III, 82, 115; IV, 362. The only one to whom Joan disclosed her revelations, I, 45. Receives a secret from her, III, 103, 116, 209; IV, 128, 258, 270, 278, 280; V, 133. The respect she has for him, V, 120. By what sign he recognises her, I, 75, 90, 91, 119, 121, 126, 134, 139, 282, 330, 396, 479, 480, 481, 484. Asked by her to hold his kingdom from God, III, 91. Promises he makes at her request, III, 91; IV, 486; V, 34. Goes with her to Poitiers, III, 209; IV, 214, 363; V, 119. Receives the archbishop of Embrun’s advice about her, III, 391. Receives her after the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 497; V, 295. Goes to meet her, IV, 496; V, 119. Pays homage to her services, V, 103, 343. Softens towards her, III, 116. Pressed by her to go to Reims, III, 12; IV, 11, 18, 69, 167, 235, 246, 497, 509; V, 134. Discouraged before Troyes, IV, 73, 75. His coronation, I, 91, 104; IV, 19, 77; V, 128. Knighted by the duke of Alençon, IV, 20, 77, 186; V, 128. His return from Reims, III, 199; IV, 20, 46, 79. Will do nothing more after the coronation, IV, 30, 37. Would have subdued Picardy by showing himself there, IV, 391. Grants a truce to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 394; V, 174. Challenged by the duke of Bedford, IV, 384. Rides before his army at Montépilloy, IV, 83, 434. Forced by the Maid to come to Saint-Denis, IV, 25. Draws up in battle array the day she attacks Paris, IV, 392. Prevents her from returning there, IV, 28. Displeased that she broke her sword, IV, 71. Exempts the villages of Greux and Domrémy from taxes, V, 138. Ennobles the d’Arc family, V, 150, 230; and several companions-at-arms of the Maid, V, 342, 363. Welcomes an inspired shepherd from the Gévaudan, V, 163. Defended by Joan at Rouen, II, 15, 17, 353; III, 56, 168, 190. Cannot prevent Joan’s martyrdom, IV, 281; V, 84. Grieved by her death, IV, 518. Receives letters from the false Joan of Arc, V, 327; discovers her imposture, IV, 284. Regards himself as harmed by the Maid’s condemnation, II, 70. Orders the first steps for the revision of the trial, II, 1. Requests the pope’s authorisation, V, 77, 84. Has all the doctors of Europe consulted, II, 71; addresses several in his kingdom, III, 306; IV, 355. His eulogy by the inhabitants of Châlons, IV, 298; by Gui de Laval, V, 107. His epitaph, V, 23. His statue on the Maid’s monument, V, 222, 223, 240, 242. Vigils of —, V, 51.
• CHARLES VIII. Chronicle written for — while still dauphin, IV, 256. Anecdote of the court of — on the secret revealed by the Maid, IV, 279.
• CHARMES (Simon de), lieutenant of the captain of Monteclaire, II, 453.
• CHARMETTES (M. Le Brun de), historian of Joan of Arc, cited, III, 101; IV, 358, 425, 456, 460.
• CHARNY (the sire of), sent to Charles VII by the duke of Burgundy, IV, 48, 201.
• CHARPENTIER (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 58, 69, 381. His determination on Joan, I, 337.
• CHARRIER (Guillaume), receiver-general of finances in France, V, 257, 261.
• CHARRON (Guillaume le), bourgeois of Orléans, makes supplies for the town’s festival, V, 309. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 27.
• CHARTES. See Trésor des Chartes.
• CHARTIER (Alain), author of a letter on the Maid, V, 131.
• CHARTIER (Étienne), valet de ville at Orléans, V, 311, 312.
• CHARTIER (Guillaume), bishop of Paris, II, 73; III, 368. Delegated by Callixtus III for the rehabilitation, II, 95; V, 86; sits there as judge, II, 82, 92, 136, 137, 206, 262, 266, 281, 284, 286, 288; III, 47, 255, 256, 258, 329, 351; V, 77. Interrogates the witnesses of Paris, III, 47, 77; of Rouen, III, 128; V, 77. Consults the bishop of Avranches, III, 318. Had no seal of his own at the moment of the sentence, III, 354. Gives his church a copy of the trial, V, 78, 218, 451.
• CHARTIER (Jean), chronicler of France. His testimony on the Maid, IV, 51; reproduced in several chronicles, IV, 95, 203, 256; V, 51. His testimony on the Shepherd, IV, 173.
• CHARTRES. Nicolas Loiselleur helps lift the French siege of —, II, 10. Salisbury at —, V, 286. French astrologer prisoner at —, IV, 345. Captain of —. See Arc (Jean d’). Bailiff of —. See Armagnac (Thibaud d’). Vidame of —, IV, 174, 239.
• CHARTRES (Régnault de), archbishop of Reims, at Orléans during the siege, IV, 130. Witness of the sign brought to the king by Joan, I, 119, 140, 143, 285, 396, 401. Examiner of Joan, III, 171, 203, 357; IV, 208. Sent to Blois to prepare help for Orléans, III, 4; IV, 54, 55, 221. Wants to make the French who reached Troyes fall back, IV, 73, 182; V, 62. Writes to the inhabitants of Reims, IV, 297, 380. Crowns Charles VII at Reims, IV, 19, 77, 186, 380; V, 65, 128. The inhabitants of Reims write to him, V, 141. Goes on embassy to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 390. Questions Joan about the time of her death, III, 14. Put in charge of the government of the Beauvaisis, IV, 394; V, 172. Does not want the duke of Alençon and Joan to be together, IV, 30. Induces the inhabitants of Compiègne to submit to the duke of Burgundy, V, 175. Stays at Compiègne in 1430, IV, 49. Disparages Joan after her capture, V, 168.
• CHASTELLAIN (Georges), author on the Maid, IV, 440; V, 90; had seen her, IV, 449.
• CHATEAUBRIANT (the lord of), IV, 175.
• CHATEAUBRUN. See Nailhac.
• CHATEAUDUN (the town of), sends help to Orléans, IV, 144, 145, 150, 205, 222. Captain of —. See Villiers.
• CHÂTEAUNEUF-SUR-LOIRE. Charles VII goes there, IV, 245.
• CHÂTEAURENARD. Garrison of — sent to Orléans, IV, 222. Charles VII passes through —, IV, 48, 201.
• CHÂTEAU-THIERRY. The military leaders of Reims withdraw there, IV, 379. Embassy of the inhabitants of Reims to those of —, IV, 292. Surrender of — to the French, IV, 20, 46, 187, 381; V, 68. The Maid at —, I, 103; IV, 78, 80, 187, 188. The bearing she shows there, III, 199. Loose woman reprimanded by her at —, III, 73. Butterflies seen around her standard at —, I, 103. The place of — guarded by Poton de Saintrailles’ company, V, 141.
• CHÂTILLON, near Paris. The abbot of —, IV, 454.
• CHÂTILLON (Guillaume, lord of), captain of Reims, IV, 184; absent at the moment of the French arrival, IV, 292; makes his conditions for coming to defend the city, IV, 293; goes there and leaves at once, IV, 294, 379. Abandons Château-Thierry, IV, 381.
• CHÂTILLON (Jean de), lord of Troissy, writes to the inhabitants of Reims, IV, 296.
• CHÂTILLON (Jean, sometimes Hulot de), preaches at Rouen against Joan’s orthodoxy, V, 84, 89. Attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 189, 194, 196, 202, 381, 399, 404, 430, 443, 459. Ill-treated by Cauchon, III, 139. Evicted from the hearings, II, 329; III, 153. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 423. His determination on Joan, I, 351. Charged with admonishing Joan, I, 384; III, 60. His admonition, I, 386. His sentence, I, 463. Attends the execution, I, 469.
• CHAUMONT-EN-BASSIGNY, bailliage, I, 209; V, 115, 138, 150, 210. Bailiff of —, II, 406; V, 153. See Torcenay.
• CHAUMONT-SUR-LOIRE (the lord of), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 101; at the journey to Reims, IV, 180.
• CHAUSSIER. See Calciatoris.
• CHAUVIGNY (Gui de), lord of Châteauroux, at the Patay expedition, IV, 174, 180, 238, 242; V, 108.
• CHAVANNES (M. de), owner of the d’Urfé manuscript, V, 447.
• CHÉCY. The Maid at —, IV, 151, 152; V, 290; III, 78. Mentioned, V, 214, 344.
• CHEMILÉ (Jean), canon of Tours, V, 154, 155.
• CHEMINON (abbey of), V, 252.
• CHEMYN (Lucas du), lord of Feron, descendant of the d’Arc family, V, 249.
• CHENU, church notary at Orléans, V, 303.
• CHESNE (Bertrand du), de Quercu, consulted on the procedure, I, 429. See Duchesne.
• CHESNEAU (Poterne), at Orléans, IV, 97, 104, 132.
• HORSE. Joan loved horses, V, 120; rides from childhood, IV, 361, 523; for the first time before the duke of Lorraine, IV, 331; to come from Vaucouleurs into France, IV, 469; V, 118; before the king, IV, 510. She had never ridden before her arrival in France, IV, 361. Tries a — at Chinon, IV, 526. Asks for the — of the late dauphin, V, 38. Another — given to the Maid by the duke of Alençon, III, 66, 92; by the king, V, 267; by the duke of Brittany, V, 264. The — of the bishop of Senlis taken by the Maid, I, 104, 160, 264. The town of Orléans pays for the Maid’s horses, V, 260. Which — the Maid had at Selles-en-Berry, V, 107; at the sortie of Compiègne, I, 118. Stone she used to help her mount at Poitiers, IV, 537. Bronze horse, instrument of Joan’s execution, IV, 535.
• CHICHE (Girard de), cited for the rehabilitation, III, 44.
• CHICHERY (Regnauld de), informs in Lorraine for the rehabilitation, II, 205, 382, 464.
• CHINON. Arrival of the Maid at —, I, 56, 75, 142, 143, 233; II, 438, 458; III, 4, 16, 22, 66, 77, 82, 91, 115, 192; IV, 3, 41, 126, 207, 300, 313, 315, 361, 524; V, 118. She lodges there with Guillaume Bellier, III, 17; is examined there, I, 75; III, 17, 92, 115; IV, 208, 270, 326, 362, 434; V, 31, 52, 118, 133, 289; is brought back there from Poitiers, III, 102. Charles VII learns of the deliverance of Orléans there, V, 104; returns there after the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 10; after the Reims journey, IV, 314.
• CHOISY-SUR-AISNE submits to the French, IV, 391. Retaken by the English and Burgundians, IV, 49, 50, 397, 438; V, 73, 176. Bridge of —, IV, 49, 437. Demolition of the fortress of —, IV, 397, 399.
• CHRISTINE, queen of Sweden. Manuscripts of —. See Vatican.
• CHRONICLE. See the qualifiers.
• CHRONOGRAMS on the Maid, III, 338; IV, 273, 275, 313, 314, 323, 481.
• CHUPPART (maître Jean), notable of Paris, IV, 454.
• CHUFPORT, for Suffolk. See Pole.
• CIBOULE (Robert), chancellor of the church of Paris, gives his opinion on Joan’s trial, III, 326. Notice on his memoir, V, 467.
• CINQUE PORTS. Warden of the — in England, V, 194.
• CLAIROIX, near Compiègne, Burgundian post, IV, 399, 401, 441, 445; V, 176. The mount of —, IV, 33.
• CLASSIDAS. See Glasdale.
• CLAUDE, name taken by the false Joan of Arc, V, 321, 324. See Joan of Arc (false).
• CLEMENT VII, antipope, I, 245.
• CLERC (Denys le), chaplain of Beauvais cathedral, II, 278.
• CLERC (Jean le), Orléanais, V, 262.
• CLERC (Thiesselin le), inhabitant of Domrémy, II, 395.
• CLERMONT-FERRAND, provides munitions for the siege of La Charité, V, 146. Commissioners sent to — for the rehabilitation, II, 282.
• CLERMONT EN BEAUVAISIS (count of). See Bourbon (Charles de).
• CLÉRY (Notre-Dame church of), pillaged by the English, IV, 102, 347; V, 286, 288.
• CLINCHAMP (P. de), canon of Rouen, I, 354.
• BELLS. Joan had them rung at the village, II, 413; on her journeys, III, 14; at Orléans, IV, 231; knelt at the sound of the —, II, 420, 424; IV, 352.
• COLIN (Jean), priest of Domrémy, questioned for the rehabilitation, II, 431; in the inquiry made by the English, II, 463.
• COLIN (Colin), questioned at Domrémy, II, 432.
• CLOVIS, first king of France, IV, 513.
• COARRAZE or COURRAZE (Raimond Arnaut, lord of), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 98, 116, 141, 158; at the deliverance of that city, IV, 43; at Jargeau, IV, 167.
• CŒUR-DE-LYS, poursuivant-at-arms, V, 327.
• COIFFE (Pierre le), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109.
• COLETIER (Jean), notable of Paris, IV, 456.
• COLLEZ (Jean), the king’s mounted courier, V, 260.
• COLLES (Guillaume) or Boisguillaume, church notary, I, 4, 8, 37, 138, 341, 475; II, 326. Designated by Manchon, III, 137. His institution as clerk at the Maid’s trial, I, 25. Takes office, I, 31. His place at the hearing, III, 146. Reprimanded by Joan, III, 201. Forced to spy on her, III, 141. Instruments the determination of twenty-two of the assessors, I, 344. Called to certify the relapse, III, 164. How he stopped his drafting, III, 160. Translates the trial into Latin, II, 156. Signs the abridgement of the trial, III, 145, 387. Cited for the rehabilitation, III, 44. Re-summoned, III, 45, 160. Recognises the draft of the twelve articles, III, 143. Recognises his signature at the foot of the trial, III, 160. Witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, III, 227.
• COLLES (Michel), the same as the preceding (?), II, 326.
• COLLETET (Guillaume), communicates to Symphorien Guyon a piece on the Maid, IV, 277.
• COLOGNE. The false Joan of Arc at —, V, 323, 325. Church of —, III, 461.
• COLOMBEL (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 49, 59, 69, 81, 92, 196, 202, 382, 405, 460; at the abjuration, I, 444. His determination on Joan, I, 358. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426. His sentence, I, 466.
• COMBAREL (Hugues de), bishop of Poitiers, one of the Maid’s examiners, III, 92.
• COMITIS or LE COMTE (Denys), church notary, II, 95, 112, 121, 131, 265, 276, 284; III, 39, 221, 229, 236, 252, 264, 362. Instituted clerk of the rehabilitation, II, 152. Absent from Paris at the final examination of the trial pieces, III, 332. His autograph signature, V, 448, 449, 457, 460.
• COMMERCY (Robert de Sarrebruck, damoiseau de), comes to the king of France, IV, 47, 77, 185; V, 65. Knighted by the king’s hand, IV, 381. Besieges the fortress of Montaigu, IV, 396.
• COMMINES (the lord of), at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 441.
• COMMON PEOPLE (gens du commun), in the Maid’s following, IV, 12, 13, 18, 215, 222, 234, 247, 341; V, 107.
• COMMUNES (gens des), placed under Joan’s orders, V, 290, 292.
• COMMUNION, received by Joan, I, 51; II, 6, 186, 320, 334, 366, 450; III, 18, 22, 62, 67, 100, 104, 114, 129, 158, 168, 173; IV, 231, 322; three times in one day, IV, 474; before her death, I, 475; II, 158; without having been released from excommunication, III, 149.
• COMMY (Cosme de), bourgeois of Orléans, deposes on the Maid, III, 27. Hosts the rehabilitation judges, V, 277.
• COMPAING (Jacquet), bourgeois of Orléans, V, 259, 262, 269.
• COMPAING (Pierre), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 32.
• COMPIÈGNE, handed back to the French, IV, 23, 47, 80, 190, 389. The Maid at — with the king, IV, 24, 47, 85, 196, 435; V, 69. Treaty concluded with the duke of Burgundy at —, IV, 174. Besieged by the English and Burgundians, IV, 32, 92, 399, 438, 441; V, 73, 175. Joan at the defence of —, I, 114, 236; IV, 32, 49, 50, 398, 438, 443. Sortie of —, I, 114, 116, 207, 298; IV, 33, 92, 261, 400, 439, 444, 446, 458, 516; V, 166, 176. Joan induced to the sortie of — by her voices, IV, 438, 443. Capture of Joan at —, I, 116, 207; II, 353; IV, 34, 92, 314, 344, 346, 351, 401, 428, 459, 467, 475, 477, 506; V, 73, 167, 177. Joan betrayed at —, IV, 272, 312, 346. Her revelations on the deliverance of —, I, 110, 267; IV, 35; her attachment to the town of —, I, 271, 334. Deliverance of —, V, 74, 369. Causeway before —, IV, 399, 400, 441. The royal house or palace of —, IV, 389. Bridge gate of —, IV, 400. Bridge and mills of — destroyed, V, 177. Saint-Jacques church of —, IV, 272. Great tower and cross of —, V, 373. Abbot of Saint-Corneille of —, I, 399. Atournés of —. See Atournés. Captain of —. See Flavy.
• COMPOSTELLA. Itinerary of the pilgrims of —, IV, 535.
• COMPTES (chambre des). Extract from the black registers of the — of Brabant, IV, 425. Treatise on the Maid ratified at the — of Dauphiné, V, 474. Extract from the registers of the — of Paris, V, 227, 254. The — of Paris transferred to Poitiers, V, 153. Masters and clerks of the —, IV, 454. President of the —. See Charles (Simon).
• LE COMTE. See Comitis and Conte (Le).
• CONDEMNATION of Joan to perpetual imprisonment, I, 450; to abandonment to the secular arm, I, 471. Joan’s complaints against her —, II, 8; announced to the emperor of Germany and the princes of Europe, I, 485; to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 403; to the Parisians, IV, 459. Iniquity of the —, IV, 36, 93, 265, 275, 312, 344, 353; V, 76. Severity of Louis XI against the authors of the —, IV, 528. Account of the trial of —, III, 377; IV, 352. Summary of the trial of —, V, 410. The trial of — paid by the king of England, II, 317; V, 194, 196, 200; drafted in French, II, 156, 333; III, 135, 376; V, 385, 397; in Manchon’s hand, III, 376; V, 442; put into Latin by the clerks, II, 156; III, 135, 196; expedited in authentic form, III, 135, 160. Remaining fragments of the minute, I, 95; V, 386. Manuscripts of the trial of —, II, 23, 156; III, 135, 330; V, 77, 387, 392. Disagreement between its various redactions, IV, 256, 266; V, 413. King’s order for the surrender of all the trial papers of —, II, 2. Deposit of the trial of — before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 156, 158; III, 135, 330; V, 443. Demand of the d’Arc family’s procurators against the —, II, 190, 260. Reasons of law against the trial of —, II, 139, 199, 212; III, 265, 275; IV, 355. The trial of — annulled by the rehabilitation sentence, III, 361; IV, 355; V, 77; translated into French by order of Louis XII, IV, 254, 266; V, 411; and in the seventeenth century, V, 403.
• CONFESSION. Joan confessed often at the village, I, 51; II, 396, 398, 400, 402, 404, 415; at Vaucouleurs, II, 446; at Neufchâteau, I, 54; at the army, II, 455; III, 18, 104; before attacking the enemy, III, 34; she exhorted the men-at-arms to —, III, 32, 78, 81, 104, 106. Her — received by Jean Colin, II, 432; by friar Richard, II, 450; by Henri Arnolin, II, 459; by Loiselleur, III, 60; by Pierre Morice, III, 50; by Jean Pasquerel, III, 101, 106, 108; by Robert Baignart, III, 119; by Nicolas de Queuville, III, 124; by Martin Ladvenu, III, 158. Requested by Joan from her judges, I, 47, 131; II, 299; granted, I, 473; II, 6, 334.
• CONRAD (maître), foreign ambassador in France, V, 134.
• COUNCIL. The king’s — resolves to make use of Joan, III, 93, 102, 115, 203, 299; IV, 41, 53, 510. The king’s — at Poitiers, III, 203, 209. The grand — of Burgundy inclined to peace with France, IV, 390. The — of England decides that Joan shall be tried, V, 84; appoints the trial clerks, III, 37; pays the judges, V, 200, 202, 204, 206. A judicial — refused Joan at the beginning of her trial, II, 334, 366; III, 166; granted at the end, I, 343, 351.
• CONSTANCE (council of), III, 462.
• CONTE (Guillaume le), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 234, 353.
• CONTE (Vaste le), German agent in France, V, 352.
• CONTES (Louis de), surnamed Mugot, III, 124; and Imerguet, IV, 211. Dwells with Joan at the Couldray, III, 66. Becomes her page, III, 67; IV, 129. Gives her a horse to go to Saint-Loup, III, 68, 124, 212; IV, 223. Has not seen her again since the siege of Paris, III, 73. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 65.
• CONTI (Guillaume de), abbot of Sainte-Catherine of Rouen, attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80.
• COPPEGUESNE (Nicolas), attends the condemnation trial, I, 6, 27, 28, 30, 31, 39, 48, 58, 69, 81, 92, 188, 189, 202, 354, 381, 404, 459; V, 272; at the abjuration, I, 443. His determination on Joan, I, 337. His opinion on the torture, I, 403; on the procedure, I, 427. His sentence, I, 465.
• COQUEREL (Hector de), chosen to second Cardinal d’Estouteville, V, 218. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 120, 208, 270, 276, 287, 290; III, 38, 261, 362, 373. Sub-delegated judge of the rehabilitation, III, 376; sits in that capacity, III, 222, 226, 230, 246, 248, 252.
• CORBEIL. Retreat of the English to —, IV, 69, 78, 178, 244, 424, 453. Bedford at —, IV, 187, 453. Arrest of two visionary women at —, IV, 467. The prior of —, IV, 454.
• CORBENY or CORBIGNIACUM (abbey of Saint-Marcoul of). The king and the Maid at —, III, 199; IV, 20, 78, 187, 381, 433, 514; V, 67.
• CORBIE, ready to submit to the French, IV, 391.
• CORDELIERS (church of the), at Orléans, IV, 102.
• CORDIER (Jean), author of an authentic copy of the rehabilitation trial, V, 457.
• CORGUILLERAY (Jean de), abbot of Saint-Ouen, present at the rehabilitation acts, II, 208, 276, 384.
• CORMEILLES (Bureau de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 92, 382, 405. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426. His determination on Joan, I, 358.
• CORMEILLES (abbey of). See Bonnet, Segré.
• CORMIER, secretary of the duke of Orléans, V, 114.
• SAINT-CORNEILLE of Compiègne. See Dacier.
• COSNE. Siege of — advised, IV, 180, 246; resolved, V, 148. Summons to the captain of —, IV, 245.
• COSSA (Balthazar de), contender for the papacy, III, 462.
• COTELLE (Pierre), procurator-general of the bishop of Beauvais, II, 135.
• COTEREAU, church notary at Orléans, V, 306.
• COTTE (De), owner of an original manuscript of the trial, V, 394.
• COUDUN, village near Compiègne. The duke of Burgundy lodges there, IV, 399, 400, 441, 443; V, 167, 176. Fortress of —, IV, 399.
• COUETTE (Thomas), Carmelite, condemned by the Inquisition, V, 45.
• COUIES (?), Englishman killed at Orléans, IV, 230.
• COULANGE-LA-VINEUSE, in the Auxerrois, I, 77. Handed back to the French, IV, 247.
• COULDRAY (Le), in Touraine, the Maid stays there, III, 66.
• COULOMMIERS, in Brie. Submission of —, IV, 78, 187. Charles VII and the Maid at —, IV, 21.
• COULON (Jean), one of those who brought the Maid into France, III, 75.
• COULON (Jean), Orléanais, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 34.
• COULONCES (Jean de la Haye, baron of), at the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 156, 157, 158, 164, 165; V, 291, 348.
• COULONS (Jean de), Orléanais. Guillemette his wife deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 33.
• COURCELLES (Thomas de), summoned from Paris for the condemnation trial, III, 57, 62; attends it, I, 30, 31, 34, 58, 69, 81, 92, 143, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 323, 381, 404, 434, 459; at the abjuration, I, 443; III, 61; and at the execution, I, 470; III, 62. Interrogates the Maid, II, 16. Reads the articles of the accusation drawn against her, I, 201. His opinion on the procedure, I, 200, 428. His determination on Joan, I, 337; interpretation he gives of it later, III, 58. His opinion on the torture, I, 403. Works on the indictment, III, 135. His sentence, I, 466; which he restricts later, II, 58. Visits Joan on the morning of her death, I, 478; III, 61. Deposes after her death, I, 483. Charged with translating the trial into Latin, II, 349; III, 135. Paid for his participation in the trial, V, 197, 200, 209. Cited for the rehabilitation, III, 44. Deposes, III, 56. Questioned on the first inquiry made in Joan’s country, II, 380; III, 58. Panegyrist of Joan, V, 89.
• COURTENAY. Charles VII passes through —, IV, 48, 201.
• COUSSEY or CURXEILM, near Neufchâteau, II, 399.
• COUTANCES (bishop of). See Longueuil, Montjeu.
• COYNCES (Les), place near Patay, IV, 242.
• CRAVANT. Battle of —, V, 67. The town of — surrenders to the French, V, 247.
• CRÉCY-EN-BRIE. Submission of —, IV, 78, 187; V, 68.
• CREIL submits to the French, IV, 391. Guarded by Jacques de Chabannes, IV, 394.
• CRÉPY-EN-VALOIS. The French at —, IV, 21, 46, 80, 84, 188, 386, 433; V, 69; leave it and return, IV, 23, 47, 190, 389, 435. Joan would have wished to die there, III, 14; stays there again in 1430, I, 114; IV, 32. Encounter of Burgundians and French near —, IV, 398. French garrison at —, IV, 436.
• CRÉQUI (Jean de), at Montépilloy, IV, 387, 433. Defends Paris, IV, 393. At the siege of Compiègne, IV, 400, 441, 445. Dangerously wounded in the fight where the Maid was taken, IV, 401, 439.
• CROCE (Geoffroy de), witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, III, 353.
• CROSS, given by Joan to the men-at-arms, V, 38. Presented to Joan at her last moments, II, 6, 20, 303; III, 159, 194. Erection of a — in the Maid’s honour requested, II, 190; III, 297; decreed, III, 361; carried out at Rouen, IV, 528. Fine — on the Orléans bridge, and boulevard of the same name, IV, 99, 104, 108, 110, 111, 115. — de Fleury near Orléans, IV, 149. — Boissée at Orléans, IV, 106, 110, 132. — Morin below Orléans, IV, 138, 155. — of Flavy at Compiègne, V, 373.
• SAINTE-CROIX, cathedral of Orléans, IV, 124, 156; V, 291, 296, 298, 300, 309, 311, 312. — de la Bretonnerie at Paris, IV, 454.
• CROIX (George de la), Burgundian captain, IV, 396.
• CROMWELL (the lord of), member of the grand council of England, III, 243.
• CROTAY (Geoffroy de or du), attends the condemnation trial, I, 40, 49, 59, 69, 81, 92, 196, 202, 382, 405, 460. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 426; his determination on Joan, I, 358; his sentence, I, 466. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 234, 353. See Croce.
• CROTOY (Le), fortress where Joan was imprisoned, I, 89; III, 121. Account of her stay at —, V, 361.
• CROY (Jean de), returns Château-Thierry to the French, IV, 381. Fights at Montépilloy, IV, 387, 433, 434. Lamed in that encounter, IV, 435. Fights before Compiègne, IV, 441.
• CROY (the lord of), IV, 444.
• CRUISY (Jean de), provisional clerk of the rehabilitation, II, 92, 120, 131; III, 375.
• CUGNOT or QUENAST (Jean), inhabitant of Marville, V, 322, 323.
• CUISE (forest of), or of Compiègne, V, 368. Joan enters Compiègne through the —, V, 176.
• CULAN (Louis de), admiral of France, at the defence of Orléans, IV, 108; which he leaves, IV, 130; to return there with Joan, III, 4, 93; IV, 41, 42. Present at the capture of the Tourelles, IV, 44; V, 56; at the expedition of the Loire banks, IV, 64, 242; V, 349. Besieges and takes Bonny, IV, 180. Attends the king’s coronation, IV, 46, 180, 185; V, 129. Left to defend Saint-Denis, IV, 89, 201.
• CUSQUEL (Pierre), saw Joan in prison, II, 346; warned her she was in danger of death, III, 179; heard her at Saint-Ouen, II, 346; III, 181; lacked the strength to attend the execution, III, 181. Deposes in 1452, II, 305, 345. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41. Re-summoned, III, 45, 179.
• DACIER (Jean), abbot of Saint-Corneille of Compiègne, attends the condemnation trial, I, 399.
• DAIX and DAY, for d’Arc, IV, 205; V, 150, 219, 220.
• DAIX (Jehannin), called Petit, rants against the Maid at Abbeville, V, 142.
• DALIE and DAELIS, for Du Lys, II, 387, 434, 464; V, 246. See Lys.
• DAMMARTIN-EN-GOËLE, Charles VII and Joan at —, IV, 21, 46, 188; near —, IV, 80.
• DAMPIERRE (the lord of), ambassador of Charles VII to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 390 note.
• DAMPIERRE (Jean de), alderman of Paris, IV, 464.
• DARON (Pierre), lieutenant of the bailiff of Rouen, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 199.
• DAUPHIN, name given by Joan to Charles VII, II, 444, 447, 448, 450, 456; III, 3, 12, 103; IV, 167, 206, 208, 304; V, 100; why, III, 20, 300. Same designation used by others, IV, 284, 290, 295, 340, 348, 427, 451, 477, 500, 508; V, 179, 353; by the king himself in his acts, IV, 303, 382. Title given to Charles VII’s son, V, 106, 146.
• DAUPHINÉ. Charles VII on the point of withdrawing there, IV, 127, 309. Given to be governed by Prince Louis, IV, 303. Chamber of accounts of —. See Comptes.
• DAUPHINOIS, designation of the fighters of the French party, IV, 432.
• DAUVARGNE or DAUVERGNE (Jean), church notary at Rouen, II, 157, 310, 377.
• DAVID (the king), appears to Joan, IV, 430.
• DEBRION (Gillet and Jean), bourgeois of Tours, V, 155.
• DELAFONTAINE. See Fontaine (Jean de la).
• DELAPIERRE. See Pierre (Is. de la).
• DELORME (Nicaise), abbot of Saint-Victor of Paris, has the Maid’s trials transcribed, V, 399; communicates the manuscript to Valeran de Varanis, V, 89.
• DELPHINAL (register), cited, IV, 303, 312 note.
• DEMETRIADE (bishop of). See Fabri (Jean).
• SAINT DENIS, did not appear to Joan, I, 127. Why she offered him her arms, I, 179, 305.
• SAINT-DENIS EN FRANCE. The Maid goes to lodge there, IV, 25, 47, 479; distributes pennants to the men-at-arms there, I, 236; breaks her sword there, III, 99; inspired to stay there, I, 57, 259; brought back from Paris to —, IV, 28, 88; V, 71; offers her armour in the church of —, I, 179, 304; IV, 29, 88, 89; V, 71. Charles VII at —, IV, 26, 46, 86, 88, 197, 392, 436, 456; V, 70. Bridge established at —, IV, 28. The town of — left in the keeping of the count of Vendôme, IV, 88, 201; abandoned by the French, IV, 29, 89; pillaged by the English, IV, 89. Henry VI brought to —, V, 170. The abbey of — in litigation with Notre-Dame of Paris, III, 301.
• SAINT-DENIS of Reims, abbey, IV, 185; V, 141.
• DEPOUNCHE (L.), canon of Rouen, I, 354.
• DESCH (Geoffroi), Metz notable, V, 322, 324.
• DESCH (Jean), secretary of the town of Metz, V, 355.
• DESERT (Guillaume du), canon of Rouen, I, 354, 460; attends the abjuration, II, 338. His sentence, I, 465. Attends the execution, II, 339. Employed in the first rehabilitation works, V, 215. Deposes in 1452, II, 334.
• DESFRICHES, councillor of Orléans, has the Maid’s monument restored, V, 238.
• DESJARDINS. See Jardins.
• DESLANDES (Jean), called Bonami, canon at Tours, V, 154, 155.
• DIEL (Regnauld), witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 353.
• DIEPPE. Joan’s passage at —, V, 361.
• DIERREY (Pierre de), subscribes Joan’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• GOD, called messire and sovereign lord by Joan, I, 96; II, 449, 456; III, 103, 109, 124; IV, 128, 209, 218, 223, 232. The Maid daughter of —, I, 130, 340; III, 12; wife of —, III, 119; message of —, IV, 10, 30; V, 146. Suzerain of the king of France, in Joan’s opinion, I, 241; III, 91; IV, 140, 288, 486. The Maid’s prayer to —, I, 279. “En nom Dé” or “au nom de —” and “Bon gré —”, Joan’s oath forms, I, 157; III, 5, 27, 30, 48, 98, 122, 124, 127, 199, 204, 205, 212; IV, 160, 206, 209, 362; V, 293; she disliked hearing the name of — sworn in vain, III, 206, 219; said she answered only to — for certain things, I, 393; III, 183.
• DIEULEWARD (Jean de), one of those who brought the Maid into France, II, 406.
• DINAN. See Beaumanoir.
• DOMAT (Gremond), French translator of the Dunfermline monk’s chronicle, IV, 482.
• DOMFRONT (bailiff of), V, 178.
• DOMINICANS. Prior of the — of Vienne, see Léonard; of Évreux, see Calciatoris; of Beauvais, see Morlaines. Convent of the — of Rouen, see Jacques (saint); of Nantes, II, 71. See Jacobins.
• DOMINICI (Dominique), ecclesiastical notary of Toul, II, 387, 465, 467.
• DOMPIERRE (Jean de), clerk of Argentan, V, 182, 190.
• DOMRÉMY, in the élection of Langres, IV, 204. Homeland of the Maid, I, 46, 209; II, 388, 393, 401, 403, 412, 417, 443, 449; III, 192, 198, 339; IV, 118, 205, 322, 325, 361; V, 113, 138, 150; where she was baptised, II, 388, 393, 395. Village of the French party, I, 65, 262. Hostile to those of Maxey, I, 66. Burned, II, 396. Exempted from taxes, V, 138, 139. Joan surnamed of —, V, 343; or the Maid of —, V, 248, 249, 251, 454. Obit of Joan’s parents founded at the church of —, II, 74 note. The Maid’s house at —, V, 244, 248. Priest of —. See Fronte, Colin, Minet. Witnesses questioned at —, II, 387, 401, 403, 405, 408, 410, 412, 465.
• DOVER. Proclamation at —, V, 163. Constable of the royal castle of —, V, 194.
• DOUX or DULCIS (Jean le), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 49, 59, 69, 81, 92, 196, 202, 382, 405, 460; at the abjuration, I, 444. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 426. His determination on Joan, I, 358. His opinion on the torture, I, 403. His sentence, I, 466.
• DRAPIER (Perrin le), questioned at Domrémy, II, 412.
• DREUX (count of). See Albret.
• DROUART (Jean), messenger of the town of Tours, V, 332.
• DRUGY. The Maid’s stay at the château of —, V, 358, 359.
• DUBEY (Alain), provost of Orléans, IV, 137.
• DUBOILLON (Olivier), bourgeois of Tours, V, 154.
• DUBOIS (Alexandre), architect of the Maid’s fountain at Rouen, V, 236.
• DUBOIS (Girard), notary of Orléans, V, 222, 224, 225.
• DUBOIS (M.), canon of Orléans, discusses a manuscript of the trial, IV, 256; V, 411.
• DUC or DUCIS (Laurent le), attends Joan’s trial, I, 382.
• DUCHESNE (André), preserved Perceval de Cagny for us, IV, 1.
• DUCHESNE (Bertrand). See Chesne.
• DUCHESNE (Jean), designated to lodge Joan at Bourges, III, 86.
• DUFOUR. See Four.
• DUFRESNOY. See Lenglet.
• DUGUÉ (Jean), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 137.
• DUGUET (C.), alderman of Reims, V, 141.
• DUISY (Guillaume), Orléans engineer, IV, 104.
• DULCIS. See Doux.
• DULIS. See Lys (du).
• DUN in Lorraine (Saubelet de), V, 328, 329.
• DUNFERMLINE (Monk of), confused with William Elphinstone, author on the Maid, IV, 482; V, 339; accompanied her the whole time of her mission, IV, 484.
• DUNOIS (count of). See Orléans (Jean bâtard d’).
• DUPONT (Guillaume), inhabitant of Abbeville, V, 142.
• DUPUY (the brothers). See Puy (du).
• DUPUY (Jean), host of the Maid at Tours, III, 401. See Lapau.
• DUPUY (Jean), councillor of the queen of Sicily at Tours, V, 154.
• DUREMONT (Gilles de), abbot of Fécamp, attends the condemnation trial, I, 5, 27, 28, 29, 31, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 188, 195, 202, 404, 459; III, 137. Interrogates Joan, III, 51. Partial against her, III, 153. Attends the abjuration, I, 443. Has Nicolas de Houppeville released from prison, II, 326; III, 172. His opinion on the interrogatories, II, 358; on the procedure, I, 199, 423. His determination on Joan, I, 344. His sentence, I, 463. In danger of death from the English, III, 178. Subscribes the safeguard of the judges, III, 243.
• DURETAL. The garrison of — at the Patay expedition, IV, 316.
• DUVAL (Guillaume), vicar of the Inquisition, attends the condemnation trial, then deposes in 1450, II, 9.
• DUVAL (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59.
• DU VAL (Jean), vicomte of Argentan, V, 180.
• SCOTS (the), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 119, 130, 141 note. At the battle of Patay, IV, 479. At the Reims journey, IV, 433. At the Montépilloy encounter, IV, 388. Joan’s anger against a —, III, 81. A — owner of a portrait of Joan, I, 100, 292.
• SCOTLAND. Charles VII on the point of withdrawing there, IV, 280; V, 339. King of —. See Jacques. Lords of — at the Reims journey, IV, 433. Constable of —. See Stuart. Fighters of the country of —, IV, 119, 130.
• SCOTLAND (Margaret of), married to the dauphin Louis, V, 32 note; what Joan says of her, II, 436.
• ÉCRIVAIN or SCRIPTORIS (Rolland l’), astrologer of Paris, IV, 536. Attends Joan’s trial, I, 92.
• ÉDILE. See Barré.
• CHURCH. Terms of Joan’s submission to the —, I, 162, 166, 174, 175, 205, 313, 324, 336, 377, 379, 380, 392, 397, 401, 441, 445, 446, 456, 482; II, 333; III, 132, 169, 176, 181, 190. Explanation given to Joan about the —, I, 175; II, 13, 308. Joan did not understand this word at first, II, 351, 362; faithful to the —, I, 208; II, 22, 221, 253, 302, 358, 366. Deception of Joan’s judges about her submission to the —, II, 175; she is advised not to submit to the —, II, 327, 332; III, 162. Prophecy announcing the pacification of the — by the Maid, V, 16.
• ÉGREVILLE. See Aigreville.
• ELINCOURT, near Compiègne, V, 165.
• ELPHINSTONE (William). See Dunfermline.
• EMBRUN (archbishop of). See Gelu.
• EMENGART (Erard), attends the condemnation trial, I, 58, 69, 80, 92, 189, 195, 202, 381, 404, 459. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 424. His determination on Joan, I, 337. His sentence, I, 464.
• SWORD. Joan did not use one, III, 205; — of Fierbois, I, 76, 234; IV, 55, 93, 129, 212, 519; what Joan deposes about it, I, 76, 77; it was on a knight’s tomb, IV, 519; why decorated with crosses, I, 179, 236; what the enemies said of it, IV, 469; broken by Joan after the battle of Patay, IV, 79, 93; on the back of a loose woman, III, 73, 99; IV, 71; V, 60; cannot be mended, V, 93; found at Notre-Dame of Chartres, IV, 332. Another — given to Joan by Robert de Baudricourt, I, 54, 76; by the inhabitants of Vaucouleurs, II, 447. Taken from a Burgundian, I, 77, 237. Offered at Saint-Denis by the Maid, I, 77. Kept in the treasury of Saint-Denis, IV, 89.
• ÉPERNAY. The queen at —, V, 351.
• ÉPINAL (Gérardin d’), questioned at Domrémy, II, 421. Had been of the Burgundian party, II, 423. His wife. See Isabellette.
• ÉRARD or EVRARD (Guillaume), attends the condemnation trial, I, 92, 399, 430, 459. His opinion on the torture, I, 403; on the procedure, I, 429. Preaches on the day of the abjuration, I, 443; II, 15, 17, 303, 335, 345, 367, 383; III, 52, 61, 90, 156, 168, 194, 316; IV, 468; V, 254; not willingly, III, 113. Prevents the apparitor from enlightening Joan, II, 331. His sentence, I, 463. Paid for his participation in the trial, V, 205.
• ERAULT (Jean), examiner of the Maid at Poitiers, III, 74, 83.
• ERFURT. Necromancy experiment made at —, III, 460. University of —, III, 450.
• ESBAHY (Jacques or Jacquet l’), bourgeois of Orléans, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 26. Procurator of the town, V, 309, 326.
• ESCHART (Guillaume), present at one of the rehabilitation acts, III, 256.
• ESCOUCHIE (sergenterie of), in the vicomté of Argentan, V, 183.
• SPAIN. Charles VII on the point of retiring into —, IV, 280, 309. Help sent from — to the false Joan of Arc, V, 330. Sea of —, V, 122.
• SPANISH (knight), at the defence of Orléans. See Partada. Chronicle of the Maid in —, V, 374.
• ESTELLIN, inhabitant of Domrémy, II, 395, 410. His widow. See Beatrix.
• ESTIENNE the painter, Orléanais, V, 274, 308.
• ESTIVET (Jean d’), promoter of the Maid’s trial, I, 7, 40, 43; enters into it willingly, III, 137. His letters of institution, I, 24, 135. Insults Joan, III, 49, 52, 162. Disguises himself to deceive her, III, 162. Offers to prove the authenticity of the interrogatories, I, 190. Relentless after the clerks of the cause, III, 162. His indictment, I, 197. Sends off the twelve articles to Paris without correcting them, III, 144. Visits Joan in prison, II, 18. Has her taken back to Rouen castle after the abjuration, III, 157. Declares his prosecution finished, I, 441. Pays the clerks, III, 196. Dies in a sewer, III, 162.
• ESTOUTEVILLE (Guillaume d’), legate in France, informs ex officio on Joan’s trial, II, 157, 290; III, 370; in concert with Jean Bréhal, III, 334. Names himself a substitute, II, 309. Sends Charles VII the result of the inquiry, V, 365. Grants indulgences for the celebration of the 8 May festival at Orléans, V, 299. See Inquiry.
• ÉTAMPES. Falstolf passes through —, IV, 176, 239, 413; returns there, IV, 424.
• STANDARD. Joan used hers in place of a sword, III, 205. Description of the Maid’s —, I, 78, 117, 181, 300; III, 7, 103; IV, 5, 12, 129, 215, 362, 490; V, 34, 38. Painted at Tours, III, 103; V, 258; folded, V, 108; carried at Orléans, III, 68, 80, 216; IV, 6, 7, 161, 226, 228, 451; V, 294; at Jargeau, III, 95, 97; at Troyes, III, 117; at Reims, I, 104, 300; IV, 77, 186; V, 129; before Paris, IV, 26, 392, 436, 465; at Compiègne, IV, 439, 445. Questions on the paintings of the —, I, 180; on the virtue of the —, I, 182, 187, 301. Accusation about the —, I, 236, 300. See Banner.
• ÉTIENNE. See Estienne.
• EU. Joan at the château of —, V, 361. The county of — conquered by the Maid, IV, 337. Archdeacon of — at Rouen cathedral, I, 347, 423.
• EUDE (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 381.
• EUGÉLIDE, princess of Hungary, predicted the Maid, III, 340; text of her prediction, III, 344.
• EUGENE IV, pope. The false Joan of Arc in his service, V, 335, 336.
• SAINT EUVERTE, patron of Orléans, IV, 163; V, 300, 302, 314. His shrine, V, 297, 309, 311. His church at Orléans, IV, 106, 135; V, 296.
• ÉVREUX. The environs of — troubled by Richemond, IV, 377, 391. Chapter of —, III, 373. Bailiff of —. See Guehin. Dominicans of —. See Calciatoris.
• SAINT ÉVROUL, his shrine at Orléans, V, 311.
• EVURCIUS. See Euverte.
• EXETER (cardinal of), for Winchester, IV, 458. See Winchester.
• EXMES. The town and vicomté of — taxed for the Maid’s ransom, V, 180. Extent of the vicomté of —, V, 186. Bailiff of —, V, 178.
• FABRE (V.), secretary of the treasury of Normandy, V, 181, 182.
• FABRI (Guillaume), canon of Rouen, I, 354.
• FABRI (Jean), Augustinian friar, then bishop of Demetriade, attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 189, 196, 202, 281, 404, 459. Ill-treated by Cauchon, II, 367; III, 153, 175. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 425. Murmurs against the illegality of the imprisonment, III, 175. Attends the abjuration, I, 443. His determination on Joan, I, 337. Claims no longer to have been summoned since the abjuration, II, 369; III, 174, 176. His sentence, I, 465. Attends the execution as a mere onlooker, II, 369; as assessor, III, 186. Deposes in 1452, II, 367. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41. Produced, II, 191. Re-summoned, III, 45, 174. Witness of the rehabilitation acts, II, 208, 384; III, 261, 353, 362. Sub-delegated judge of the rehabilitation, III, 376. Sits in that capacity, III, 222, 226, 230, 246, 248, 252.
• FABRI (Raoul), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109.
• FACULTY of theology of Paris; its deliberation on the Maid, I, 414; its manner of proceeding in matters of faith, III, 144. Of canon law of Paris; its deliberation on the Maid, I, 417. Of theology of Poitiers, III, 202.
• FAGO (de). See Fay.
• FAGOU (Henri), Orléanais, III, 5. His wife. See Macée.
• FAILLY (Colard and Poinsette de), co-lords of Haraucourt, V, 328.
• FALCONBRIDGE or FAUQUEMBERGUE (lord), at the siege of Orléans, IV, 97.
• FALSTOLF or FASTOLF or FASTOT, English captain, at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 120, 125, 126. Sent to the relief of the Loire army, III, 212; to Orléans, IV, 9, 58, 62. Sent back from Paris with reinforcement, IV, 44, 67, 170, 239, 242, 318, 413, 452; V, 57. His advice ill-received by Talbot, IV, 375, 413, 416. Commands at Patay, IV, 15, 375. Flees, IV, 45, 178, 244, 341, 373. Dragged from the battlefield, IV, 423. Retreats to Étampes and Corbeil, IV, 69, 424, 453. Believed prisoner, V, 58, 120, 122, 125, 263. Stripped of the Order of the Garter, IV, 375, 432. His life written by William Wyrcester, IV, 475.
• FARQUIÈRES (Thomas de), witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 227, 353, 362.
• FARCIAULX (Robert de), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 31.
• SAINT-FARGEAU, near Auxerre, written Saint-Jargeau, surrenders to the French, IV, 377.
• FARINEAU (Guyon), judge of Touraine, V, 154, 155.
• FASCOT, FASTOT, FASTRE. See Falstolf.
• FATALES DOMINÆ. See Fairies.
• FAUQUEMBERGUE (Clément de), author on Joan of Arc, IV, 450. The lord of —. See Falconbridge.
• FAURE (Antoine). His name on a manuscript of the trial, V, 397.
• FAUVEAU (Étienne), Orléanais, IV, 133.
• FAUVEAU, culverin-maker of Orléans, V, 269.
• FAVE (Jean), master of requests of Charles VII, present at Joan’s execution, II, 377. Witness in 1452, II, 375.
• FAVIÈRE (Pressoir de la), at Orléans, IV, 97.
• FAVO (Jean de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 69.
• FAY (Geoffroy du), questioned at Vaucouleurs, II, 442.
• FAYETTE (Gilbert Motier de la), marshal of France, at the defence of Orléans, IV, 119. Revictuals the town, IV, 413. Fights at Patay, IV, 416. Named, V, 364.
• FÉCAMP (abbey of). See Duremont (Gilles de).
• FÉCARD or FECART (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 113, 405.
• FAIRIES. Traditions about the — at Domrémy, I, 67, 68, 187, 209, 212; II, 390, 404, 450. What Joan thinks of them, I, 178, 209, 211. A — appears to Catherine de la Rochelle, I, 106, 108, 297. Fairy fountain. See Fontaine des groseilliers.
• FERBECURIA. See Frebecourt.
• FERDINAND and ISABELLA of Castile, send to France an ambassador who wrote the history of the Maid, V, 374.
• FÉRON (the sieur du). See Chemyn.
• FÉROT (Le), lends Étienne Pasquier a treatise on the Maid, V, 467.
• FERREBOUC (François), notary of the University of Paris, II, 95, 112, 122, 131, 276, 284, 384; III, 39, 221, 229, 236, 252, 264, 363. Instituted clerk of the rehabilitation, II, 152. Reads the defence’s libel, II, 267. Absent from Paris at the final examination of the trial pieces, III, 332. His autograph signature, V, 448, 449, 457, 460. His redaction of the trial, V, 434.
• FERTÉ-HUBERT (la), abandoned by the English, IV, 370. Handed back to the French, IV, 46; V, 58. Château of —, IV, 239.
• FERTÉ-MILON (la). Charles VII and Joan at —, III, 14; IV, 21.
• FERTUT (Guillaume), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 270.
• FESTIVAL established at Orléans in memory of the town’s deliverance, V, 296; described, V, 298, 300, 308, 316, 317, 318. Indulgence for those who attended, V, 299, 302, 304, 306. Verses sung there in the fifteenth century, V, 313. Celebrated at Bourges, V, 297.
• FEUILLÉE (Alain de la), Breton of the Patay expedition, IV, 316.
• FEUILLET (Gérard), attends the condemnation trial, I, 30, 31, 34, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 113, 125, 134, 149, 150, 156, 161, 173, 188, 189, 190, 194, 195, 202, 323, 375. Interrogates the Maid, II, 16. Sent to fetch the University of Paris’s determination, V, 203. His opinion on the procedure, I, 200. His determination on Joan, I, 337. Exhorts her to submit, I, 380. Paid for his participation in the trial, V, 197, 200, 204.
• FIÈVRE (Gervaise le), culverin-maker of Orléans, V, 269.
• FIÈVRE (Guillaume, Jean, Raoul le). See Fabri.
• FIÈVRE DE SAINT-REMY (Jean le), author on the Maid, IV, 429. His testimony on the Shepherd, V, 170.
• FIEFVÉ (Thomas), attends the condemnation trial, I, 122, 125, 131.
• FILLEUL (Michelet), procurator of Orléans, V, 276, 277, 309.
• FISCIOLIS (Pierre de), priest of Maxey-sur-Vaise, II, 387, 465, 467.
• FLAMANDS (the Flemings), refuse to serve the duke of Burgundy outside their country, V, 334. Fight at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 441.
• FLAMBERT (la Rivière), at Orléans, IV, 107.
• FLAMERT (Jean le), chaplain of Beauvais cathedral, II, 278.
• FLANDRES DE BRUNVILLE (M. de), owner of a manuscript of the trial, V, 409, 460.
• FLAVY (Guillaume de), instituted captain of Compiègne, IV, 85, 195, 391, 394, 438; reduced to contenting himself with the lieutenancy of La Trémoille, V, 174. Arranges everything to favour the retreat of the sallied troops, V, 177. Has the town gate shut on the Maid, IV, 34, 92, 261, 273. Sells the Maid to the Burgundians, IV, 272. Origin of his quarrels with justice, V, 368. Pardoned by reason of the death of Marshal de Rochefort, V, 371. Murdered by his wife, IV, 274; V, 371. Buried at Compiègne, V, 373.
• FLAVY (Jeanne de), judgement rendered against her, V, 372.
• FLAVY (Louis de), hands back Choisy-sur-Aisne, IV, 397; V, 176.
• LA FLÈCHE. The garrison of — at the Patay expedition, IV, 316.
• FLEURY (Jean), clerk of the bailiff of Rouen, III, 159.
• FLEURY-AUX-CHOUX, village near Orléans, IV, 146, 148; V, 292. Cross of —. See Croix.
• FLO or FLOUE (saint). His head at Orléans, V, 311.
• FLOQUET or FLOSQUET (Julien), attends the condemnation trial, I, 454, 459.
• SAINT-FLORENT-LÈS-SAUMUR. The duke of Alençon learns of Joan’s arrival there, III, 91. The Maid goes there, IV, 10.
• SAINT-FLORENTIN. Submission of the town of —, IV, 72, 181, 251, 377; V, 60.
• FOLEMPANT (Georges), condemned by the Inquisition, II, 8; III, 169. Led to Rouen prison, III, 188.
• FOLIE (Gérard), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109.
• FONTAINE-DES-GROSEILLIERS, Fons ad Rannos, at Domrémy, I, 67, 210; II, 391, 394, 397, 414, 416, 418, 434. Called Bonne-Fontaine-aux-Fées-Nostre-Seigneur, IV, 468. Joan heard her voices there, I, 87, 211. Diverted to supply a monumental fountain, V, 248. Councillors of the —, I, 295. Sunday and festival of the fountains at Domrémy, II, 391, 394, 396, 399, 400, 404, 407, 409, 411, 413, 416, 418, 420, 422, 425, 430, 434, 440, 452, 462.
• FONTAINE (Étienne de La), the king’s mounted courier, V, 262.
• FONTAINE (Jean de La), or de Fonte, attends the condemnation trial, I, 7, 27, 28, 30, 39, 49, 59, 60, 81, 113, 134, 149, 156, 161, 173, 180, 188, 189, 190. His institution as commissioner-councillor at the trial, I, 26. Takes office as such, I, 31. Informs at Rouen against the Maid, I, 29, 31. Attends the trial, I, 194, 196, 202. Passes a note to the prisoner Houppeville, III, 172. Delegated by Pierre Cauchon to interrogate Joan, I, 113; III, 59. Interrogates, I, 114, 126, 131. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199. Advises Joan to submit to the Church, II, 341. Sent near her after the abjuration, II, 349. Flees from Rouen, II, 13, 252, 299; III, 139, 153.
• FONTAINE (Jean de La), French poet, describes the Maid’s monument, V, 222.
• FONTAINEBLEAU (library of). See Francis I.
• FONTAINES (Régnault de), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 119. Sent on embassy to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 390 note. Accompanies the Maid to the Pont-l’Évêque undertaking, IV, 398.
• FONTETTE (Fevret de), owner of the d’Urfé manuscript, V, 447. Cited, V, 394, 405, 410.
• FORAS (Marc de), delegated to receive the Parisians’ oath of fidelity, IV, 455.
• FORDUN, Scottish chronicler, IV, 478, 482.
• FORMICARIUM. Extracts from the — of Jean Nider, IV, 502; V, 324.
• FORTIN (Guillaume), witness cited for the rehabilitation, II, 296.
• FOSSEUX (Jean de), at Montépilloy, IV, 387.
• FOUCAULT (Jean), commands at Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193. Left at Lagny, IV, 89, 201. Takes part in the fight against Franquet d’Arras, IV, 91; V, 72.
• FOUCHIER or FOUCHERII (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443. His opinion on the procedure, I, 427.
• FOUQUES (Jacques), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109. Request presented by him, II, 136.
• FOUQUET (Jean). See Senlis (bishop of).
• FOUR (Antoine du), bishop of Marseille, author on the false Joan of Arc, IV, 522; V, 336.
• LE FOUREUR, clerk of the University of Paris, I, 43.
• FOURNIER (Bertault), Orléanais, V, 275, 277.
• FOURNIER or FURNERII (Jean), priest of Vaucouleurs, exorcises Joan, II, 446.
• FOURNON (Robert le), baron of Tournebu, descendant of the d’Arc family, V, 219.
• FOVILLE (Nicolas de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 60.
• FRANC (Martin le), author on the Maid, V, 44.
• FRANCE. State of — at the moment of Joan’s appearance, III, 399; V, 25. Joan comes to —, I, 54, 221; II, 419; circumstances of her journey, II, 457; III, 87, 199, 203; IV, 126, 207; V, 100. — recovered whole by the Maid, IV, 329, 527, 535. Sweet — or Île-de-France, IV, 301; V, 25. Joan called the Maid of —, V, 83, 322, 323, 402.
• FRANKFURT. Library of the Carmelites of —, V, 475.
• FRANCIÈRES (Agnès de), V, 373.
• FRANCIS I, had a manuscript of the trial in his Fontainebleau library, V, 388, 409.
• FRANÇOIS (Jean le), abbot of Sainte-Catherine of Rouen, II, 208, 276, 384.
• FRANQUET D’ARRAS; what Joan says of him, I, 158, 264. Encounter where he was beaten, IV, 32, 91, 399, 442; V, 72.
• FREBECOURT, near Domrémy, II, 429.
• FRINES or FRAXINIS (Martin des), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 120; III, 373.
• FRICON (Rémon), steward of the duke of Orléans, V, 214.
• FRIQUE (Thomas), abbot of Bec, present at the abjuration, I, 443.
• FROCOURT (Jean de), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109. Executes the citations at Beauvais, II, 132; III, 375. Witness, II, 278.
• FRONTE (Guillaume), priest of Domrémy, II, 390, 402, 404, 427. His testimony on Joan, II, 402, 434.
• FRUCTUS TEMPORUM, English chronicle, cited, IV, 476.
• FULGOSE (Baptiste), author on the Maid, cited, IV, 520 note.
• FUMEUX (Jean Le), priest of Ugny, II, 387. Saw Joan at N.-D. of Vaucouleurs, II, 461. Questioned at Toul, II, 460. Witness of the inquiry made in Lorraine, II, 387, 465, 467.
• FURTIVOLUS, man-at-arms who insulted Joan, III, 102; V, 38.
• GABRIEL (the angel). Apparition of —, I, 328, 400. What Joan says of him, I, 85, 93, 283.
• GAGUIN (Robert), cited, IV, 520 note; V, 422.
• GALIER (Colin), Orléanais, V, 310.
• GAMACHES (Guillaume de), put on stage with the Maid, IV, 358.
• GAMACHES (Philippe de), abbot of Saint-Denis, present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 372.
• GARDINIS. See Jardins (des).
• GARIN. See Guérin.
• GARIVEL (François), general of the aides, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 19.
• GASQUET (Jean le), French man-at-arms at Orléans, IV, 107.
• GASTELIER (Le), Orléanais, IV, 111.
• GASTINEL (Denis), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 48, 59, 69, 81, 196, 202, 354, 382, 405, 459; at the abjuration, I, 444. His opinion on the procedure, I, 200, 425. His determination on Joan, I, 341. His opinion on the torture, I, 403. His sentence, I, 464.
• GÂTINAIS. Fighters of —, at Orléans, IV, 151, 222.
• GAUCHER (Mahiet), painter of Orléans, V, 310, 311.
• GAUCOURT (Raoul de), governor of Orléans, IV, 99, 117. Witness of Joan’s arrival, III, 16. Sent to the relief of Orléans, III, 4; IV, 5, 215, 490. Attends the council at Jacques Boucher’s, IV, 57, 158. Opposes a sortie by Joan, III, 117. Commands at the capture of Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, III, 214. Testifies to Joan’s military science, III, 126. Fights at the attack on the Tourelles, IV, 43; V, 56. Writes the capture of the Tourelles to the king, V, 103. Leaves for the Jargeau expedition, V, 109. At Patay, IV, 319. Sent on embassy to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 390. Takes part in the attack on Paris, IV, 26, 27. Does not want Joan and the duke of Alençon to be together, IV, 30. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 16.
• GAUCOURT (the lady of), III, 102.
• GAUFFRIDUS. See Geffroy.
• GAUTIER (Pierre), procurator of the town of Poitiers, V, 196.
• GAVRE (the count of). See Albret (Charles d’).
• GAY (Pierre), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 120; III, 373.
• GEFFROY or GEOFFROY (Jean), canon of Rouen, I, 354; V, 373; procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109.
• GEHE (Gérard), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 119; III, 373.
• GELAIS (Octavien de Saint-); his verses on the Maid, V, 91.
• GELU (Jacques), archbishop of Embrun, addresses to Charles VII a favourable memoir on the Maid, III, 393. Fragments of this memoir, III, 395, 404, 406, 407. Notice on the same work, V, 473.
• GEMIER (Étienne), bourgeois of Tours, V, 154.
• GENDRE or GENERI (Jean le), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109.
• GENEVA. Prophecy on Joan made at —, IV, 536. Manuscript of the trial at the library of —, V, 405, 457.
• SAINTE-GENEVIÈVE (library of), in Paris; manuscripts it contains on Joan of Arc, IV, 344, 482; V, 83.
• GENIS (M. de Saint-), owner of a manuscript of the trial, V, 409, 461.
• GEOFFROY. See Geffroy.
• SAINT GEORGE, national standard of the English, IV, 142, 387.
• SAINT-GEORGE de Boscherville, abbey. See Labbé.
• GEPILLE (Philippe), schoolmaster of Toul, II, 467.
• GÉRARDIN (Nicolas), sells Joan of Arc’s house to the département of the Vosges, V, 246, 248.
• GÉRARDIN D’ÉPINAL. See Épinal.
• GERBEROY (Vidame of), V, 194.
• SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRÉS. Abbot of —. See Morillon. Library of —. See Harlay.
• SAINT-GERMAIN outside the walls of Speyer, III, 467.
• GERSON (Jean). His memoir on the Maid, III, 298; V, 464; produced at the trial, III, 376; V, 443. Praised, IV, 260.
• SAINT-GERVAIS, church of Orléans, IV, 106.
• GESTES (les) des nobles francoys, unpublished work, IV, 204.
• GÉVAUDAN. Shepherd of —, V, 168.
• GIEN. Joan passes through it on coming into France, III, 3, 21. Help sent from — to Orléans, IV, 222. Rendezvous given at —, V, 59; Charles VII decides to go there, IV, 11, 46, 368, 376. Payment made to the men-at-arms at —, IV, 71, 249. The queen brought to —, IV, 180, 247. The Maid at —, IV, 17, 245; V, 125; she leaves it out of pique without waiting for the king, IV, 18, 71. Return to — after the coronation, IV, 29, 48, 201; V, 71, 145, 267.
• GILEBERT (Robert), gives his sentence on Joan, I, 463. Attends the execution, I, 469.
• GILLES (Guillaume de Saint-), Breton of the Patay expedition, IV, 316.
• GIRAULT (Guillaume), author on the Maid, IV, 282.
• GIRESME (Nicole de), one of the defenders of Orléans, III, 6; IV, 44, 161, 229.
• GIRON (Alain de), Breton captain at the defence of Orléans, IV, 149, 156, 164.
• GLACIDAS. See Glasdale.
• GLASDALE (William), commander of the Tourelles fort, III, 9; IV, 8, 61, 100, 102, 105, 225, 454. Insults Joan, III, 108; IV, 155, 463; V, 290. Drowns in the Loire, III, 25, 110; IV, 9, 44, 62, 162, 230, 365, 431, 463, 479, 495; V, 294, 315. Wept for by Joan, III, 110. His body carried to Paris, IV, 463.
• GLOUCESTER (Humphrey of Lancaster, duke of), regent in England for Henry VI, V, 163, 164, 193. Confused with Bedford, IV, 515.
• GOMEZ (chronicle of), IV, 519.
• GOBELIN (Jean), editor of the memoirs of Pius II, IV, 507.
• GODART (Raoul), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 32.
• GODEFROY (Denis), consults the rehabilitation trial, V, 449. His edition of the Berry herald, IV, 40; of Jean Chartier, IV, 52; of Guillaume Gruel, IV, 315. His manuscript of the chronicle of the Maid, IV, 204.
• GODEURE (Colin le), Orléanais, V, 269.
• GODON, synonym for Englishman, III, 122, 125; IV, 227; V, 310.
• GOLDAST (Melchior). His collection on Joan of Arc, V, 464, 474, 475.
• GONDE (Pierre de), rector of the University of Paris at the time of the Maid’s trial, I, 411, 419.
• GONDRECOURT-LE-CHÂTEAU or Gondricuria-Castrum, II, 458.
• GORYS (Jean de), employed in Cardinal d’Estouteville’s inquiry, II, 310; V, 215, 218. Procurator of Pierre Cauchon’s heirs, II, 193. Witness at the trial acts, II, 208, 270, 276; III, 39, 353, 362.
• GORCUM (Henri de). His propositions in favour of the Maid, III, 413; against her, III, 417. Notice on this work, V, 474.
• GORIUS (H.), canon of Rouen, I, 354.
• GOBLITZ. See Luxembourg.
• GOUFFIER (Guillaume), lord of Boisy, confidant of the secret revealed to Charles VII by the Maid, IV, 279.
• GOURBAULT (Gilles), churchwarden of Beauvais cathedral, II, 135.
• GOUNAT (Nicolas), witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, II, 265.
• GOURNAY-SUR-ARONDE, in Beauvaisis, submits to the French, IV, 391; V, 178. Handed back to the Burgundians, IV, 395.
• GOURNAY in Normandy. French attempt on —, V, 172.
• GOUYE (Colin), called the Deaf, rants against the Maid at Abbeville, V, 143.
• GOZIE (Simonne), merchant of Orléans, V, 312.
• GRACT (Jean le), of Neufchâteau, signs the inquiry made in Lorraine, II, 467.
• GRANIER (Pierre), lord of Bourlemont, II, 404. See Bollemont and Bourlemont.
• GRANT (Guillaume le), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382.
• GRANVILLE (the bastard of), Englishman, III, 68.
• GRANVILLIER (Jean de), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109. Church notary at Beauvais, II, 135.
• GRASSET or GRASSART (Perrinet), Burgundian captain, IV, 91.
• GRAVERENT (Jean), inquisitor of France, absent from Rouen during Joan’s trial, I, 32. Writes to Pierre Cauchon, I, 36. Names Jean Magistri his substitute, I, 2, 35, 124, 471; III, 377. Proposal to submit the twelve articles to him, III, 240. Called to the council for the defence of Paris, IV, 454. Preaches at Paris on Joan’s death, IV, 472.
• GRAVESTAIN (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 421.
• GRAVILLE. See Malet.
• GRAY or GREZ (lord), at the siege of Orléans, IV, 97, 132.
• THE GREEKS refuse to believe Joan’s capture, IV, 532. Joan’s history disfigured by them, IV, 529.
• GRÉGOIRE (Pierre), owner of a manuscript of the trial, V, 388.
• SAINT GREGORY. His head at Orléans, V, 311.
• GRESLER (Jean), witness at the rehabilitation trial, II, 137.
• GRESEIER (Guillaume and Jean), Orléanais, I, 100 note.
• GREUX forms one with Domrémy, I, 46. Joan native of —, I, 208; went to mass there, II, 396. Exempted from taxes, V, 138, 139, note. Mentioned, II, 387, 408, 414, 416, 419, 421, 432, 461; IV, 118, 205.
• GREZ. See Gray.
• GRIS (John), Joan’s guard, I, 48, 135, 180, 253, 324, 454; III, 59. Joan’s word to —, I, 85.
• GROINGNAT (Nicole), Metz notable, V, 322, 323.
• GROS (Pierre des), Franciscan friar. His opinion on the Maid, IV, 533.
• GROSEILLIERS (Fontaine des). See Fontaine.
• GROSMENIL (Guillaume de), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 278.
• GROUCHET (Richard du), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 48, 69, 81, 92, 381, 404, 459; at the abjuration, I, 443. His determination on Joan, I, 369; not admitted, III, 173. His opinion on the procedure, I, 427. His sentence, I, 466; which he later retracts, II, 359. Deposes in 1452, II, 356. Cited for the rehabilitation, II, 161; III, 41.
• GRUEL (Guillaume), author on Joan of Arc, IV, 315.
• GRUENINGEN, near Halberstadt, III, 450.
• GRUMBACH (Pierre de), vicar-general of Speyer, III, 466.
• GUASCHO (Guillaume), eyewitness on the Maid, IV, 521, 526.
• GUÉRIN, alias Garin (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 196, 202, 354, 382, 405, 459; V, 271; at the abjuration, I, 444. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199. His determination on Joan, I, 352. His sentence, I, 464.
• GUEROULT (R.), secretary of the Rouen chapter, I, 23, 356.
• GUERRARD (Thomas), Englishman, captain of Montereau and of the Saint-Loup bastille at Orléans, IV, 43.
• GUESDON (Jacques), attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 189, 196, 202, 381, 404, 459. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 427. His determination on Joan, I, 345.
• GUESDON (Laurent), lieutenant of the bailiff of Rouen at the execution, cited for the rehabilitation, III, 45. Deposes, III, 166.
• GUEHIN (sir Richard), bailiff of Évreux, commands at the siege of Orléans, IV, 97, 365; at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 120. Defender of Beaugency, IV, 14, 45, 175, 241, 412.
• GUIENNE, Joan’s herald, held by the English, III, 27, 108; IV, 144, 150, 220; V, 54. Abandoned during their retreat, IV, 42. Handed back at the demand of the Bastard of Orléans, IV, 154, 221.
• GUERLAMBE (Pierre), master mason of Orléans, V, 224.
• GUILLEMETTE (Gérard), of Greux, questioned at Domrémy, II, 414.
• GUILLEMETTE (Jean), inhabitant of Greux, II, 461, 463.
• GUILLEMETTE de Coulons. See Coulons.
• GUILLOT (Auffroi), sent to the Maid, V, 264.
• GUIPUZCOA. Help sent from — to France, V, 330.
• GUISE (Jean de Luxembourg, count of), IV, 338; V, 194. See Luxembourg.
• GUITRY (Guillaume de Chaumont, lord of), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 98, 141 note; at the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 43; at Beaugency, IV, 317.
• GUYON (Symphorien), historian of Orléans, mentioned, IV, 277; V, 317, 321, 389.
• MEN’S CLOTHES taken by the Maid at Vaucouleurs, I, 94, 230; II, 437, 444, 447, 448, 457; IV, 125, 206; she refuses to say by whose advice, I, 54, 74, 94, 96, 132, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226; keeps them by God’s commandment, I, 161, 176, 332; IV, 503, 509; V, 117, 132; had taken them by His order, V, 117, 132, 415; wore them while doing her devotions, I, 104, 192, 227, 265; IV, 470; what she expected from them, I, 179, 193, 395; refuses to renounce them for ever, I, 177, 229, 247, 332; dares not leave them, II, 298, 306; IV, 211, 250, 274; explains why outside the trial, III, 147, 194; she leaves them, I, 453; II, 21; resumes them, I, 455; II, 18, 21; III, 53; fable on this subject, V, 472, 517; Joan justified on this point, II, 41, 180; III, 133, 269, 286, 304, 405, 440; V, 48. Description of the — worn by Joan, I, 220, 223, 254; II, 438; IV, 206, 304, 469; V, 48, 100, 113; the day she was taken at Compiègne, IV, 428, 439, 445. A woman’s dress offered to Joan, I, 68, 95, 96, 164, 165, 176, 225, 228, 230; how she means to wear it, I, 165, 176, 177, 191, 192, 228, 247, 394; resumes it, I, 453; II, 18, 305; III, 157; IV, 471; leaves it again, I, 455; why, II, 5, 8, 18, 204, 224, 300, 305, 333; III, 62, 149, 157, 168; offers to resume it, I, 458; puts it back on to go to the execution, III, 159.
• HABLOVILLE (sergenterie of), in the vicomté of Exmes, V, 190.
• HAENEL, cited, V, 404, 410.
• HAINAUT (le), handed to the English, IV, 304.
• HAITON (Guillaume), attends the condemnation trial, I, 27, 28, 30, 31, 39, 48, 58, 69, 81, 189, 196, 202, 323, 375, 381, 399, 404, 454, 459; at the abjuration, I, 443; at the execution, I, 469. His determination on Joan, I, 337. His opinion on the torture, I, 403. His sentence, I, 464.
• HALBERSTADT (the town and church of), III, 450, 451.
• HAN (Claude du), owner of a manuscript of the trial, V, 402, 403, 454, 455, 456.
• HANAGE (Gille), witness at the rehabilitation, II, 112.
• HANGEST (Raoul de), canon of Rouen, I, 354.
• HANNEQUIN (Jean), inhabitant of Greux, II, 463.
• HANTON (Jean de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 196, 202.
• HARAUCOURT, lordship partly possessed by the husband of the false Joan of Arc, V, 328.
• HARCOURT (Christophe de), confidant of Charles VII, III, 11; IV, 208. At Épernay, V, 354. His conversation with the Maid, III, 12. Sent on embassy to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 390.
• HARDIESSES des grands rois et empereurs, work cited, IV, 277.
• HARDOUIN (Michau), notary of Tours, V, 156.
• HERRINGS (day of the), IV, 4, 126; V, 51. Account of the —, IV, 121; V, 288. The — announced by the Maid to Robert de Baudricourt, IV, 125, 128, 206, 208.
• HARFLEUR, supposed to have been conquered by the Maid, IV, 337.
• HARLAY. Manuscripts of — concerning the Maid, in the old library of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, V, 401, 425, 428, 429, 456.
• HATTE (Jean), Orléanais, V, 275.
• HAUVIETTE. See Sionne (Gérard de).
• HAVET (Charlotte), helps Joan arm herself, III, 68. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 34.
• HAVET (Guillaume), Orléanais, III, 34.
• HAYE (Jean de la), made knight at Patay, IV, 376. See Coulonces.
• HAYE (Jean de la), priest of Rouen cathedral, I, 340.
• HAYE (Macé de la), lieutenant of the vicomte of Argentan, V, 178.
• HÉBERT (Michel), clerk of the University of Paris, I, 13, 16, 18, 408, 411, 422.
• HEIDELBERG (University of), III, 443.
• HÉLIOTE. See Polnoir.
• HELLANDE (Antoine de), captain of Reims, IV, 381; V, 141.
• HELLANDE (Guillaume de), bishop of Beauvais, cited for the rehabilitation, II, 133; III, 45, 228, 235, 253, 254. Included in the request against Pierre Cauchon, II, 213; III, 355. Refuses to appear in person, II, 267. Declines responsibility for Cauchon’s acts, II, 278. Declared contumacious, III, 261, 352.
• HENNUYERS (the men of Hainaut), at the siege of Paris, IV, 342. At the siege of Compiègne, IV, 441.
• HENRY II, king of France, confirms the nobility privilege of the d’Arc family, V, 219.
• HENRY IV, king of France, served by the du Lys family, V, 230.
• HENRY VI, king of England, summoned by the Maid, I, 240; IV, 139, 215, 306; V, 96. Devotion of the Parisians to his cause, IV, 455. Brought to France, IV, 475, 476. The duke of Burgundy summoned in his name to hand over the Maid, I, 4, 17, 18; IV, 428. At Rouen during the trial, III, 137, 243; IV, 351, 354; which is conducted at his expense, II, 348; III, 137, 154, 244; V, 195, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 204, 207, 209. Cauchon’s conversation before him, II, 325. Has an inquiry made in Lorraine against Joan, II, 451. Pensions the man who had taken the Maid, III, 134. His secretaries planted at the trial, III, 123, 135. Receives a copy of the trial, III, 135; V, 393. Takes the judges under his safeguard, III, 240. Led to Paris after Joan’s death, V, 170. Pardons wrongdoers who had spoken ill of her, V, 142. Called a tyrant, IV, 484. Prophecy about him, III, 434.
• HENRI (Jean), present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 373.
• HENRIUS (?), English captain, V, 36.
• HERAULD, theologian apologist for Joan, V, 89. See Erault.
• HERALDS of the Maid. See Guienne, Ambleville.
• HERMINE, herald of Brittany, V, 264.
• HERMITE (Guillaume l’), attends the condemnation trial, I, 49, 59.
• HERMITE (Pierre l’), gives his opinion on the condemnation, V, 215, 431.
• HERMITE (Robinet l’), lieutenant of Guillaume de Flavy, V, 371.
• HERMOISES. See Armoises.
• HÉRON (Robin), English man-at-arms at Orléans, IV, 138.
• HERVIER (Jean), bourgeois of Tours, V, 155.
• HEUDICOURT, parish of the diocese of Évreux, II, 373; III, 188.
• HEUGALANT (Pierre), witness at the rehabilitation trial, II, 112.
• HEUTERUS (Pontus), author on the Maid, IV, 448.
• HILAIRE (Jean), bourgeois of Orléans, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 26.
• HILDEGARD (saint), German prophetess, III, 429.
• HIRE (Étienne de Vignolles, called La), defender of Orléans, III, 4, 7, 210, 301; IV, 101, 114, 117, 142, 154, 408; V, 290. Fights at the day of the Herrings, IV, 119, 121, 122, 123, 125, 130. Sent to Tours by the Orléanais, IV, 103. Admitted to the war councils, IV, 57, 158; and to the king’s, I, 396. The only captain who welcomed Joan well, IV, 327. Escorts the captains sent to Blois, III, 211; IV, 56, 156; V, 291. Joins in the capture of Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, III, 214; IV, 159; V, 292; of the Tourelles, IV, 44. Pursues the English in their retreat, IV, 63, 164, 233. Thanked by the king after Orléans’ deliverance, V, 295. Goes to Jargeau, IV, 12, 64, 170; V, 111. Wants to parley with the English, III, 95. Prevented from repulsing the duke of Richemont, IV, 317. Commands the vanguard at Patay, III, 71, 120; IV, 68, 177, 371. Takes part in the Reims journey, IV, 180, 378. Fights at Thieux, IV, 80, 190; at Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193; at Paris, IV, 197; at the battle of the Shepherd, V, 171. Appointed bailiff of Vermandois, IV, 381. Confesses at Joan’s instigation, III, 32. Falls into the habit of swearing by his baton, III, 200. Renowned among the English, IV, 477. His memory celebrated at Orléans’ deliverance festival, V, 316. Men of his company, III, 98; IV, 107, 117.
• HODIERNE (Guillaume), bailiff of Reims, IV, 292; V, 141.
• HOKNOT (Robert), English author, cited, III, 444.
• HOLLE (Gerolf), subscribes Joan’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• HONTECOURT (Jean de), accompanies the Maid into France, II, 457.
• HONFLEUR, supposed to have been conquered by the Maid, IV, 337.
• HORDAL (Jean), consults the rehabilitation trial, V, 449. His history of Joan of Arc, V, 389 note.
• HOTOT (Saturnin), printer of Orléans, subsidised to publish the Journal of the town’s siege, IV, 94.
• HOUDENC (Pierre), attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 189, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443; at the execution, I, 469. His determination on Joan, I, 337. His opinion on the procedure, I, 425. His sentence, I, 465.
• HOUPPEVILLE (Nicolas de), refuses to give his opinion at the trial, II, 354; III, 139, 163, 183. Threatened with drowning, III, 50; with banishment, II, 252, 349, 356; III, 152. Braves Cauchon’s anger, III, 171. Driven from the hearing, II, 326. Imprisoned at Rouen, II, 326, 364, 370. Released from prison, III, 172. Sees Joan led to execution, III, 173. Deposes in the first inquiry, II, 324. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 290; III, 234. Cited as witness, II, 161; III, 41. Produced, II, 191. Récolé, III, 45, 170.
• HUBERT (Nicolas de), apostolic notary employed at the condemnation trial, I, 122, 125, 134, 150, 162.
• HUE (Pierre), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 30.
• HUGUES (Jean), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 287; III, 256.
• HUON. See Châtillon (Jean de).
• HUMIÈRES (the Liégeois of), at Montépilloy, IV, 387.
• HUNGERFORD (Gaultier or Walter de), English captain, IV, 68, 177, 248, 374; V, 120, 268.
• HUNTINGTON (the count of), besieges Compiègne, IV, 92; V, 175.
• HURÉ (Jean), Orléanais. Regnaulde, his widow, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 34.
• HURTAULT (C.), alderman of Reims, V, 141.
• HUSSITES of Bohemia. The letter Joan writes to them, V, 156. Joan staged in a play about the —, V, 82. See Bohemians.
• IGNACE (the father) or Jacques Samson, author on the Maid, V, 338.
• ÎLE (château de l’), opposite Domrémy, I, 66, 215.
• ÎLE-ADAM (Jean de Villiers, lord of), takes Paris by treason in 1418, IV, 533. Sent to defend Reims, IV, 294. Fights at Montépilloy, IV, 387. Defends Paris against Joan, IV, 25, 393, 436.
• ÎLE-AUX-BOEUFS (l’), above Orléans, given to Pierre d’Arc, V, 212, 214.
• ÎLE-AUX-BOURDONS (l’), the same as the preceding, V, 290.
• ÎLE CHARLEMAGNE, SAINT-LAURENT (l’). See Charlemagne, Laurent (saint).
• ILLIERS (Florent or Florentin d’), captain of Châteaudun, at the deliverance of Orléans, III, 94; IV, 44, 56, 150, 154, 156, 158, 164, 165; V, 291. At Jargeau, IV, 170.
• IMBEGUIN, nickname of the Maid’s page, IV, 211. See Contes (Louis de).
• TAX voted by the Estates of Normandy for the Maid’s ransom, V, 178.
• INQUIRY. How the — against Joan was made, II, 441, 451, 458; III, 192; in her country by agents of the English party, I, 28; II, 88; III, 180, 192; by Franciscans, IV, 394, 397; found too favourable, II, 453; III, 193; not inserted into the trial, II, 200; III, 192; unknown to the trial clerks, II, 379; III, 136, 161; fruitless inquiry to recover it, II, 380; III, 82, 205, 392. Another — made at Rouen by Jean de la Fontaine, I, 29; at Rouen after Joan’s death, I, 477; II, 14; III, 273. Another — by the French party for Joan in 1429, III, 82, 205, 392. At Rouen by order of Charles VII in 1450, II, 1. By Cardinal d’Estouteville at Rouen in 1452, II, 34, 157, 294; formulas after which it was made, II, 293, 311. In Joan’s country in 1455, II, 378. At Orléans, III, 1. At Paris, III, 47. For the rehabilitation produced at the trial, II, 286, 289; III, 237.
• INNOCENTS (les), church and cemetery of Paris, IV, 474.
• INQUISITOR of the faith in France. See Bréhal, Graverent. In Germany, IV, 502; V, 324, 431.
• INSCRIPTION on the mitre and on Joan’s pyre, IV, 459. Expiatory, demanded by the rehabilitation advocates, II, 190, 260. On Joan’s house at Domrémy, V, 245, 247. On the procession banner at Orléans, V, 316. On the first monument of the Maid at Orléans, IV, 448; on the second, V, 367; on the third, V, 238. On the Maid’s fountain at Rouen, V, 236. On the Maison Rouge at Reims, V, 266.
• INTERROGATORIES of Joan, taken down sometimes in Latin, sometimes in French, II, 319; in French, and unfaithfully rendered into Latin, II, 260; V, 445. Put on too difficult matters, II, 4, 318, 327, 329, 350; III, 64, 163. Conducted in an illegal manner, II, 13, 218, 332, 342, 357, 368; III, 51, 142, 155, 193, 375. Too long, II, 350, 365; III, 167. Taken down by planted clerks, II, 12, 232, 300; III, 132, 135, 146; by Jean Monnet, III, 63. Truncated, II, 13, 304, 349. The clerks refuse to falsify them, II, 13, 331, 344, 371.
• JACOB (Dominique), witness for the rehabilitation, II, 392. Had seen Joan at the village, II, 393.
• JACOB (le P.), scholar. Anecdote about him, IV, 277.
• JACOBINS. Church of the — at Orléans, IV, 102; at Bourges, V, 298 note. Prior of the — of Paris, IV, 454; of Rouen, V, 202. See Dominicans.
• JACQUEMINOT. See Lescot.
• JAMES I, king of Scotland, V, 339. What Joan says of him, II, 436. See Scotland.
• JACQUES (frère), Franciscan friar, V, 269.
• SAINT-JACQUES, convent of the Dominicans at Rouen, II, 7, 9.
• SAINT-JACQUES, church of Compiègne. See Compiègne.
• SAINT JAMES OF COMPOSTELA. Adventure of a pilgrim of —, III, 432. See Compostella.
• SAINT-JACQUES-DE-L’HÔPITAL, at Paris. Its treasurer, IV, 454.
• JAGOT, Orléanais, V, 310.
• ISABELLA THE CATHOLIC. See Ferdinand.
• ISABELLETTE or ZABILLET, name of the Maid’s mother at Domrémy, II, 74, 388, 398, 400, 403. See Arc (Isabelle d’).
• ISABELLETTE, wife of Gérardin d’Épinal, questioned at Domrémy, II, 426.
• ISLAN (Thomas d’), owner of the d’Urfé manuscript, V, 447.
• ITALY (infantry of), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 101.
• IVOT (Chauvin and Thomas d’), at the Jargeau expedition, V, 262.
• JAILLE (the lord of la), sent to Richemont, IV, 316.
• JAMBIN (Geoffroi), mason of Poitiers, V, 196.
• JAQUARD (Jean), questioned at Toul, II, 461.
• JAQUIER (Guillot), questioned at Toul, II, 454.
• JARDINS (Guillaume des), de Gardinis, attends the condemnation trial, I, 49, 69, 92, 196, 202, 354, 382, 459; III, 48. Treats Joan as physician, III, 51. His sentence, I, 466.
• JARGEAU. Reinforcement sent by the English to —, IV, 102. English booty at —, IV, 111. English come to Orléans from —, IV, 134. First attempt on — after the siege of Orléans, IV, 167. Expedition of —, III, 10, 72, 80, 94, 110; IV, 11, 64, 170; V, 261, 262. Capture of —, IV, 65, 172, 234, 313, 340, 348, 369, 431, 452, 479; V, 56, 119, 121, 295, 350. Joan’s deposition on the surrender of —, I, 79, 234. Capture of the suburbs of —, III, 95; of the bridge, IV, 45, 172. Joan at —, I, 99, 106; III, 76, 97; IV, 12, 171; takes communion there, IV, 174. Church of — pillaged, IV, 173, 235. Captain of —. See Biset.
• SAINT-JARGEAU. See Saint-Fargeau.
• JAUER (Nicolas), doctor of Heidelberg, III, 443.
• JOHN XXIII, antipope, III, 462.
• JOHN or JUAN II, king of Castile. See Castille.
• JEAN (Maître) the gunner or the culverinier, at the defence of Orléans, III, 213; IV, 105, 109, 112; at Jargeau, IV, 172, 237.
• SAINT JOHN. “Bon gré —”, the Maid’s oath, I, 157, 273. Herb of —, II, 438.
• SAINT JOHN OF JERUSALEM (order of). Grand prior of —, III, 6. Commander of —, V, 98, 99.
• SAINT-JEAN-DE-LA-RUELLE, church at Orléans, IV, 116, 133.
• SAINT-JEAN-LE-BLANC, church of one of the suburbs of Orléans, III, 119; IV, 98, 112. Bastille near this church, III, 69, 79, 213; IV, 159; V, 292, 348; built, IV, 148; abandoned, IV, 217, 225; Joan wanted to attack it first, III, 78.
• TURCHIE of —. See Loire.
• JOAN, the Maid, called d’Arc or d’Ay, from her father’s name, I, 191, 244, 252; II, 140; V, 150, 219, 220, 226, 227, 229, 244, 249, 252, 343, 424. See Arc, Daix; Rommée, from her mother’s name. See Rommée. Surnamed of Lorraine, of Vaucouleurs, of Domrémy, of Orléans, of France. See France, Pucelle, Vaucouleurs. Her age, I, 46; II, 417; III, 131, 170, 174, 179, 182, 189, 209; IV, 41, 52, 213, 300, 330, 426, 430, 468, 522; V, 14, 40, 52, 99. Her birth, V, 27, 116. Had no sisters, II, 428, 433, 439. Occupied in her childhood with field and house work, I, 51, 66; II, 389, 396, 400, 404, 409, 410, 415, 422, 424, 433; IV, 41, 118, 205, 430; V, 40, 342. Called Bergerette (little shepherdess), III, 17, 20. Raised in religion, I, 47; II, 389, 395. Devout, II, 393, 402, 417, 422, 430, 433; III, 14, 82, 86, 104, 124, 218; IV, 352. See Mass, Virgin (the Holy). Confessed and communicated often, II, 390, 404, 407, 409, 420; III, 34, 76, 81, 104, 118, 125, 199, 219, 406, 432; IV, 78, 234, 249, 322; V, 32. See Communion, Confession. Good Catholic, II, 299, 301, 320; III, 81, 129, 173, 209, 219, 464. See Church, Pope. Seemed to converse with God, II, 420. Contemplated the sky at night, III, 433. Sought solitude, I, 211; V, 27, 120. See Bois Chenu. Loved the sound of bells. See Bells. Reputed to draw the birds of the sky to her, IV, 463, 495. Seemed inspired, II, 304, 327, 368, 458; III, 12; IV, 169, 236. Called herself sent by God, I, 101, 240, 394. Considered as such, III, 3, 7, 23, 26, 27, 75, 85, 94, 111, 118, 120, 125, 170, 198, 205, 218, 338, 392, 400, 403, 431; IV, 10, 30, 64, 66, 70, 169, 189, 214, 248, 251, 282, 309, 348, 427, 429, 444, 508; V, 10, 40, 45, 135, 146, 341. See Angels, God, Mission, Revelations. Probability of this opinion established, II, 22, 168, 177, 239; IV, 356; combated, I, 328; V, 47, 171. Whether she was in a state of grace, I, 263; III, 153, 163, 175. Pitiful to the sick, II, 424; to the wounded, III, 213; to enemies, III, 72, 81, 106, 407; IV, 224. Urged the king to clemency, IV, 486; V, 21. Charitable to the poor, II, 427, 438; III, 88, 464. Wept easily, III, 100; V, 120. Sober, III, 9, 15, 18, 22, 69, 407; IV, 219, 231; V, 32, 120. Loathed gambling, III, 87. Chaste, III, 15, 18, 34, 70, 81, 118, 124, 407; IV, 250. See Virginity. Slept fully dressed, II, 438, 457; III, 70; V, 120; on straw, III, 100. Pursued loose women, III, 73, 81, 99, 126; IV, 71, 217. Disliked hearing swearing, III, 33, 34, 73, 76, 81, 99, 126, 200. Her manner of affirming, I, 273; II, 404; IV, 4. See God, Saint John, Martin (par mon). Respect she inspired, II, 438, 457; III, 15, 76, 81, 87, 100, 219, 250; V, 100. Reformed the morals of soldiers, III, 33, 104; IV, 217; and of justice, III, 427. Was blameless in conduct, II, 389, 393, 404, 407, 412, 415, 430, 450, 452; III, 84, 392, 406, 422; IV, 70. Indulged in no superstition, III, 464. Simple in bearing, II, 332; in language, II, 318; III, 87. Well-spoken, II, 318, 346, 450. Answered her judges like a doctor, II, 371, 374; III, 48, 89, 190; IV, 352; V, 133. Spoke little, IV, 213, 306; V, 32, 120. Had a soft voice, IV, 523; V, 108, 120. The pleasure felt in conversing with her, III, 34. Simple and credulous, II, 361; III, 129, 131, 300. Ignorant, II, 254, 365; III, 74, 87, 123, 128, 166; IV, 249; V, 340. Insufficient to stand up to the doctors who judged her, III, 135, 170. Intelligent, II, 350. Had a prodigious memory, III, 89, 142, 161, 176, 178, 201. Skilled in matters of war, III, 32, 87, 100, 116, 119, 120, 126, 128, 422; IV, 3, 53, 70, 248, 348; V, 32, 133; by the fact of her voices, III, 219. Thwarted the captains’ plans, IV, 59, 227, 278; hated by them, IV, 260, 327, 346. Fought like a man-at-arms, IV, 426, 427; without being assured she would not be wounded, III, 86. Of fine bearing under arms, III, 88, 92; IV, 60, 153, 155, 212, 306, 443; V, 14. See Armour, Banner, Sword, Standard. More feared by the English than the whole French army, II, 324; than a hundred men-at-arms, III, 130; than five hundred fighters, IV, 402. See the English. Mylord wishing she had been English, III, 48. Considered a saint, III, 84; IV, 312. Adored by her own party, I, 290; IV, 442, 444, 449, 468; despite herself, I, 101, 206; III, 82, 84, 87. Attributed her works to God alone, I, 74, 78, 250, 261, 324, 393, 401; III, 31; IV, 470; V, 120. Heard herself called daughter of God by her voices. See God, Catherine (Saint), Saint Margaret, Voices. Called the saints her brothers of paradise, II, 437. Was beautiful and well-formed, III, 219; IV, 205, 268; V, 99, 120. See Portrait. Tall and strong, IV, 330, 523. Tireless, V, 120. Had a fair bosom, IV, 523; a laughing face, V, 120; black hair, IV, 523. Did not have women’s infirmity, III, 219. Hurt by the habit of riding, III, 63. Wounded in the foot at Orléans, IV, 227; in the shoulder at the same place, I, 79; III, 8, 109, 114; IV, 61, 160, 228, 494; V, 42; in the thigh before Paris, I, 57, 260; IV, 27, 87, 199, 321, 393, 457, 480, 515; V, 70, 145. Struck down at Jargeau, III, 97; IV, 172. Ill in prison, I, 377; III, 49, 244. Foresaw having to last one year in her glory, III, 99. Obstinate in her opinion, II, 354, 361, 368; III, 129, 183. Varied in her answers, I, 54; II, 318. Feigned, II, 304. See Saint Michael. Dissembling, I, 305. Perjured, I, 318. Subtle, II, 21, 338, 358; III, 182. Presumptuous, I, 219, 251, 257; V, 49, 168, 169. Sumptuous, I, 294; IV, 449, 472; V, 169. Prophesied, I, 206, 251; IV, 462. See Predictions. Boasted she could make it thunder, IV, 470. Called a lady, I, 245; IV, 470; a princess, IV, 505; a captainess, IV, 481; V, 40; a war-leader, I, 55, 293; IV, 437, 510, 526; V, 97, 117. Called a monstrous woman, IV, 406; a slut, IV, 290; a whore, III, 49, 52, 162; IV, 465; a p…, III, 52, 108; IV, 463. Reviled by Bedford, IV, 382; V, 136. Considered mad, IV, 290, 297, 305, 362; inspired by the devil, I, 249, 266; IV, 444, 470, 472. Witch. See Sorcery. Idolatress, I, 276, 436, 471; IV, 459. Schismatic and heretic, I, 208, 320, 322, 416, 417, 432, 437, 471, 474; IV, 460, 470. Blasphemer, I, 224, 272, 415, 433, 474; IV, 459. Instrument of a political intrigue, IV, 407, 518; V, 46. Doubts about her nature, IV, 464, 503. Had been an innkeeper’s daughter, I, 214; IV, 361; a captain’s page, V, 46. Had grown used in childhood to arms and the horse, I, 214; IV, 361, 523. See Horse. Raises a child at Lagny, I, 105. Holds several children at baptism, I, 103; II, 427; whom she sprinkles with hot wax, I, 304. Dresses as a man. See Men’s Clothes. Invested by the king with the right of grace, IV, 240. Ennobled, V, 150. See Armoiries. Expresses the wish to return to her village, III, 14; IV, 189. Displeased with Charles VII’s government, IV, 32; V, 140. See La Trémouille. Is abandoned by him, IV, 37; V, 168. Captured, see Compiègne. Bought by the English government, I, 13; III, 54; V, 178. Locked in a cage at Rouen castle, II, 201, 306, 348, 371; III, 155, 180. Put in irons, II, 18, 298, 301, 302, 306, 307, 318; III, 48, 59, 140, 154, 167, 189, 200. See Prison, Violences. Put on trial. See Accusation, Condemnation. Asks for a woman’s chemise, I, 176, 227; a head-covering, I, 176, 229. Abjures. See Abjuration. Dies devoutly, II, 6, 9, 19; III, 90; IV, 460. Wept on the way to the pyre, II, 3, 328, 363; III, 53. See Bûcher, Execution. Shown dead to the people, III, 191; IV, 471. Dove seen above her pyre, II, 63, 352. Reputed pregnant by the English, IV, 476, 477. Her heart and intestines do not burn, II, 7; III, 159. Her ashes thrown to the wind, IV, 275, 346; to the sea, IV, 535; to the river. See Seine. Held a martyr, I, 155; IV, 471; V, 49. Rehabilitated. See Rehabilitation. Doubts about the reality of her death, IV, 322, 323, 344, 474; V, 90, 322, 335. Her story treated as a fable, IV, 448. Put on stage in a French mystery, V, 80; in a German performance, V, 82. Letters signed with her name, I, 245, 448; V, 148, 160. Her name given to a cannon, V, 243. See Rings, Charles VII, Inquiry, Inscription, Jeannette, Jesus Maria, Letter, Secret, Statues, and the names of the places where she was.
• JOAN OF ARC (false), native of Le Mans, V, 336. Shows herself at Metz, V, 321, 323, 325; at Cologne, V, 323, 325; in the duchy of Luxembourg, V, 322, 324, 327; in Italy, V, 335, 336. Corresponds with the town of Orléans, V, 326, 327; with the king of Castile, V, 330. Makes war in Poitou, V, 333. Is received at Orléans, V, 331. Her interview with the king, IV, 281. Her exhibition at Paris, V, 335. Her end, V, 336. See Armoises, Claude, Lys (Jeanne du).
• JEANNE, wife Boyleaue, of Orléans, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 33.
• JEANNE, wife Le Maire Aubery, godmother of the Maid, I, 46, 67, 177, 210, 211, 212.
• JEANNE, wife Thévenin Le Royer, godmother of the Maid, II, 403, 410. See Jeannette.
• JEANNE, wife Laxart, of Domrémy, II, 443.
• JEANNE, wife Saint-Mesmin, of Orléans, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 33.
• JEANNE, widow of Mouchy, of Orléans, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 34.
• JEANNETTE, familiar name of the Maid in her country, I, 46; II, 388, 400, 402, 403; in the rehabilitation instrument, III, 370; in the summary of Théodore de Leliis, V, 426.
• JEANNETTE, wife Thévenin, godmother of the Maid, II, 397, 408, 412, 415.
• JEANNETTE, widow Thiesselin, godmother of the Maid, II, 389, 398, 402, 412, 415. See Viteau.
• JESUS, watchword of the men-at-arms commanded by Joan, V, 38. Joan’s last cry, II, 7, 20, 303, 352, 377; III, 53, 90, 114, 177, 182, 186, 191. The name of — appears written in the flame of the Maid’s pyre, II, 372.
• JESUS MARIA. Inscription of Joan’s standard, I, 78, 300; IV, 129, 463. Superscription of her letters, I, 83, 183, 239, 240, 242, 250, 333; III, 107; IV, 139, 215, 287. Inscription on one of her rings, I, 87, 185, 237.
• TOKENS struck by the town of Orléans in honour of Joan of Arc, V, 365.
• JEUNE or JUVENIS (Regnauld le), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382.
• JOACHIM (François), Orléans envoy to the Maid, V, 262.
• JOLIVET (Robert), abbot of Mont Saint-Michel, attends the abjuration, I, 443. Subscribes the judges’ safeguard, III, 243.
• JONGAULT (Pierre), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 30.
• JOURNAL of a Bourgeois of Paris, of the Siege of Orléans, etc. See Orléans, Paris.
• JOUSSE, Orléanais scholar, cited, IV, 94.
• JOUVENEL DES URSINS (Jean), archbishop of Reims, II, 72; III, 368. Born legate of the holy see, II, 139. Delegated by Calixtus III as judge of the rehabilitation, II, 95; V, 86; sits in that capacity, II, 82, 136, 137, 206, 281, 284; III, 47, 255, 256, 258, 329, 351; V, 77. His words to the d’Arc family, II, 87, 92. Goes to Orléans during the trial, II, 283. Inquiry he makes there, III, 1. Questions the witnesses at Paris, III, 47, 77, 118; at Rouen, III, 128; V, 77. His letter to Jean d’Aulon, III, 208. Consults the bishop of Avranches, III, 318. Sets his seal to the last citation, III, 354; and to the sentence, III, 362.
• JOYART (Jean and Mengette), inhabitants of Domrémy, II, 429.
• JULIEN, one of those who brought the Maid into France, II, 442, 457.
• JUMIÈGES (abbot of). See Roux (Nicolas le).
• JUVENIS. See Jeune (le).
• KERVYN (A. de), author of extracts on the Maid, V, 473.
• KALTYSEREN (Henri), inquisitor at Cologne, V, 324.
• KENNEDY (sir Hugh de), Scottish captain in French service, at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 121; at the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 158; at the encounter with Franquet d’Arras, V, 81.
• KENT (vicomte of) in England. Order given to —, V, 192.
• KERMOISAN (Tugdual de), called le Bourgeois, Breton knight, at the Jargeau expedition, IV, 170, 316; at the Reims journey, IV, 180.
• KIRKMICHAEL (John), IV, 479. See Saint-Michel (Jean de).
• LABBÉ (Jean), abbot of Saint-George de Boscherville, attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 92.
• LABBÉ (Jean), Reims man, accused of conspiring against the French, IV, 299.
• LACLOPPE (Bertrand), questioned at Domrémy, II, 409.
• SAINT-LADRE, church at Orléans, IV, 116, 132, 133, 137, 145.
• SAINT-LADRE or LAZARE, parish near Paris, IV, 466.
• LADVENU (Martin), attends the condemnation trial, I, 34, 405, 460. Seeks to enlighten Joan, II, 13, 341; III, 139. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426. His sentence, I, 466. Visits Joan before her execution, I, 481; II, 3; confesses and administers to her, I, 482; II, 3, 7, 14, 19, 308, 334, 366; III, 158, 168. Deposes after Joan’s death, I, 478. Sent to the bailiff of Rouen, II, 9; III, 169. Deposes in 1450, II, 7; and in 1452, II, 307, 363. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41. Produced, II, 191. Récolé, III, 45, 165. Witness of the rehabilitation sentence, III, 362.
• LAGNY-SUR-MARNE. Submission of —, IV, 88; V, 70. Charles VII passes to —, IV, 48, 89, 201. Joan goes there the following year, IV, 32, 91; I, 105, 106; leaves it to go to Compiègne, IV, 92, 346. Raid of Franquet d’Arras in the environs of —, I, 158; IV, 399, 441. Siege of —, IV, 299. The prior of —, IV, 88. Notre-Dame of —, I, 105.
• LAGNY-LE-SEC. Charles VII and the Maid pass through —, IV, 21, 46.
• LALAIN (Simon de), fights at Montépilloy, IV, 387.
• LALLIER (Jean), bourgeois of Tours, V, 155.
• LAMBERT (Jean), examiner of Joan, III, 19. See Lombart.
• LAMBERT (Nicolas), witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 261, 353.
• LAMI, Italian scholar, V, 131.
• LANCASTRE (Jean de). See Bedford.
• LANDREY (Jean), inhabitant of Serqueux, V, 211.
• LANGART (Jean le), godfather of Joan, II, 395. See Lingué.
• LANGLOIS. See the English.
• LANGRES (élection of), IV, 204, 213.
• LANGUEDOC (le), remains faithful to Charles VII, IV, 127.
• LANNOY (le Bègue de), at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 441.
• LANNOY (Hue de), at Montépilloy, IV, 387, 438. Sent by Bedford to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 390.
• LANNOY (Jean de), at Montépilloy, IV, 387.
• LANNOY (Simon de), defends Paris, IV, 393.
• LAON. The duke of Burgundy’s stay at —, V, 130. The town of — sends its keys to Charles VII, IV, 20, 78, 187, 381; V, 68. Joan goes there with the king, IV, 515.
• LAPAU or LA PAUX (?), Joan’s hostess at Tours, III, 66. See Dupuy.
• LAPICIDA (Jean), organist of Merseburg, III, 461.
• LAUDAVA, town in Germany, III, 433; V, 476.
• LAUDEE (Jean), bourgeois of Abbeville, V, 144.
• LAUDUS (Sanctus). See Saint-Lo and Saint-Loup.
• LAURENT (M.), of Orléans, owner of a manuscript of the trial, V, 406.
• SAINT-LAURENT, near Paris, IV, 454.
• SAINT-LAURENT-DES-ORGERILZ, church under the walls of Orléans, IV, 103, 106. Boulevard —, IV, 109, 116, 131. Bastille —, IV, 106, 107, 110, 113, 131, 137, 138, 142, 144, 163, 283; commanded by Talbot, III, 26; IV, 62, 224, 227; V, 292. The two islands —, IV, 143.
• LAVAL (André de), sire de Lohéac, comes to France, IV, 174, 238. Takes part in the Patay expedition, IV, 239, 242, 317, 319; in the Reims journey, IV, 69, 180, 248. His name at the foot of his brother’s letter, V, 111.
• LAVAL (Anne de), receives a gold ring from the Maid, V, 109.
• LAVAL (Gilles de), lord of Rais. See Rais.
• LAVAL (Gui de), comes to France, IV, 174, 238. His first interview with Joan, V, 107. Takes part in the Patay expedition, IV, 239, 242, 317, 319; despite his mother, V, 109. Accompanies the king to Reims, IV, 69, 180, 248. Is made count at Charles VII’s coronation, IV, 20, 46, 77, 186; where he fills the office of peer, V, 128. Displeased with the too-prompt return from Reims, IV, 79, 188. Fights at the attack on Paris, IV, 197. Letter written by him, V, 111.
• LAVAL (Jeanne de), informed of her sons’ journey to France, V, 105.
• LAVAL (Louis de), mentioned, V, 111.
• LAXART (Durand), the Maid’s uncle, takes her to Vaucouleurs, I, 53, 221; II, 399, 411, 414, 416, 428, 430, 434, 444, 456; then to Saint-Nicolas-du-Port, II, 444, 447. Questioned at Vaucouleurs, II, 443. His wife. See Jeanne.
• LEBATEUR, LEBAUT, LEBRUN, etc. See Bateur, Baut, Brun, etc.
• LEBRET for Albret. See Albret.
• LEGUISÉ (Jean), bishop of Troyes, brings about the town’s submission, III, 12; IV, 76, 183, 252, 296. Goes to find Charles VII, IV, 295.
• LEIPZIG (University of), III, 450.
• LELIIS (Théodore or Theodoricus de), Roman jurisconsult, discusses the judgement rendered against Joan, II, 22. Description of his work’s manuscripts, V, 423. Author of a summary of the trial, V, 426.
• LENGLET-DUFRESNOY (the abbé), was planning a second edition of his history of Joan of Arc, V, 390, 468, 473. What he published of the trial, V, 420, 468. His bibliographical researches on the Maid, IV, 267; V, 374. Cited, IV, 277, 409, 432.
• LENOZOLOS (Jean de), servant of Guillaume Érard, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 113.
• LÉONARD (frère), prior of the Dominicans of Vienne, II, 70; V, 425, 429, 431.
• L’HERMITE. See Hermite.
• LESCOT (G.), Reims notable, V, 141.
• LESCOT (Hector), called Jacqueminot, founder of Orléans, V, 223.
• LESGOT (Jean de), lord of Verduzan, one of the defenders of Orléans, IV, 117. Killed at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 119, 124.
• LESPAILLART (Jean), witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 265.
• LESTOURNEL (Jean), present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 373.
• LESTRÉ. See Bussy-Lettre.
• LETTER from Baudricourt to Charles VII on the Maid, III, 115. From the Maid to her parents, I, 129; to the king, I, 75, 222, 248; to the clergy of Fierbois, I, 76; to the English, I, 240; III, 24, 27, 74, 126; IV, 139, 215, 306; V, 95; the same otherwise worded, III, 107. Joan’s explanations about her — to the English, I, 55, 84, 239. From the Maid to the inhabitants of Troyes, IV, 288, 290; V, 145; to those of Tours, V, 154; to the count of Armagnac, I, 246; to the king of Navarre, V, 253. From the duke of Bedford to the king of France, IV, 382. From the English government to the princes of Europe, I, 485; to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 403; to the prelates and lords of France, I, 489; for the guarantee of Joan’s judges, III, 56, 161, 166, 233. From the false Joan of Arc to the king of France, V, 327; to the king of Castile, V, 330. From Charles VII to pope Calixtus, V, 84. From Jean Bréhal to the Dominicans of Vienne, II, 70. From the archbishop of Reims to Jean d’Aulon, III, 208. See the Table of contents of volume 5.
• LINGUÉ (Jean), godfather of the Maid, I, 46. See Langart.
• LIGNY (the count of). See Luxembourg (Jean de).
• LIÉGEOIS (the), fight with the French before Paris, IV, 342.
• LIHONS EN SANTERRE, Lehunum in Sanguine terso. Dean of —, I, 429.
• LILLE in Flanders. Jean Beaupère learns of the Maid’s condemnation there, II, 21.
• LISIEUX, supposed reconquered by the Maid, IV, 337. Bishop of —. See Basin, Castiglione. Dean of the chapter of —. See Coquerel.
• LISLE (Lancelot de), English captain at the siege of Orléans, IV, 97, 106, 109. Killed, IV, 115.
• LIVET (Guillaume de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382, 405, 460. His determination on Joan, I, 358. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426. His sentence, I, 466.
• SAINT-LÔ. The abbot of —, in the town of the same name, witness at the rehabilitation demand, III, 372.
• SAINT-LÔ of Rouen, priory. See Foure (le).
• LOCHES. The dauphin at —, V, 106. Joan goes there, III, 9, 11, 80, 84. Charles VII learns there of the appearance of the false Joan of Arc, V, 327.
• LOGOVERIS. See Louviers.
• LOIRE (De la), the king’s secretary, V, 212.
• LOGES-LES-DAMES, Lohiæ dominarum, name of the fairies’ tree of Domrémy, II, 427, 430, 434, 440, 459. See the Fairies’ Tree, Fairies.
• LOHÉAC (the lord of). See Laval (André de).
• LOHIER (Jean), his opinion on the trial, II, 11, 341; III, 58, 138. Refuses to attend it, II, 380. Threatened with drowning, III, 50. Flees to Rome, II, 11, 203, 252, 300; III, 138.
• LOIRE (the), boundary of the two parties dividing France, V, 35. Joan crosses the — before Orléans, III, 18, 67, 78; IV, 218; above Saint-Loup, III, 6; between Orléans and Jargeau, III, 78; at Checy, IV, 152; V, 290, 344; by ford, IV, 332. Charles VII regains the — despite the Maid, IV, 29, 79; crosses it again, IV, 89, 201. Mills on the — at Orléans, IV, 98, 104, 132. Islands of the —, III, 79, 213, 214; IV, 109, 112, 143, 226; V, 212, 214, 290, 292. See Charlemagne, Île-aux-bœufs, Laurent des Orgerilz (Saint). Turchie or levee of the —, facing Orléans, IV, 97, 112. Val de —, IV, 102, 145, 148.
• LOISELEUR or AUCUPIS (Nicolas), helps lift the siege of Chartres, II, 10. Testifies to the English fear of the Maid, III, 189. Attends the condemnation trial, I, 6, 27, 28, 30, 31, 58, 70, 81, 93, 113, 189, 194, 354, 399, 405, 452, 459; III, 137. False clerk at the first hearings, II, 12; III, 145. Disguises himself, II, 332, 362; III, 60, 133, 141, 156, 162, 173, 181. Betrays Joan’s confessions, II, 10, 342. Given to Joan as counsellor, II, 17, 204; III, 141, 146; as confessor, III, 136, 141. His determination on her, I, 338. His opinion on the torture, I, 403; on the procedure, I, 428. Attends the abjuration, II, 14; III, 146. Gives Joan a woman’s dress, III, 113. His sentence, I, 466. Ill-regarded by many of the assessors, III, 162. Visits Joan before her execution, I, 478. Weeps seeing her die, II, 320; III, 162. Is threatened by the English, III, 178. Deposes after Joan’s death, I, 483. Dies at Basel, III, 162.
• LOISELLEUR or AUCUIS (Nicolas), contributes to lifting the siege of Chartres for the French, II, 10. Witnesses the fear the English have of the Maid, III, 189. Attends the condemnation trial, I, 6, 27, 28, 30, 31, 58, 70, 81, 93, 113, 189, 194, 354, 399, 405, 452, 459; III, 137. False clerk at the first hearings, II, 12; III, 145. Disguises himself, II, 332, 362; III, 60, 133, 141, 156, 162, 173, 181. Betrays Joan’s confessions, II, 10, 342. Given as counsellor to Joan, II, 17, 204; III, 141, 146; as confessor, III, 136, 141. His determination on her, I, 338. His opinion on the torture, I, 403; on the procedure, I, 428. Attends the abjuration, II, 14; III, 146. Gives Joan a woman’s dress, III, 113. His sentence, I, 466. Ill-regarded by many of the assessors, III, 162. Visits Joan before her execution, I, 478. Weeps on seeing her die, II, 320; III, 162. Threatened by the English, III, 178. Deposes after Joan’s death, I, 483. Dies at Bâle, III, 162.
• LOMBART (Jean), examiner of Joan at Poitiers, III, 203, 204. See Lambert.
• LONDON. Proclamations made at —, V, 162, 194. Joan executed at — (fabulous), IV, 535.
• LONDON or TOUR DE LONDRES, bastille before Orléans on the Blois side, IV, 56, 62, 283; V, 292, 349. Plan to attack it, IV, 57, 58.
• LONG (Charlotte), Orléanais, V, 260.
• LONGUEUIL (Richard de), bishop of Coutances, II, 73; III, 368. Delegated by Calixtus III as judge of the rehabilitation, II, 95; V, 86. Sits in that capacity, III, 255, 256, 258, 329, 351. Sets his seal to the last citation, III, 354; and to the sentence, III, 362. Executes the rehabilitation sentence at Orléans, V, 277, 278.
• LONGUEVAL (Regnauld de), captain of Pont-Sainte-Maxence, IV, 395.
• LONGUEVILLE-GIFFARD (priory of). See Migeon (Pierre).
• LORÉ (Ambroise de), at the deliverance of Orléans, III, 4, 93, 94; IV, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 61; V, 53. Sent to fetch help from Blois, IV, 55, 152, 213, 221. Worries the English in their retreat from Orléans, IV, 63, 233. Attends the Jargeau expedition, IV, 64; the capture of Beaugency, IV, 67; the battle of Patay, IV, 68, 177. Obtains the command of the army before Troyes, IV, 76, 184, 253. Sent to reconnoitre at Montépilloy, IV, 81, 191. Appointed captain of Lagny, IV, 88, 89, 201; fights against Franquet d’Arras, V, 72.
• LORRAINE. Joan native of —, IV, 300, 304, 426, 478, 486, 508, 522; V, 91, 359; of the marches of —, IV, 3; V, 289; surnamed of —, V, 83. Chronicle of —, IV, 329. Gentleman of —, charged by the English to inform against Joan, III, 192.
• LORRAINE, name of a pursuivant-at-arms, V, 356.
• LORRAINE (Charles, duke of), has Joan brought to Nancy, I, 54, 222; II, 391, 406, 437, 444, 457; counsel he received from her, III, 87. Receives Joan and Baudricourt together (fabulous), IV, 331. Besieges Metz, V, 355.
• LORRAINE (Jean de). See Calabre.
• LOSTE (Pierre), priest of Chailly, III, 223.
• SAINT LOUIS, considered by Joan as the protector of France, III, 6, 7; IV, 208, 219. Charles VII promises to imitate —, IV, 295; is inferior to —, IV, 325.
• LOUIS XI, as dauphin, at Loches, V, 106. Prophecy about him attributed to the Maid, III, 434, 465. Charged with pacifying Poitou, V, 333. As king, prosecutes the Maid’s judges, IV, 521, 528. Appoints a nephew of the Maid to the échevinage of Arras, V, 228. Has Joan’s trial put into the Trésor des chartes, V, 254. His name engraved on the Maid’s house, V, 245. Pensions the Maid’s great-nephew, V, 280, 281; and Philippe d’Aulon, III, 207. Mentioned, IV, 338; V, 146.
• LOUIS XII, has Joan’s trials translated into French, IV, 254, 257, 266; V, 411.
• LOUIS XIII, allows the Du Lys cadets to take the Maid’s arms, V, 225, 231. Reduces the d’Arc family’s nobility privilege, V, 233.
• LOUIS XV, confirms the franchise of the parishes of Greux and Domrémy, V, 137. Monuments raised to the Maid under his reign, V, 236, 238.
• LOUIS XVIII, authorises the purchase of the Maid’s house by the département of the Vosges, V, 251.
• LOUDUN. The count of Richemont at —, IV, 316.
• SAINT-LOUP, church near Orléans, III, 5, 6, 124; IV, 106, 158, 223; V, 288, 297. Bastille —, I, 78, 293; III, 5, 69, 79, 106, 126, 127, 212, 213; IV, 7, 43, 57, 157, 222, 224, 282, 348, 365, 492; V, 54, 101, 291, 348, 290. Port —, IV, 108, 112.
• LOUVAIN (Pierre de), accomplice in the murder of Guillaume de Flavy, IV, 273; V, 373.
• LOUVEL (Jean), abbot of Saint-Magloire of Paris, present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 372.
• LOUVET (Pierre), historian of Beauvais, cited, V, 450.
• LOUVIERS (siege of), resumed after Joan’s death, II, 3, 344, 348, 373; III, 189; V, 169; money voted for that purpose, V, 179, 181.
• LOUVRES, in Parisis, IV, 47.
• LOWÉ (Nicole), Metz notable, V, 322, 323.
• LOYSEUX (Jean), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109.
• LOYSON (Martin), advocate of Rouen, V, 272.
• LUÇON (the bishop of), informs on prodigies that occurred in Poitou, V, 122.
• LUCRATOIS (Richard), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59.
• LUDE (the sire du), killed at Jargeau, III, 96, 174, 237.
• LUDEWIGE, inspired woman of Brabant, III, 466.
• LUILLIER (Jean), bourgeois of Orléans, sells cloth to dress the Maid, V, 112, 113. Dines at Orléans with the false Joan of Arc, V, 331. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 23.
• LUILLIER (Jean), councillor of Orléans, obtains indulgences for the celebration of the 8 May festival, V, 307.
• LUILLIER (Jean), clerk of the Normandy treasury, V, 191, 196.
• LUNA (Alvaro de), constable of Castile, sends help to France at the false Joan of Arc’s request, V, 330. His chronicle, V, 329.
• LUREUX (Laurent), witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 234.
• LUSSI (N. de), signatory of a letter on Charles VII’s coronation, V, 130.
• LUTERA (Boemond de), subscribes Joan’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• LUXEMBOURG (the demoiselle of), in relation with the Maid, I, 95, 231.
• LUXEMBOURG (Élisabeth de Gorlitz, duchess of), V, 322, 324.
• LUXEMBOURG (Jean de), count of Ligny, receives an embassy from the besieged Orléanais, IV, 130. Negotiates with Charles VII returning from Reims, IV, 47, 390. Besieges Choisy-sur-Aisne, IV, 49. Has Soissons handed to him, IV, 50. Commands at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 324, 399, 400, 439, 441, 445, 467. The Maid handed into his hands, II, 298; IV, 34, 402, 428, 447, 516; V, 177. Announces the news, IV, 458. Holds her in his château of Beaurevoir. See Beaurevoir. Required to hand her over, I, 3, 4, 10, 20; II, 293, 360; diverted from this by his aunt, I, 231; refuses for a long time, IV, 262; sells her, IV, 35, 50, 92, 346, 517; V, 74; visits her in her prison at Rouen, III, 122.
• LUXEMBOURG (Louis de), bishop of Thérouanne, chancellor of Henry VI, charged with the defence of Paris, IV, 85, 197, 392, 436, 454. Has the Maid’s armour carried off from Saint-Denis, IV, 89. Negotiates Joan’s sale to the English, IV, 35; visits her in prison, III, 122; attends her trial, I, 429; her abjuration, I, 443; her execution, I, 469; weeps, II, 355; III, 130, 169, 177, 184. Created archbishop of Reims, II, 9. Joan’s death imputed to him, IV, 35.
• LYON. News of the Maid sent from —, IV, 426. Gerson writes his treatise on the Maid there, III, 298; V, 464. Deposition taken at —, III, 206.
• LYONNAIS (le), remains faithful to Charles VII, IV, 127.
• LYS. The fleurs-de-lys miraculously given to the kings of France, IV, 534. Fleur de —, denomination of the kings of France, V, 7, 28; of a pursuivant-at-arms, V, 326. The —, cry of the house of Lys, V, 231. Court of —. See Cœur.
• LYS (du), name of the Maid’s ennobled brothers, V, 210, 213, 276, 278, 279, 280, 326. See Arc (Jean et Pierre d’), Dalie.
• LYS (Catherine du), daughter of Pierre d’Arc, V, 219 note.
• LYS (Charles du), advocate-general at the cour des aides, V, 226, 230, 342. His papers at Carpentras, V, 342. His manuscript of the trial, V, 409, 460.
• LYS (Claude du), V, 245.
• LYS (Jean du), called la Pucelle or le Vieux, V, 212, 229, 278, 280, 281, 316.
• LYS (Jean du), surnamed le Jeune, V, 228, 230.
• LYS (Jean du), son of Jean le Jeune, V, 228.
• LYS (Jeanne du), name usurped by the false Joan of Arc, V, 328.
• LYS (Luc du), sieur de Reinemoulin, V, 226, 231.
• LYS (Michel du), grandson of Jean le Jeune, V, 228.
• MACÉE, wife Fagoue, of Orléans, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 35.
• MACÉE (la), woman of Poitiers, III, 203.
• MACHET (Gérard), bishop of Castres, confessor of Charles VII, III, 11, 75, 76; IV, 509; V, 340. Confidant of the secret revealed by the Maid, IV, 128, 208.
• MACHOIRE (Guillaume le), canon of Rouen, I, 354.
• MÂCON (Jean de), words Joan said to him at Orléans, V, 291.
• MÂCON (Jean), examiner of Joan at Poitiers, III, 27, 29.
• MÂCON (Robert le), lord of Trèves, III, 11; IV, 208. Presents the young Laval lords to the king, V, 106, 109. Advice he gives at the council before Troyes, IV, 74, 182. Commission of the inhabitants of Tours and Angers to him, IV, 473 note. Present at Joan’s ennoblement, V, 153. His wife. See Trèves.
• MACY (Aimond de), present at the abjuration, III, 122. Saw Joan at Beaurevoir, III, 121. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 120.
• SAINTE-MADELEINE, church of Orléans, IV, 106, 117.
• MADER, French captain at the defence of Orléans, IV, 141 note.
• MAGISTRI or LEMAISTRE (Jean), vicar of the inquisitor of France in the diocese of Rouen, I, 2. Called to Joan’s trial, asks time to reflect, I, 33, 34; figures there as assistant, I, 35, 37, 39, 48, 50, 58, 69, 81. Constituted judge by the inquisitor of France, I, 123; II, 202; and despite himself, II, 340; III, 139, 153, 167, 172. Sits as such, I, 134, 150, 156, 161, 173, 180, 188, 189, 190, 194, 195. Instituted a clerk, I, 148. Threatened by Pierre Cauchon, II, 13, 326. Speaks of the trial’s irregularities, II, 325; III, 153, 171. His opinion on the torture, I, 404. The sentences rendered in his name and in that of the bishop of Beauvais, I, 450. Makes Joan leave off the men’s clothes, I, 453; visits her the morning of her death, I, 481. Receives reparation for an insult about her, I, 493. Condemns the man who insulted him, I, 495. Paid for Joan’s trial, III, 57; V, 202. Receives a copy of the instrument, III, 135. Considered as vice-inquisitor of Beauvais, II, 100, 141; as excommunicated, II, 216.
• MAGISTRI (Guillaume), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 92.
• SAINT-MAGLOIRE. Abbot of — of Paris. See Louvel. Prior of —, of Orléans. See Bonnart.
• MAGUELONNE (the bishop of), examiner of the Maid, III, 92.
• MAHORIET (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382.
• MAHY (Jean), Orléanais, V, 263.
• MAIGNELAIS (Tristan de), hands back Gournay-sur-Aronde, IV, 395; V, 176.
• MALLÉ (the lord of), performs the office of peer at the coronation, IV, 380.
• MAILLY (Jean de), bishop of Noyon, attends the condemnation trial, I, 429; III, 54; at the abjuration, I, 443; III, 54; at the execution, I, 469; III, 55. Subscribes the judges’ safeguard, III, 243. Cited for the rehabilitation, III, 43. Deposes, III, 53.
• MAILLY (Nicolas or Colart de), bailiff of Vermandois for the English, seeks to encourage the inhabitants of Reims, IV, 294. Replaced by La Hire, IV, 381. Present at Joan’s extradition demand, I, 13.
• MAINE (le), conquered by the English, IV, 301. Count of —, IV, 338. See Anjou (Charles d’).
• MAIRE (Le), historian of Orléans, cited, V, 253.
• MAIRE (Guillaume Le), examiner of Joan at Poitiers, III, 203. See Marié (Le).
• MAIRE (Jean Le), priest of Saint-Vincent of Rouen, present at Joan’s abjuration, III, 177. Cited for the rehabilitation, III, 45. Deposes, III, 177.
• MAIRE-AUBERY (Le), inhabitant of Domrémy, I, 67. His wife. See Jeanne.
• MAISTRE (Husson Le), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 197. Had seen Joan at Reims, III, 199.
• MAISTRE (Jean le). See Magistri.
• MALADERETE (La), near Beaugency, IV, 317.
• MALEDON (Jacques), examiner of Joan at Poitiers, III, 203.
• MALET (Anne), daughter of Louis de Graville, V, 446.
• MALET (Jean), sire de Graville, at the defence of Orléans, IV, 6, 43, 57, 141, 142, 158, 164. At the battle of the Herrings, IV, 119, 125. At the capture of Saint-Loup, IV, 157. At the Jargeau expedition, IV, 64, 167. At Reims, IV, 46, 185; V, 129. At Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193.
• MALET (Louis), de Graville, brings about the translation of Joan’s trials, IV, 254, 257, 266; V, 411, 446.
• MALLIÈRE, secretary of Charles VII, V, 153.
• SAINT MAMERT, one of the patrons of Orléans, V, 315. His shrine, V, 309, 311.
• MAMINES (the lord of), at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 441.
• MANCHON (Guillaume), church notary, I, 8, 37, 113, 138, 149, 340, 475. Clerk despite himself at the condemnation trial, II, 340; III, 137; principally charged with the writings, III, 195. His institution, I, 25; III, 134, 137. Takes office, I, 31. His place at the hearings, III, 146. Does not record Joan’s appeal to the council, II, 349. Forced to spy on Joan, II, 11; III, 140. Refuses to alter the interrogatories, II, 13, 331, 341; reads them, I, 190. Reprimanded by Joan, III, 176. Complains of false clerks planted at the hearings, III, 132, 136. Threatened by the English, II, 376; III, 148. Intercedes for Massieu, II, 16. Records the determination of twenty-two assessors, I, 340. Attends the abjuration, III, 147; the execution, II, 14. Signs the trial, I, 475; V, 397; and the abridgement of the trial, III, 145, 386. Refuses to sign the posthumous inquiry, II, 14. Translates the trial into Latin, II, 156; III, 135; makes three transcriptions of it, III, 135; V, 387. His grief, II, 15; III, 150. Buys a prayer-book with the trial money, II, 15; III, 150. Deposes in 1450, II, 10; in 1452, II, 297, 339; III, 150. Declines responsibility for the judgement, II, 155. Delivers the minute, II, 156; III, 135, 160, 376. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 270. Recognises the authenticity of the 1452 inquiry, II, 157; and of the trial instrument delivered by him, III, 135; as well as of the draft of the twelve articles, III, 143; written by his hand, III, 196, 231. Summoned as witness, II, 161; III, 41. Produced, II, 191. Récolé, III, 45, 133.
• MANCHON (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 156.
• MANDRAKE. Joan accused of superstition relative to the —, I, 89, 213.
• LE MANS. Homeland of the false Joan of Arc, V, 336. Plans of the sire de Rais against —, V, 333. Bishop of —. See Berruyer.
• MANTES, town, V, 169. The bailiff of — killed at the siege of Orléans, IV, 162.
• MANUEL (Pierre), advocate of the king of England, speaks to the Maid, III, 200.
• MANUSCRIPTS. History of the — of the condemnation trial, V, 388; their description, V, 392. Description of the — of the rehabilitation, V, 438, 447. See Library.
• MARO (Rémond), échevin of Paris, IV, 464.
• SAINT-MARC, church of Orléans, IV, 106, 136.
• SAINT-MARCEAU, parish near Orléans, IV, 145. Shrine of —, V, 311.
• MARCEL (Jean), Parisian, present at the Maid’s abjuration, III, 88; at the execution, III, 90. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 88.
• SAINT-MARCEL, lès Paris. Dean of —, IV, 454.
• MARCEY. See Maxey.
• LA MARCHE (the lord of). See Armagnac (Bernard d’).
• VIEUX-MARCHÉ. See Rouen.
• MARCHENOIR. The tower of —, IV, 419. English treason at —, IV, 179.
• MARCONNET (Louis de), at Patay, IV, 376.
• MARGOUT (Philippin), master-échevin of Metz, V, 321, 323.
• SAINT-MARCOUL. See Corbeny.
• MARE (Simon de La), subscribes Joan’s condemnation, I, 421.
• SAINTE-MAREGLISE (Richard de), executor at the rehabilitation trial, II, 191, 193; III, 42, 46, 376.
• MARESCAL (Philippe), attends the condemnation trial, I, 81.
• MARGNY, before Compiègne, post of the Burgundians, IV, 399, 400, 441, 446, 447; V, 176. The Maid visited at — by the duke of Burgundy, IV, 402, 447.
• MARGUERIE (André), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 49, 59, 81, 194, 202, 354, 382, 399, 405, 430, 459. Disapproves of the lay prison, III, 183. Bullied for having asked for clarifications, III, 180. Present at the abjuration, I, 444; at the execution, I, 469. Threatened by the English, II, 330; III, 158, 184. His opinion on the procedure, I, 200, 424; on the torture, I, 403. His sentence, I, 464. Deposes in 1452, II, 353. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41. Produced, II, 191. Récolé, III, 45, 162.
• SAINT MARGARET, how she appears to Joan, I, 71, 72, 74, 85, 93, 153, 177, 255, 268, 329; IV, 469; speaks to her, I, 85, 107, 117, 181, 218; in French, not in English, I, 86. Joan promises her the secret, I, 90; makes a vow of virginity to her, I, 127, 269. She comes without Joan calling her, I, 127. Announced to Joan by Saint Michael, I, 170, 256. Embraced by Joan, I, 186; reverenced by her, I, 186, 187, 335, 395; reproaches her for her abjuration, I, 456. Joan deceived by the demon under the figure of —, IV, 472.
• MARIANA, consults the Notre-Dame manuscript, V, 451.
• MARY (the Virgin). See Virgin (the Holy).
• MARIS (Thomas), deposes in 1452, II, 370. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41.
• MARIÉ (Guillaume Le), examiner of Joan, III, 19.
• MARNE (la), crossed by the French, IV, 433. French retreat beyond the —, IV, 50.
• GODMOTHERS of the Maid. See Jeanne, Jeannette, Sibylle.
• MARTIGNET (Louis de), questioned for the rehabilitation, II, 405.
• MARTIN (par mon), the Maid’s oath, IV, 4, 5, 8, 11, 18, 24, 27, 33. See God, Saint John.
• MARTIN V, pope, I, 5, 245.
• MARTIN (Jean), present at the Orléans inquiry, III, 23.
• SAINT-MARTIN of Tours, V, 154, 155, 216.
• SAINT-MARTIN-DES-CHAMPS, in Paris. Preaching on Joan’s death at —, IV, 471.
• MARTROY (le). See Orléans.
• MARVILLE, in Lorraine, V, 322, 323, 328.
• MARY (Artus de Saint-), hands Lagny back to the French, IV, 88.
• MASQUERAN (le Bourg de), at the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 44, 149.
• MASSÉE. See Macée.
• MASSIEU (Jean), attends the trial, I, 8, 27, 31, 113, 135, 173, 399. His institution as usher-executor, I, 26, 138. Executes against the Maid, I, 42, 44; III, 151; his consideration for her, II, 16; III, 151; assists her during the abjuration, II, 15, 17; III, 156, 197. Blamed by Warwick, III, 154. Threatened by Cauchon, II, 16, 330. Summons Joan to the place of execution, I, 468; brings her there, I, 470; II, 14; III, 159; and attends, II, 20, 334. Deposes in 1450, II, 15; in 1452, II, 329. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 164; III, 44. Produced, II, 191. Récolé, III, 45, 150.
• MASSON (Jean), historian of Joan of Arc, V, 389 note.
• MATHAGO or MATHE-GOUGH, English captain, IV, 44, 412.
• MATHIAS (messire), Aragonese, at the defence of Orléans, IV, 98.
• SAINT-MATHURIN, at Orléans, IV, 103, 142.
• MATHURINS (Grange des), near Paris, IV, 466.
• MAUBOUDET (Martin de), Orléanais, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 28. Lodges the rehabilitation judges, V, 277.
• MAUGIER (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 354, 384, 405, 459. His determination on Joan, I, 345. His opinion on the procedure, I, 427. His sentence, I, 467.
• MAUGIER or MAUGERIT (Pierre), advocate of the rehabilitation, II, 93; III, 351. Sets out the d’Arc family’s petition, II, 98; III, 374. Pleads in French, II, 139.
• MAULIN (Nicolas), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 70, 81, 92.
• MAURICE (Pierre), summoned to the condemnation trial, III, 62; attends it, I, 29, 31, 34, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 113, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 202, 323, 384, 404, 430, 459. Questions the Maid, II, 16; hears her confession, III, 50; counsels her at the end of the trial, II, 343; teaches her what the Church is, II, 351. Threatened by the English, II, 356; III, 178. Present at the abjuration, I, 443; gives Joan a woman’s dress, III, 143; grief at her relapse, III, 164. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 428. His determination on Joan, I, 337; admonishes her, I, 430; III, 60; condemns, I, 466; visits her before her execution, I, 478, 484; his conversation with her, III, 194. Attends the execution, I, 469. Deposes after Joan’s death, I, 479. Testifies to the English fear of the Maid, III, 189. Paid for his participation in the trial, V, 197, 200, 208.
• MAXEY-SUR-MEUSE, village of the Burgundian party, I, 65. Children of — fighting with those of Domrémy, I, 66.
• MAXEY-SUR-VAISE, near Vaucouleurs. Joan goes there, II, 442.
• MAXEY-SUR-VAISE (Messire Pierre de), that is, Pierre, priest of —, II, 387. See Fisciolis.
• MAZIER (Simon or Simonnet le), Orléanais, V, 278.
• MEAUX. Siege of —, IV, 299. Bishop of —. See Vaulx (Pasquier de); Versailles (Pierre de).
• MÉDAILLES, in honour of the Maid, I, 291. See Tokens.
• SAINT-MÉDARD, church near Paris. Priest of —, IV, 454.
• MEDICI, perhaps Le Mire (Nicolas), attends the condemnation trial, I, 58, 69.
• MEERMAN (Gérard and Jean), possessors of a trial manuscript, V, 408.
• MEINIÈRES (Duret de), possessor of a trial manuscript, V, 409.
• MEINZEBERG (Jean de), communicates to Goldast a treatise on the Maid, V, 475.
• MELUN. Joan at —, I, 145, 253. The duke of Bedford at —, IV, 78.
• MENDE (bishopric of), V, 168.
• MENDIANTS (moines), sought out by Joan, III, 14, 104.
• SAINTE-MENEHOULD (the town of), besieged, V, 354.
• MÉNESTRIER (le P.), mentioned, V, 127.
• MÉNÉTRIERS, lent to the English by the French, IV, 105.
• MENGETTE, wife Joyart, questioned at Domrémy, II, 429.
• MERLE (Jean), fourrier of the dauphin, V, 146, 149.
• MERLIN (prophecy of), III, 133, 340; IV, 305, 480; V, 12. Reported and commented on, III, 341.
• MERAT (Jean), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109.
• MERLERAULT (sergenterie du), in the vicomté d’Exmes, V, 190.
• MERPELLE (Guillaume), witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, II, 284.
• SAINT-MERRY, church of Paris, IV, 463.
• MERSEBOURG (bishop of), III, 461.
• MÉSARD (Guillaume), church notary, II, 157. Another, surnamed le Jeune, church notary, V, 301.
• MESLE (Guillaume du), abbot of Saint-Ouen of Rouen, attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 80, 381, 459; at the abjuration, I, 443. His sentence, I, 463.
• MESMIN (Gilles de Saint-), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 26. His wife, see Jeanne.
• MESMIN (Aignan de Saint-), procurator of Orléans, V, 275; deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 29.
• MESNAGE (Matthieu), examiner of Joan at Poitiers, III, 10.
• MESNART (Pierre), author of an authentic copy of the rehabilitation, V, 457.
• MESNIL (sergenterie du), in the vicomté d’Exmes, V, 187.
• MESNIL (Jean du), present at the Orléans inquiry, III, 24.
• MASS. Joan often attended it at the village, II, 408, 413; her desire to hear it on journey, II, 438, 457; wept at it, III, 32; missed it only when impossible, III, 72, 81, 218; as prisoner asks to hear it, I, 165, 192, 227, 456; III, 136. Promised and not granted, I, 455; II, 202. Celebrated by Joan’s order after the deliverance of Orléans, III, 29; IV, 232. Sung for the king and for Joan, V, 165.
• METZ. The town of — besieged by the duke of Lorraine, V, 355. The false Joan of Arc at —, V, 321, 323, 324, 325. Chronicle of —, IV, 321; V, 321, 323, 324 note. Official of —. See Saint-Thibaud. Grange-aux-Ormes near —, V, 321, 323. Porte Muzele, at —, V, 324.
• METZ (Jean de). See Novelompont.
• MEUN or MEHUN-SUR-LOIRE. Death of Salisbury at —, IV, 101; V, 288. Looting at — during the siege of Orléans, IV, 144. The English of Orléans withdraw there, III, 71, 97, 110; IV, 10, 44, 63, 102, 164, 232, 479, 496; as do those of Beaugency, IV, 176. English army sent to —, III, 10. Joan’s expedition to —, IV, 13, 65, 481; V, 296. The English garrison of — taken to Janville, IV, 14, 67, 176, 318; returns the eve of the battle of Patay, IV, 417. Bridge of — won, IV, 65, 174, 240; and held, IV, 176, 242, 417. Breton help at the bridge of —, IV, 318. Capture of —, IV, 17, 46, 244; V, 58, 120, 122.
• MEUN (Jean de), astrologer. See Buillons.
• MEUN-SUR-YÈVRE. The king at —, III, 217; V, 153. Collegiate church of —. See Thierry.
• MEYZEAU (Paul), gives the Maid’s hat to the Oratorians of Orléans, V, 234.
• MEUSE, river, I, 209; IV, 41, 326; V, 115.
• SAINT MICHAEL, his apparitions to Joan, I, 72, 73, 169, 170, 218, 256, 328; in what form, I, 89, 93, 171, 173, 218, 249, 268; IV, 469; when they ceased, I, 89, 319. Joan’s reverences towards him, I, 130, 167, 335; she implores him in her last moments, II, 324; III, 53, 159. Apparition of — at Chinon, I, 282, 330, 396; IV, 469; acknowledged fictitious by Joan, I, 479, 480, 481, 484; she is justified in this by her defenders, II, 182, 248. Charles VII required to have faith in —, IV, 326. Joan deceived by the demon in the form of —, IV, 472, 504.
• SAINT-MICHEL, church of Orléans, IV, 102; of Rouen, IV, 274.
• SAINT-MICHEL (abbey of Mont —). See Jolivet (Robert).
• SAINT-MICHEL (priory of), near Rouen, II, 370.
• SAINT-MICHEL (Jean de), Scot, bishop of Orléans, IV, 130, 479; V, 296. Present at the coronation, V, 129. See Kirkmichael.
• MIDI (Nicolas), attends the condemnation trial, I, 29, 34, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 113, 125, 131, 134, 149, 150, 151, 161, 173, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 202, 323, 375, 404, 420, 430, 452. Summoned from Paris to attend, III, 57. Questions the Maid, II, 16. Extracts the twelve articles, III, 60. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 425. His determination on Joan, I, 337; exhorts her to submit, I, 380; II, 21. Sent back to Paris, I, 407, 409. Attends the abjuration, I, 443. Preaches on the day of the execution, I, 470; II, 334; III, 53, 144, 159; substance of his sermon, III, 194. Sent to confirm Joan’s relapse, is threatened by the English, II, 21. Biased against Joan, III, 140. Paid for his participation in the trial, V, 197, 200, 204, 208. Exerts himself for two imprisoned canons of Rouen, V, 372. Struck with leprosy, III, 165. Was dead by 1456, III, 60.
• MIGEON or MIGIET (Pierre), prior of Longueville, attends the condemnation trial, I, 6, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 188, 189, 195, 202, 381, 404, 459. Complains of the manner of collecting the interrogatories, III, 132. Present at the abjuration, I, 443; at the execution, I, 469; weeps there, III, 129. Denounced as a supporter of Joan, II, 364; III, 131. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 424; on the revelations, II, 302; III, 129. His determination on Joan, I, 337. His sentence, I, 464. Deposes as witness in 1452, II, 300, 360. Declares the sentence unjust, IV, 362. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41; produced, II, 191; récolé, III, 45, 129. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 290 note; III, 255.
• MIGNON (Berthault and Étienne), Orléanais, IV, 137; V, 213 note.
• SAINT-MIHIEL, in Barrois, V, 212.
• MILAN. See Visconti.
• MILBEAU (Yves), confessor of the duke of Brittany, deputed to the Maid, IV, 498; V, 264.
• MILET (Adam), secretary of the king of England, assistant at the condemnation trial, I, 193.
• MILET (Guillaume), king’s procurator at Argentan, V, 178.
• MILET (N.), secretary of the duke of Burgundy, V, 167.
• MILET (Pierre), clerk of the élection of Paris, III, 123. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 125. Colette, his wife, deposes also, III, 123.
• MINET (Jean), priest of Domrémy, I, 46.
• MINIER (Pierre), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 48, 69, 81, 92, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443. His determination on Joan, I, 369; II, 359; for which he receives reproaches, II, 325, 356; III, 171. His opinion on the procedure, I, 427; not received at the trial, III, 173.
• MINUTE of the trial. See Condemnation, Manchon (Guillaume).
• MIRAMBEAU, in Saintonge, V, 535.
• MINLY (Jacques de), fights at Patay, IV, 376.
• MIRE (le). See Medici.
• MIROIR (le) des femmes vertueuses, IV, 267.
• MISSION of Joan, set forth, I, 52, 133, 216, 231, 394; III, 16, 20, 74, 99, 115, 205; V, 15, 28, 120, 132. Within what term it was to be accomplished, I, 134; II, 436; III, 99; IV, 214. Delayed by unbelief, IV, 326. Joan’s remark on her —, III, 110; IV, 311.
• MITRY-EN-FRANCE, village, IV, 46, 80, 189, 433.
• MOEN (Jean), of Coussey, questioned at Domrémy, II, 399.
• MOLAIN or MOULART (Philibert de), Burgundian captain, IV, 286, 297.
• MOLYNS (lord), at the siege of Orléans, IV, 44, 61, 62, 97, 162, 365; V, 294.
• MONDIDIER, town of Picardy, IV, 395, 397, 400.
• MONNET (Jean), wrote several of Joan’s interrogatories, III, 63. His place at the hearings, III, 146. Present at the abjuration, III, 64. Cited for the rehabilitation, III, 44. Deposes, III, 62.
• MONSTRELET (Enguerran de), author on the Maid, IV, 360. Present at the interview of the duke of Burgundy and the Maid, IV, 402. What he says of the Shepherd, V, 172.
• MONTAIGNE (Michel de), describes the Maid’s house, V, 246.
• MONTAGNE (sergenterie de la), in the vicomté d’Exmes, V, 188.
• MONTAIGU, in Poitou, V, 333.
• MONTARGIS. Passage of Charles VII and the Maid at —, IV, 286. Return of Charles VII and Joan via —, IV, 89, 201. Name of an artillery piece at Orléans, IV, 104. Garrison of —, at Orléans, IV, 222. Captain of —. See Villars.
• MONTAUBAN (Robert de), Breton of the Patay expedition, IV, 316.
• MONTBAZON (Guillaume and Colas de), bourgeois of Tours, V, 155, 271.
• MONTE-ALCINO (Jean or Pierre de), Sienese astrologer, predicts the Maid’s advent, III, 344.
• MONTECLAIRE, near Andelot, I, 209; II, 453.
• MONTÉPILLOY or MONTESPILLOUY. Skirmishes of —, IV, 21, 22, 47, 82, 83, 84, 193, 194, 195, 324, 386, 387, 388, 434, 435. Battle refused at —, against Joan’s advice, IV, 23; she changes her opinion several times, IV, 388. Richemont missed at —, IV, 320. Tower of —, IV, 433.
• MONTEREAU-OU-FAUT-YONNE. Bedford at —, IV, 382. Captain of —. See Guerrard.
• MONTFAUCON, in Berry; the Maid stays there, I, 106.
• MONTFAULCON (Pierre de), notable of Reims, V, 144.
• MONTFORT (lord of the house of), V, 106.
• MONTGOMMERY (the lord of), at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 397, 399, 444; V, 175.
• MONTIER-SUR-SAULX, parish of the diocese of Toul, II, 392.
• MONTIGNY, in Champagne, V, 210.
• MONTIGNY (Jean de), his opinion on Joan’s trial, III, 319; notice of this work, V, 466.
• MONTJAY, place handed back to the French, IV, 391.
• MONTJEU (Philibert de), bishop of Coutances; his determination on Joan, I, 361.
• MONTJOIE, herald-at-arms, IV, 298.
• MONTMARTRE. The French lodged at —, IV, 342, 392.
• MONTMIRAIL, in Brie. Charles VII is received at —, IV, 20.
• MONTMORENCY (the baron of), comes to the Maid, IV, 28. Brings about his submission, IV, 391. Made knight before Paris, IV, 87.
• MONTPENSIER (the count of), at the siege of La Charité, V, 149.
• MONTPINÇON (sergenterie de), in the vicomté d’Exmes, V, 189.
• MONTEREAU, abandoned by the English, IV, 178, 244. Lord of —. See Rochechouart.
• MONTREUIL (Raymond de), killed at the siege of La Charité, IV, 49.
• MONTREUIL-SUR-MER, V, 144.
• MORA (Simon de), witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, II, 284.
• MORAINVILLIER (Jean de), married to Jeanne de Flavy, V, 372.
• MORCHOISNE (Jean), procurator of the town of Orléans, V, 260, 263, 270.
• MORCHOISNE (Gilet), Orléanais, V, 274.
• MOREAL (Montréal?), signatory of a letter on Charles VII’s coronation, V, 130.
• MOREAU (Jean), of Domrémy, attends the two public scenes of the Maid’s trial, III, 194. Questioned on the fate of the first inquiry made in Joan’s country, II, 381. Deposes for the rehabilitation, II, 194.
• MOREAU (Jean), bookseller of Orléans, I, 99.
• MOREL (Aubert), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 49, 59, 69, 81, 92, 196, 382, 399, 405, 460; at the abjuration, I, 444. His opinion on the procedure, I, 200, 426. His determination on Joan, I, 356. His opinion on the torture, I, 403. His sentence, I, 466.
• MOREL (Jean), godfather of the Maid, II, 395, 398, 408, 415, 419, 422, 426. Flees at the same time as she to Neufchâteau, II, 392. Saw her again at Châlons in 1429, II, 391. Questioned in the inquiry made by the English, II, 463; does not admit it, II, 392. Deposes for the rehabilitation, II, 387.
• MORELLES (Goliard), German magician, III, 463.
• MORELLET or MOREUL (Robert), attends the condemnation trial, I, 49, 60, 70, 81.
• MORET (Jean), abbot of Préaux, attends the condemnation trial, I, 49, 59, 69, 81, 92, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443.
• MORHIER (Simon), provost of Paris, commanded at the day of the Herrings, IV, 120. Charged with the defence of Paris, IV, 85, 197, 454.
• MORIAU (Alix), hostess of the Maid’s father at Reims, V, 266.
• MORILLON (Hervé), abbot of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 372.
• MORIN (Jourdain), examiner of the Maid at Poitiers, III, 92, 102.
• MORINENSIS episcopus, bishop of Thérouanne. See Luxembourg (Louis de).
• MORISSE. See Maurice.
• MORLAIRES or MORLAIES (Germer de), prior of the Dominicans of Beauvais, II, 133, 279.
• MORTEMART (the lord of), at Orléans, V, 270.
• MORTEMER (abbey of). See Theroule (Guillaume).
• MORVILLIERS (Philippe de), president at the parlement of Paris, IV, 456.
• LA MOTHE-EN-BASSIGNY, III, 192, 198.
• LA MOTTE-DE-NANGIS, in Brie, IV, 79, 187.
• MOTTIER. See Fayette (La).
• MOUCHY (Jean de), Orléanais, III, 34. His wife. See Jeanne.
• MOULINS, in Bourbonnais. The Maid at —, V, 148, 150.
• MOUTON or MUTOINS (Guillaume), attends the condemnation trial, I, 324.
• MOUY (the lord of), makes his submission, IV, 394.
• MOYNET (Jean), Orléanais, V, 274, 308.
• MUGOT, surname of the Maid’s page, III, 124. See Contes (Louis de).
• MUSNIER (Simonin), witness questioned at Domrémy, II, 423.
• MYSTÈRES, represented at the festival of the deliverance of Orléans, V, 79, 309, 344.
• NAILHAC (Jean de), lord of Châteaubrun and viscount of Bridiers, killed at the day of the Herrings, IV, 123, 124, 136.
• NANCY. Joan’s journey to —, IV, 331. See Lorraine (Charles de).
• NANGIS (Guillaume de). Continuator of the chronicle of —, IV, 313.
• NANGIS (La Motte de). See Motte.
• NANTES. Dissension among the Dominicans of —, II, 71.
• NARBONNE. The deliverance of Orléans announced to the inhabitants of —, V, 104.
• NAVARRE (king of). Letter written by the Maid to —, V, 253.
• NECROMANCY. Dissertation on —, III, 430.
• NEEL (Jean), witness at a rehabilitation act, II, 284.
• NEF DES DAMES (la), cited, IV, 344 note.
• NEMOURS. English garrison at —, IV, 413.
• NESLE-en-Tardenois (château de), IV, 274; V, 371.
• NESLE (Gui de), gives asylum to Guillaume de Flavy, V, 370.
• NEUFCHÂTEAU, in Lorraine. The Maid takes refuge there, I, 54, 244; II, 392, 395, 397, 399, 402, 409, 414, 416, 419, 424, 425, 435, 441, 454. Mentioned, II, 389, 396, 398, 401, 403; IV, 326.
• NEUVILLE (Colin de), échevin of Paris, IV, 464.
• LA NEUVILLE-EN-HEZ, submits to the French, IV, 391.
• NIBAT (Jean de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 189, 196, 202, 381, 404, 459. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199. His determination on Joan, I, 337. His sentence, I, 465.
• NICOLAS, godson of the Maid, II, 427.
• SAINT-NICOLAS-DES-CHAMPS, in Paris. Priest of —, IV, 454.
• SAINT-NICOLAS-LE-PEINTEUR, parish of Rouen, II, 11, 339; III, 134.
• SAINT-NICOLAS-DU-PORT, near Nancy. Joan goes there on pilgrimage, II, 447, 457.
• NIDER (Jean), author on the Maid, IV, 502; on the false Joan of Arc, V, 324.
• NOGENT-LE-ROI, taken by Salisbury, V, 286.
• NOGENT-SUR-SEINE, IV, 286.
• NONETTE (la), river, IV, 22, 82, 83, 192.
• NORFOLK (county of), V, 194.
• NORMANDY. Conquest of — counselled, IV, 168, 235. Joan refuses to go there at the beginning, III, 12; the king does not want her to go after the coronation, IV, 30, 48; induced to this by La Trémouille, V, 71. The garrison of Beaugency withdraws there, IV, 45. Put in a state of defence by Bedford, IV, 85, 394, 436. Subsidy voted by the Estates of —, V, 179. Supposedly conquered by the Maid, IV, 336. Chronicles of —, IV, 339, 345.
• NORWICH (bishop of). See Alnwick.
• NOTRE-DAME or the Blessed Virgin. See Virgin (the Holy).
• NOTRE-DAME of Bermont, of Paris, of Reims, of Rouen, of the Victory, etc. See Bermont, Paris, Reims, Rouen, Victoire, etc.
• NOTRE-DAME-DE-LIESSE, V, 322, 324.
• NOTRE-DAME-DE-SAINT-POL or DES-MIRACLES-SAINT-PAUL, church of Orléans, V, 298, 343.
• NOURRICIER. See Nutritoris.
• NOVELOMPONT (Jean de) or de Metz, sees Joan at Vaucouleurs, II, 436. Exhorts her to dress as a man, II, 457. Leads her to Chinon, II, 406, 432, 437, 442, 445, 447, 448, 450; III, 115, 209; IV, 125, 127, 206. Rewarded by the king, V, 257, 258. Friend of Gobert Thibault, III, 75. Lodged at Jacques Boucher’s in Orléans, IV, 153. Ennobled, V, 361. Questioned as witness at Vaucouleurs, II, 435.
• NOUYON, land of the Orléanais, III, 65. See Contes (Louis le).
• NOYELLES (Baudot de), Burgundian captain, at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 399, 400, 439, 441, 445; V, 176.
• NOYON, guarded by the English, IV, 437. Stay of the duke of Burgundy at —, IV, 397. Bishop of —. See Mailly.
• NUTRITORIS (Jacques), or Le Nourricier, subscribes the Maid’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• OFFEMONT (château d’), V, 370.
• OGIER (Nicolas), ecclesiastical notary of the diocese of Coutances, I, 125, 136.
• OGIER (Pierre), clerk of the diocese of Nantes, II, 196, 265; III, 236, 252.
• OISE, river, IV, 49, 92, 437; V, 176. Bridge thrown over the — by the Burgundians, IV, 397; by the inhabitants of Compiègne, V, 177. The prée or meadow of the —, before Compiègne, IV, 399, 401, 402, 441.
• OLIVET, near Orléans; the Maid passes by it, V, 290.
• OLIVIER (Alain), witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 261, 353, 362.
• OLON (Jean d’). See Aulon.
• OR (madame d’), IV, 297.
• ORAISONS in honour of Joan, I, 101. Text of one —, V, 104.
• ORANGE (the prince of), enemy of the king of France, V, 339.
• ORATOIRE (l’) d’Orléans, gifted a hat of the Maid, V, 234.
• ORBEC (the captain of), Englishman, killed at Montépilloy, IV, 22.
• ORBETTE (l’), near Orléans, IV, 146.
• ORIENT (Pierre), attends the Maid’s trial, I, 193.
• ORIFLAMME (l’), name given to Charles VII by the Maid, IV, 304. Standard, IV, 534.
• ORLAND or ROLLAND (Charles), son of Charles VIII, raised at Amboise, IV, 279.
• ORLÉANAIS. The communities of —, hostile to the English, IV, 413.
• ORLÉANS. The town of — prepares for vigorous resistance, V, 341. Siege laid before —, IV, 96, 345; V, 37, 287. The enclosure of — completely blocked since the day of the Herrings, IV, 4, 408. First news of the Maid at —, III, 3, 21, 23; IV, 125, 126. Joan lands there by boat, III, 6, 18, 67, 78, 105, 210; IV, 5, 218, 364, 409, 479, 511; V, 290; makes her entry, III, 24, 27, 105; IV, 152, 491; V, 41, 134; walks through the streets, IV, 155. Arrival of the relief prepared at Blois for —, III, 78, 105, 211; IV, 6, 56, 156, 215, 222, 492; V, 104. Deliverance of —, III, 9, 25, 29, 76, 80, 110, 127, 217; IV, 10, 44, 62, 164, 232, 313, 323, 327, 340, 366, 451, 496, 511, 526; V, 13, 43, 295, 343. Fabulous account of this deliverance, IV, 333. Joan at — before the capture of Jargeau, IV, 169; after this capture, III, 97; IV, 13, 65, 173, 235, 238; after the battle of Patay, IV, 16, 178, 244, 374, 424; before the Reims journey, IV, 17, 245; after this journey, I, 106; IV, 474; V, 272. Charles VII refuses to pass through on his way to Reims, IV, 178, 244. The town of — contributes for the siege of Jargeau, V, 295; and of La Charité-sur-Loire, V, 269; for the false Joan, V, 326, 331, 335. The bourgeois of — send the fugitives of the Herrings day away from their town, V, 289; carry torches before Joan, IV, 153; second the Maid’s plans despite the captains, III, 117; IV, 227; V, 293; attend the rehabilitation trial, III, 352, 374. Joan takes leave of the inhabitants of —, IV, 166. Schoolboys of — at the town’s defence, IV, 345; and the women too, IV, 99. Commissioners sent to — for Joan’s rehabilitation, II, 282. Inquiry made at —, III, 1. The rehabilitation sentence executed at —, V, 277. Journal of the siege of —, transcribed and printed at the town’s expense, IV, 94. Mystery play of the siege of —, V, 79. Anniversary of Joan’s death at —, V, 274. Annual procession of —, IV, 166; V, 296, 300. Monument of the Maid at —, IV, 448; V, 222, 223, 224, 238, 367; destroyed at the Revolution, V, 241, 242, 243; raised again under the Consulate, V, 243, 244. Provost of —. See Dubey. The twelve procurators of —, V, 296, 308, 326. Town chamber at —, V, 260, 276, 326. Suburbs of — destroyed, IV, 103, 106; V, 288. See Portereau. Churches of —. See under the names of those churches. The seven gates of —, V, 35, 37; Porte Bannier, III, 68; IV, 110, 114, 133; Porte de Bourgogne, III, 70, 212; IV, 6, 102, 135; Porte Dunoise, V, 313, 314; Porte Parisis, IV, 134; Porte Regnart, IV, 107, 108, 110, 113; V, 290. Postern Chesneau. See Chesneau. Tour Notre-Dame at —, IV, 100, 113; V, 287; Grosse Tour, III, 70; Tour Neuve, IV, 98, 159. Château des Tourelles. See Tourelles. Bridge of — broken, III, 80; IV, 44, 99, 100, 495; V, 56, 294; and repaired, IV, 9, 161, 228, 229. Bastille of the bridge of —, I, 78, 251, 252; III, 70; other bastilles. See Jean-le-Blanc (Saint), Loup (Saint), etc. Châtelet of —, IV, 282; V, 222, 224. Belfry of —, IV, 104, 108, 133, 135. Town hall of —, V, 225, 291, 312. Hôtel de la Tête Noire, IV, 126; de l’Ange, V, 278. Aumône or Hôtel-Dieu of —, IV, 134. La Grève of —, IV, 107. Le Martroy, IV, 102. La Grand’Rue, III, 124; the rue de la Charpenterie, IV, 141; the rue aux Petits Souliers, IV, 104; the rue des Hôtelleries, IV, 126, 134. Islands of the Loire before —. See Loire. Belle Croix, Croix Boisée. See Croix. Colombier and Champ Turpin at —, IV, 111, 131, 138, 142. Grange Guyveret near —, IV, 138, 142, 150. Forest of —, V, 291.
• ORLÉANS, herald-at-arms, V, 262.
• ORLÉANS (Charles, duke of), father-in-law of the duke of Alençon, IV, 10. Receives from Salisbury the promise that his domains will be spared, IV, 102; V, 80, 286. Approaches made in his name by the Orléanais, IV, 130, 146. Joan’s revelation about him, I, 55, 254, 257; she had a mission to deliver him, III, 99, 205; IV, 10; how she had been led to it, I, 133, 254; V, 121. Has a suit of clothes furnished to the Maid, V, 112. Gives Pierre d’Arc the Île-aux-Bœufs, V, 213; money, V, 214, 280. Manuscript executed for him, IV, 204. Verses addressed to him, V, 22.
• ORLÉANS (Jean, bastard of), count of Dunois, at the defence of Orléans, IV, 101, 105, 106, 110, 130, 131, 135, 142; V, 317. Commands at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 119, 122, 125; V, 288. Learns at Orléans of Joan’s arrival, III, 3. Urges the king to make use of her, IV, 350; goes to meet her, III, 119, 210; IV, 152; his first interview with her, III, 5, 68; IV, 218. Demands Joan’s heralds back from the English, IV, 154, 220. Joan’s words to him, III, 212; IV, 59. Goes to meet the convoy prepared at Blois, IV, 5, 55, 155, 221, 222; V, 291. Attends the war council at Jacques Boucher’s, IV, 59, 158. Fights at the capture of Saint-Loup, IV, 43, 157; of the Augustins, IV, 61; of the Tourelles, IV, 43, 160, 228. Contributes to the establishment of the 8 May festival, V, 296. Makes the Loire campaign with Joan, III, 10, 94; IV, 12, 64, 66, 67, 170, 317, 319, 371, 419; V, 109. Attends the coronation, IV, 46. His conversation with Joan at Crépy, III, 14; IV, 189. Commands at Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193. Questioned for the rehabilitation, III, 2. His deposition inserted in the chronicles, IV, 203. His praise sung at the annual deliverance festival of Orléans, V, 315.
• ORLÉANS (Louis, duke of), father of the two preceding, V, 22.
• ORLÉANS (Philippot d’), Orléanais, I, 99 note.
• ORME (De l’). See Delorme.
• ORSEL (Louis), attends the condemnation trial, I, 442.
• ORTIE, ornament in the duke of Orléans’s livery, V, 270.
• ORTIE (Jean), chevaucheur of the duke of Orléans, V, 264.
• ORVAL (the lord of). See Albret (Guillaume d’).
• OSCOHART (Guillaume), subscribes Joan’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• SAINT-OUEN, church of Rouen. Joan preached to in the cemetery of —, I, 443; II, 14, 15, 323, 338, 344, 367; III, 54, 61, 90, 122, 385; IV, 346. Expiatory ceremony in the cemetery of —, III, 361. Abbey of —. See Corguilleray, Mesle.
• OURCHES (Aubert d’), witness questioned at Toul, II, 449. Had seen Joan at Vaucouleurs and at Senlis, II, 450.
• OURS (the lord of l’), innkeeper of Paris, I, 158, 264; V, 392.
• OXFORD (University of), III, 450.
• PAIRS DE FRANCE. Their absence publicly noted at Charles VII’s coronation, IV, 380. By whom replaced, V, 128.
• PALÉOLOGUE (the emperor John), informed about the Maid, IV, 532.
• PANISCOLA, residence of the antipope Clement VII, I, 245.
• PANNONCEAUX, in imitation of Joan’s, I, 96, 98, 236, 238.
• POPE. What Joan says of him, I, 82, 83, 205, 244, 246, 325, 393; II, 203; she asks to be taken to the —, I, 185, 394, 445; II, 4, 304, 308, 349, 351, 358, 365; III, 52; which has the value of an appeal, II, 204, 226, 232; she positively appeals to the —, II, 13; is condemned as not having submitted, I, 475; II, 354; III, 184; did submit, II, 34; III, 131, 155, 167, 181, 273. See Callixtus III, Martin V, Pie II, Rome.
• PAPE (Gui), jurist, contemporary of the Maid, IV, 534.
• PAPILLONS, seen around the Maid’s standard, I, 103; IV, 254.
• PAILLIÈRE (Jean), archdeacon of the chapter of Orléans, V, 309.
• PAGLIÈRE (Girard de la), Gascon captain, IV, 317, 318.
• PARADISE. Joan sure of going to —, I, 155, 156, 269, 334; II, 47. Called the saints her brothers of —, II, 437. Reputed to be in —, III, 123.
• PARIS. The Maid announces her entry into —, I, 240, 246; III, 425, 427; IV, 140, 216, 288, 323, 436, 466, 500; V, 97, 107, 130, 140; which she counted on seizing, I, 246, 298; her voices having guaranteed it to her, V, 132; public expectation in this regard, III, 425, 427; IV, 233; V, 19. The duke of Bedford makes the inhabitants swear to defend —, IV, 455. Session at the parlement for the defence of —, IV, 454. Deposits and consignments taken in the churches of —, IV, 456. Joan urges the king to go there, IV, 24. The English withdraw there after the day of Montépilloy, IV, 23, 84, 197, 436. The duke of Burgundy goes there to renew his alliance with the English, IV, 48; V, 130; after having promised the king to hand it to him, V, 140. Abandoned by the English, IV, 25, 85. Summoned by the duke of Alençon, IV, 464. Rumours spread at — against Charles VII, IV, 458, 466. Skirmishes below —, IV, 25. Fruitless attack on —, I, 147, 298; IV, 26, 47, 86, 197, 324, 342, 392, 436, 457, 465, 466, 479, 515; V, 70, 268; through the fault of the courtiers, IV, 28, 48, 200, 323; through the resistance of the inhabitants, IV, 393. Joan’s words before —, IV, 464; she wants to return there, IV, 27; she did not go there by revelation, I, 146, 169, 262; what she says of this attempt, I, 57, 147, 148, 230, 260. Supposedly conquered by the Maid, IV, 336. Emotion at — on Joan’s arrival at Lagny, IV, 32; she hoped to be taken there for her trial, I, 154. Inhabitants of — present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 273. Commissioners sent to — for the rehabilitation, II, 282. Witnesses heard at —, III, 46. Provost of —. See Loré, Morhier. Quarteniers of —, IV, 463. Bishop of — in 1429, IV, 454; in 1455. See Chartier. Official of —, I, 295. Notre-Dame of —, theatre of the rehabilitation trial, II, 82, 87, 91; its library, V, 78, 219; description of the manuscript kept in this repository, V, 449. Episcopal court of —, II, 120, 122, 134; III, 362. Episcopal palace of —, II, 19; III, 38, 374. Grand’salle or upper hall of the bishop, II, 92, 130; III, 255. Cloister of Notre-Dame, II, 112; III, 328. Puy Notre-Dame, IV, 467. Sainte-Chapelle of —, III, 47; IV, 455. Other churches of —. See their names. Palace of —, V, 335. The Hôtel-Neuf at —, III, 77. Porte Saint-Denis at —, IV, 25, 87, 198, 463, 466; V, 170. Porte Saint-Honoré, IV, 26, 86, 198, 392, 456, 465. Marché or Place aux pourceaux, IV, 26, 86, 198, 457, 515; V, 70. Rue des Noyers at —, II, 265; V, 459. Windmill between La Chapelle and —, IV, 25; V, 70. Journal of — falsely attributed to a bourgeois of that town, IV, 464; his testimony on the Maid, IV, 462; on the Shepherd, V, 169. University of —. See Faculty, Université.
• PARIS, bastille before Orléans, IV, 143, 283; V, 291, 292, 349.
• PARIS (Martial de). See Auvergne (Martial d’).
• PARLEMENT (le), transferred to Poitiers, IV, 128, 209, 211; counsels the king to emigrate, V, 340. Joan is taken there, V, 119. The — sitting at Paris provides for the defence of the town, IV, 454; has the false Joan of Arc brought before it, V, 335. Register of the —, IV, 451; V, 232. Clerk of the —. See Fauquembergue. Manuscript of the trial coming from the —, V, 394.
• PARMENTIER (Mauger le), called to apply the torture to Joan, III, 185. Witness for the rehabilitation, III, 45, 185.
• GODFATHERS of the Maid. See Barré, Langart, Morel, Rainguesson.
• PARTADA (Alfonse de), Spaniard, at the deliverance of Orléans, III, 214.
• PARTENAY (château de), belonging to the count of Richemond, IV, 16, 320.
• PASQUEREL (Jean), the Maid’s chaplain, III, 102, 104. His opinion of Joan’s judges, III, 114. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 100.
• PASQUIER (Étienne), cited, V, 212, 388, 409.
• PASSE-VOLANT, name of a cannon at the defence of Orléans, IV, 97.
• PASTOUR or PASTOUREL (le), V, 168, 172. See Berger.
• PATARIN (Jean), church notary, attests a copy of the trial, V, 407.
• PATAY, village of Beauce, III, 99, 110, 120; IV, 242, 374, 421. Battle of —, III, 11, 71, 98; IV, 15, 68, 177, 243, 314, 319, 341, 348, 371, 421, 422, 423, 424, 432, 452, 479, 499, 512; V, 58, 120, 122, 262, 296. Joan’s words at —, III, 11, 99; IV, 243, 371, 420.
• PATER NOSTER. Joan hardly knew her —, II, 8, 365; III, 166; refuses to say it, I, 47, 131.
• PATIN (Jean), present at the Orléans inquiry, III, 2.
• PAU or PAULY (La). See Lapau.
• PAUL-ÉMILE, cited, IV, 449 note.
• PAULMY (the marquis of); his manuscript on Joan of Arc, V, 422.
• PEINTRES. See Gaucher, Polnoir, Estienne.
• PEIRAT (Christophe du), eyewitness on the Maid, IV, 537.
• PEIRESC. Collection on Joan of Arc among the papers of — at Carpentras, V, 342. Cited, V, 405.
• PERÉ (André), subscribes Joan’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• PEPENSAC (the lord of), at Patay, IV, 348.
• PEYNOT (Louis), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109.
• PARDIAC. See Armagnac (Bernard d’).
• PÉRIGUEUX (bishop of). See Bourdeille.
• PERRIER (Gilles), his name on a trial manuscript, V, 402, 454.
• PESTEUR (Jean), bourgeois of Tours, V, 155.
• PESTREMOL (Jean), church sergeant at Rouen, III, 265.
• PETAU (Alexandre); his name on a ms. of the trial, V, 404, 456.
• PETAU (Paul), his paraph on a trial manuscript, V, 404.
• PETIT (Gérard), provost of Andelot, II, 454.
• PÉTRONILLE. See Beauharnais.
• PHARES (Simon de), astrologer, cited, IV, 536; V, 32 note.
• PICARDS (les), take the English into hatred after the deliverance of Orléans, IV, 233. Refuse to serve the duke of Burgundy outside their country, V, 354. Gathered by Bedford to resist Charles VII, IV, 433. Congratulated by him at the day of Montépilloy, IV, 388. Serve at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 441.
• PICART (Jean Le), commissioned by the town of Tours to the Maid, V, 155.
• PICART (Pierre Le), secretary of Charles VII, V, 212, 268, 346.
• PICHON (Jean), valet of the town of Orléans, V, 277, 310, 332.
• PIE II (the pope), author on the Maid, IV, 507; sends commissioners to France to pursue those who had condemned her, IV, 522, 528.
• PIERRE (messire), priest of Rouen, attends the Maid’s execution, II, 334.
• PIERRE (N.), prophesies about the Maid at the king’s council, V, 32. See Valérien (Pierre de Saint).
• PIERRE (Isambard de la), Dominican, attends the condemnation trial, I, 122, 134, 150, 156, 162, 173, 189, 196, 382, 405, 442, 452, 454, 460; II, 348. Counsels Joan to submit to the council, II, 4, 13, 341; III, 139, 171. Threatened, II, 5, 10, 325, 343, 349; III, 167, 171. Sent to the bishop of Avranches, II, 6. His determination on Joan, I, 337. His opinion on the torture, I, 403; on the procedure, I, 428. His sentence, I, 466. Attends the execution, II, 6, 352. Deposes in 1450, II, 4; then in 1452, II, 348. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41.
• SAINT-PIERRE (the lord of), councillor of the king of England, III, 243.
• SAINT-PIERRE-EMPORT, church of Orléans, IV, 99; V, 312.
• SAINT-PIERRE-LE-MOUSTIER. The siege of — resolved, III, 217; V, 71. Joan’s hallucination before —, III, 217. Capture of —, IV, 91; V, 147, 148. Joan protects its church, III, 23.
• SAINT-PIERRE-LE-PUELLIER, church of Orléans, V, 223.
• PIERREFONDS, near Compiègne, V, 367.
• PIERRELOT. See Prerelo.
• PIERRES (Jean de), king’s advocate at Argentan, V, 178.
• PIERRONNE LA BRETONNE, testifies in Joan’s favour, IV, 467, 473, 474, 504.
• PIGACHE (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 48, 81, 92, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443. His determination on Joan, I, 369; II, 359. His opinion on the procedure, I, 427; not admitted to the trial, III, 173. His sentence, I, 466. Threatened by the English, II, 356.
• PILLAS (Jean), keeper of the Maid’s horses at Orléans, V, 259.
• PINCHON (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 49, 59, 69, 81, 196, 202, 354, 382, 405, 459; V, 271; at the abjuration, I, 444. His opinion on the procedure, I, 198, 424. His sentence, I, 463. Exerts himself for two imprisoned canons, V, 272.
• PISAN (Christine de), writes verses on Joan of Arc, IV, 310; V, 3; being in a convent, V, 4. Date of these verses, V, 3, 21.
• PITHOU, paraphes a trial manuscript, V, 401, 456. Copy that belonged to him, V, 408.
• PLARCY (the lord of), defender of Troyes, IV, 296.
• PLESSIS-LÈS-TOURS (château and park of), IV, 279.
• LATIN POEM on the Maid, V, 24, 83.
• POISIEUX or PUISIEUX (Aymard de), called Capdorat, page at the siege of Orléans, IV, 143.
• POITEVIN (Jean), Orléanais, IV, 162 note.
• POITIERS. The king withdraws to —, V, 340. Joan lodged at —, at Jean Rabateau’s, III, 19, 203; IV, 209; at the hôtel de la Rose, IV, 537. Questioned at —, I, 71, 75, 94; III, 17, 22, 74, 82, 93, 116, 209; IV, 128, 210; by whom, III, 19, 74, 92, 102, 203; V, 110, 471. Register of her interrogatories at —, I, 71, 72, 73, 94, 171. Summary of the opinion of the doctors assembled at —, III, 391; IV, 306, 487; V, 471. She is offered the judgement of the church of —, I, 397. Commissioners sent to — for the rehabilitation, II, 282. Meeting of the king’s council at —, III, 203. Monuments of the Maid at —, IV, 537; V, 196. Bishop of —. See Combarel. University of —, III, 202. Bourgeoises and ladies of — visiting the Maid, IV, 211. Rue Saint-Étienne at —, IV, 537. Tour Tranchepied surnamed of the Maid at —, V, 196.
• POITOU. Nobles of — at the Patay expedition, IV, 316. Prodigies seen in — after the deliverance of Orléans, V, 122. — pacified, V, 333.
• POL (Jean de Hautbourdin, bastard of Saint-), fights with the English at Montépilloy, IV, 83, 194, 387, 433, 435.
• POLE or LA POULE (William), count of Suffolk, commands at Orléans, III, 26; IV, 58, 82, 96, 106, 131, 230. Summoned by the Maid, I, 240; III, 74; IV, 140, 216, 307; V, 96. Sent to Jargeau by Talbot, IV, 44, 170, 233, 313, 368, 452; V, 295. Tries to parley with the French, III, 96, 97. Taken, III, 15, 72; IV, 13, 45, 65, 173, 234, 369, 479; V, 57, 119, 122, 125. Fights at Montépilloy, IV, 83; at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 49; V, 73.
• POLE (John), brother of the count of Suffolk, commands at Orléans, IV, 97, 106. Taken at Jargeau, III, 72; IV, 13, 65, 369; IV, 173, 234; V, 120, 122, 125.
• POLE (Alexandre), brother of the count of Suffolk, dies at Jargeau, IV, 13, 45, 65, 172, 234, 369; V, 120, 122, 125.
• PONCHON, corruption of the name Poulengy, III, 75. See Poulengy.
• POLNOIR (Heuves), painter of Tours, V, 154, 155, 258, 271. Héliote, his daughter, V, 154.
• POMMIERS or POMUS. See Poynings.
• PONT (Du). See Dupont.
• PONT-À-CHOISY. See Choisy-sur-Aisne.
• PONTANUS (Paul), works on the revision of the trial, II, 59, 61; V, 427, 428. Subscribes the indulgences of cardinal d’Estouteville for the 8 May festival at Orléans, V, 301. His consultation sent to Thomas Basin, III, 319. Error on his name, V, 428.
• PORCHIER (Jean de), commissioned by the town of Tours to the Maid, V, 155.
• PONT-L’ÉVÊQUE, near Noyon, guarded by the English, IV, 397, 437. Joan makes a raid there, I, 147, 298; IV, 398, 437.
• PONTOISE. Siege of —, IV, 299.
• PONT-SAINTE-MAXENCE, submits to the French, IV, 391. Handed back by agreement to the Burgundians, IV, 392; V, 175.
• PORCHERONS (les), near Paris, IV, 466.
• PORTEREAU, suburb of Orléans, IV, 96, 97, 108, 226; V, 287, 292, 348.
• PORTES of Orléans, of Paris, etc. See Orléans, Paris, etc.
• PORTRAIT of Joan of Arc, at Arras, I, 100, 291, 292. Shown in Germany, V, 270. Carried at the 8 May procession at Orléans, V, 316. Fanciful, IV, 451; V, 396, 452. See Statues.
• PORTUGAIS (des), fight at the siege of Compiègne, V, 75.
• POSTEL (Guérould), church advocate, attends the condemnation trial, I, 382, 405. His determination on Joan, I, 358. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426.
• POSTIAU (Guillaume), bourgeois of Orléans, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 28.
• POTON le Bourguignon, taken at the sortie of Compiègne, IV, 402, 447; V, 177.
• POTON de Saintrailles. See Saintrailles.
• POTREL (Laurent), witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, II, 285.
• POUAINS. See Poynings.
• SAINT-POUAYÉ, church of Orléans, IV, 103, 138. The Aumône or Hospice —, IV, 106, 138, 145. Bastille —, IV, 157, 164, 283; V, 349.
• POULENGY (Bertrand de), leads the Maid into France, II, 406, 432, 437, 442, 445, 447, 448, 450, 456; III, 209; IV, 125, 127, 206; exhorts her to dress as a man, II, 457. Armed at the king’s expense, V, 258. Friend of Gobert Thibault, III, 75. Lodged at Jacques Boucher’s in Orléans, IV, 153. Questioned at Toul for the rehabilitation, II, 455.
• SAINT-POURÇAIN, in Bourbonnais, III, 208.
• POYNINGS, alias POMUS, POMMIERS or POUAINS (lord), at the siege of Orléans, IV, 44, 61, 62, 162, 230; V, 294.
• PRAT or PRATI (Richard du), attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 381. His determination on Joan, I, 337.
• PRÉAUX (abbey of). See Moret.
• PRÉS or PRATIS (Jean des), vice-inquisitor general of France, questions Jean d’Aulon at Lyon, III, 207.
• PREDICTIONS, on the coming of the Maid, III, 341; IV, 536. Applied to Joan, II, 444, 447; III, 15, 75, 83, 133, 338, 340, 344; IV, 303, 323, 434, 480; V, 12. On the Bois-Chenu, I, 68, 213. Joan made many —, I, 254; IV, 462, 503; only on France, III, 435; several of this kind, I, 84, 85, 174, 334; III, 424, 425; others in favour of Charles VII, I, 232; III, 424, 426, 464; against the English, I, 179, 241, 252; V, 76; against the Burgundians, I, 66, 254; on the swift deliverance of Orléans, IV, 410; on the taking of the Tourelles, III, 125, 127; IV, 161, 228; on the death of Glasdale, V, 290, 294; on the victory of Patay, III, 120; on Compiègne and the other reconquered towns, IV, 35; on the death of a man who had insulted Joan, III, 102; V, 38; on her entry into Paris, III, 425, 427; on her wound at Orléans, III, 109, 127; IV, 231, 426, 494; on her being betrayed, IV, 272; on her end, III, 426; V, 32; on her execution, IV, 520, 527; on her pacifying the Church and conquering the Holy Land, V, 16; on the duke of Alençon, IV, 39; on the pacification of Bohemia by a woman, III, 436; on the death of Salisbury, IV, 435; on the future greatness of Charles VII, V, 8; and of the dauphin his son, III, 434, 463; on Henry VI king of England, III, 434.
• PROPHECIES, on the Maid’s advent, III, 341; IV, 536. Applied to Joan, II, 444, 447; III, 15, 75, 83, 133, 338, 340, 344; IV, 305, 323, 431, 480; V, 12. On the Bois-Chenu, I, 68, 213. Joan made many —, I, 251; IV, 462, 503; only about France, III, 435; several of that number, I, 84, 85, 174, 334; III, 424, 425; others in favour of Charles VII, I, 232; III, 424, 426, 464; against the English, I, 179, 241, 252; V, 76; against the Burgundians, I, 66, 251; on the prompt deliverance of Orléans, IV, 410; on the capture of the Tourelles, III, 125, 127; IV, 161, 228; on Glasdale’s death, V, 290, 294; on the victory of Patay, III, 120; on Compiègne and the other retaken places, IV, 35; on the death of a man who had insulted Joan, III, 102; V, 38; on her entry into Paris, III, 425, 427; on her wound at Orléans, III, 109, 127; IV, 231, 426, 494; on her being betrayed, IV, 272; on her end, III, 426; V, 32; on her execution, IV, 520, 527; on her pacifying the Church and conquering the Holy Land, V, 16; on the duke of Alençon, IV, 39; on the pacification of Bohemia by a woman, III, 436; on Salisbury’s death, IV, 435; on the future greatness of Charles VII, V, 8; and of the dauphin his son, III, 434, 465; on Henry VI king of England, III, 434.
• PRÉMONTRÉ. Testimony of a religious of the order of — on the Maid, III, 433; V, 476.
• PRERELO or PIERRELOT, surname of Pierre d’Arc, V, 151, 220. See Arc (Pierre d’).
• PRESSOIR-ARS. Boulevard and bastille of — or of Rouen, before Orléans, IV, 145, 283; V, 292. Locality of this name, IV, 150.
• PRESSY (Jean de), knight, I, 15. In relation with Joan at Arras, I, 95, 234.
• PRESTRE (Jean le), provost of Orléans, IV, 141 note.
• PRESTRE (Jacquet le), varlet of the town of Orléans, V, 259, 270, 274, 275, 308, 309, 327, 313.
• PRÉVOST (Jean le), advocate of Rouen, V, 272.
• PRÉVOSTEAU (Guillaume), promoter of the rehabilitation in 1452, II, 310. Procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109, 138, 155, 159, 191, 197, 262, 266, 285, 286, 287; III, 37, 222, 226, 252, 253, 256, 258, 351, 352. Presents a written petition for his party, II, 163; III, 375. Asks for a copy of the rehabilitation sentence, III, 362.
• PRIE (the lord of), at the Reims journey, IV, 180.
• PRISON of Joan, after her capture. See Beaulieu, Beaurevoir, Crotoy (le), Drugy, Eu. In the château of Rouen, I, 18, 113; II, 18, 303, 306, 317, 343, 360; III, 48, 121, 137, 154, 166, 172, 180, 183, 186, 200; IV, 35, 351; how she was guarded there, II, 318, 319; III, 131, 140, 148, 154, 161; IV, 353. See Violences. It was not the ordinary prison, III, 187. Illegality of this —, II, 218, 217, 224; III, 130, 152, 175. The ecclesiastical — asked for by Joan, II, 4, 5, 8, 14, 17, 303; III, 137, 149; desired by several of her judges, III, 59; IV, 265.
• SAINT-PRIVÉ, field and boulevard before Orléans, IV, 109, 226, 227; V, 292, 293.
• SAINT-PRIVÉ, church near Metz, V, 321.
• TRIAL. See Condemnation, Rehabilitation.
• PROCESSION, at Orléans to obtain the besieged town’s deliverance, V, 259; after the deliverance, IV, 166; V, 296, 298, 300; annual at Bourges for the same subject, V, 297; at Tours for the Maid’s deliverance, V, 253; proposed at Rouen for her conversion, I, 381; held at Paris for her death, IV, 471.
• PROVINS. Submission of —, IV, 46, 78. Charles VII and the Maid at —, IV, 21, 78, 187, 201, 381. René d’Anjou joins the French there, IV, 23.
• PRUENECKE, in the diocese of Brixen, III, 457.
• PUCEAU (le), at the annual procession of Orléans, V, 317, 318.
• PUCELETTE, denomination applied to Joan, V, 18.
• PUCELLE (la), surname Joan had given herself, III, 103; given her without her knowledge, I, 46; her voices called her, I, 130; she offers to justify it, III, 175; she signed thus, III, 107. Jeannette la —, II, 387, 400, 402, 403, 407. Joan, — of God, IV, 475, 477; of Domrémy, II, 108, 112; V, 343, 454; of Vaucouleurs, V, 336; of Lorraine, V, 83; of France, V, 83, 322, 323, 328, 402; Pulcela Gallica, IV, 522; of Orléans, V, 219, 226, 229, 234, 246, 374, 389, 395, 401, 403, 404. See Joan. Chronicle of —, IV, 205; from what sources drawn, IV, 203. The book of —, IV, 255. Chronicle of —, in Spanish, V, 331, 374. Procession of —, in various places. See Procession. Cry of the house of Lys, V, 231. The village of Domrémy, surnamed —, V, 248, 249, 251. Tower of —, at Poitiers, V, 196.
• PUCELLE (Jean de la), Joan’s nephew, V, 212, 280. See Lys (Jean du).
• PUIS (Yvon du), French captain, IV, 396.
• PUITS (Douot du), present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 373.
• PULCHRIPATRIS. See Beaupère.
• PUNEREY, parish of the Barrois, V, 454.
• PUY (Claude and Pierre du). Manuscripts of —, concerning the Maid, V, 323, 395, 474.
• PUY (Jean du). See Dupuy.
• PYTHON. Dissertation on —, III, 456, 457.
• QUEMIN (Jean du), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 69, 81, 92, 196, 202, 382, 405; at the abjuration, I, 444. His opinion on the procedure, I, 200, 426. His determination on Joan, I, 356.
• QUENAST (Jean). See Cugnot.
• QUENIVET (Gilles), attends the condemnation trial, I, 92.
• QUENNEDE. See Kennedy.
• SAINT-QUENTIN (the town of), disposed to submit to the French, IV, 391. Informed by the duke of Burgundy of Joan’s capture, V, 166.
• QUERCU (de). See Chesne.
• QUESNEVET (Guillaume), witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, III, 255.
• QUESNEY (Maurice du), attends the condemnation trial, I, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 189, 196, 202, 375, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443. Exhorts Joan to submit, I, 380. His opinion on the procedure, I, 199, 425. His determination on Joan, I, 337.
• QUESNOY (Jean du), advocate of Rouen, V, 272.
• QUEUVILLE (Nicolas de), chancellor of the church of Amiens, prisoner at Crotoy, III, 121; V, 361.
• QUEVAL (Jacques), deputy of Tournay to Charles VII, V, 124.
• QUIGNON (Jean), canon of Beauvais, II, 278.
• QUOQUEREL. See Coquerel.
• RABAN, bishop of Speyer, III, 467.
• RABATEAU (Jean), host of the Maid at Poitiers, III, 19, 74, 203; IV, 209; was with her at Orléans, V, 270. Testimony of his wife, III, 82.
• RADLEY (sir), charged with the defence of Paris, IV, 85, 197.
• RAGUIER (Hémon), treasurer of Charles VII’s wars, V, 257, 265, 266, 267.
• RAINGUESSON (Jean), godfather of the Maid, II, 395.
• RAIS (Gilles de Laval, sire de), present at Joan’s arrival at Chinon, IV, 363, 407; accompanies her to Orléans, III, 4; IV, 5, 41, 53, 213, 491; V, 290; returns to Blois, IV, 54, 56, 152, 155, 221, 222; V, 290. Attends the council at Jacques Boucher’s, IV, 57, 158. Fights at the capture of Saint-Loup, IV, 6, 43; at the capture of the Augustins, IV, 61, 158, 226; at the capture of the Tourelles, IV, 44; V, 261. Leaves Orléans with the Maid, IV, 165. Takes part in the Jargeau expedition, IV, 12; V, 108, 261. Fights at Patay, IV, 238, 239, 319, 371, 419. Goes to Reims, IV, 69, 180, 248, 378; escorts the holy ampulla there, IV, 77, 185; V, 129. Created marshal at the coronation, V, 129. Commands at Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193. Sent to Senlis, IV, 24. Figures at the attack on Paris, IV, 26, 86, 87, 197, 199. Makes war with the false Joan of Arc, V, 333.
• RAMÉE (Charles de la), Breton captain, IV, 318.
• RAMESTON (sir Thomas de), commands at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 125. Sent to Talbot’s aid, IV, 369, 413. Taken at Patay, IV, 177, 243, 374, 452; V, 263.
• RAOUL (Mathelin), clerk of the Maid, V, 265, 267.
• RAOULIN (Robin), advocate of Rouen, V, 272.
• RATISBONNE. Joan’s portrait shown at —, V, 270. Joan represented on stage at —, V, 82.
• RAULIN (Nicolas), chancellor of Burgundy, I, 15. See Rolin.
• RAVER (Firmin), canon of Beauvais, II, 135.
• RAYMOND, the Maid’s page, III, 67.
• RAYMOND le Convers, witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 290; III, 227.
• REBOURS (Jean le), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 120; III, 373. Created substitute of the promoter, II, 263; acts in that capacity, II, 266; III, 37.
• RECOUNT (Raoulet de), Orléanais, V, 259.
• REGIS or LE ROY (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 49, 60; V, 271. Imprisoned because of Joan, V, 272, 273.
• REGNART (Porte), at Orléans. See Orléans.
• REGNAULDE. See Huré.
• REGNAULT (Guillaume), made knight at Jargeau, IV, 44, 65, 173, 238.
• REHABILITATION of the Maid. Legendary account of —, IV, 521, 528. Trial of —, II, 72; V, 77; its primitive drafting, III, 367; V, 434. Order in which it was definitively drawn up, II, 79; V, 433; negligence of that drafting, V, 436. Conjecture on the minutes of —, V, 433. Inquiries for —. See Inquiry. Sentence of —, III, 355. Summary of the procedure followed for —, III, 277. Description of the manuscripts of —, V, 438, 447. A copy of the trial given to the church of Paris, V, 78, 218; the original put into the Trésor des Chartes, V, 254; the text translated and abridged by order of Louis XII, IV, 257.
• REIMS. Conspiracy at — in favour of the French, IV, 285, 290, 379. Attitude of — at the French approach, IV, 286. The people of — induced to submit by the neighbouring towns, IV, 296, 298; consulted by quarters, IV, 292; summoned by the king, IV, 291; makes its submission, IV, 298, 379, 514. Arrival of the French at —, III, 72, 76, 118; IV, 77, 184. Coronation of Charles VII at —, I, 94; III, 110; IV, 19, 46, 77, 186, 314, 322, 335, 380, 453, 499; V, 18, 65, 123. Embassy sent to — by the duke of Burgundy, IV, 315; V, 130, 140; by the town of Tournay, V, 124. Stay of the Maid at —, I, 102, 104, 300; III, 199; V, 127; with her father, V, 141, 266. Joan’s letters to the inhabitants of —, V, 140, 160, 161; deliberation to answer her, V, 141. Burgundian conspiracy at —, IV, 299; V, 161. Joan’s capture announced at —, V, 168. Bailiff of —, IV, 292. Captain of —. See Cauchon (Jean). Archbishop of —. See Chartres, Jouvenel. Notre-Dame or cathedral of —, I, 187, 300; IV, 77, 186, 380; V, 129. Saint-Denis, Saint-Remy, etc. of —. See Saint Denis, Saint-Remy, etc. Château de Porte-Mars at —, IV, 293. Hôtel de l’Âne Rayé at —, V, 266.
• REINEMOULIN. See Lys (Luc de).
• REMONET, men-at-arms at the siege of Orléans, IV, 112.
• REMY, near Compiègne, submits to the French, IV, 391.
• SAINT REMY, patron of Reims, IV, 513; and of Domrémy, II, 393, 400, 403, 407, 410, 412, 422, 443.
• SAINT-REMY, abbey and church of Reims where the holy ampulla was kept, III, 464; IV, 77, 185, 514; V, 129.
• REMY (Jean le Fèvre de Saint-). See Fièvre.
• REQUÊTES (maître des) of the king’s hôtel. Joan’s words to a —, IV, 212.
• RESSONS, in Picardy, V, 165.
• RETHEL (county of), IV, 293.
• REVELLERS, land of the Orléanais, III, 65.
• REUILLY (Philippe de), treasurer of the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris, IV, 455.
• REVELATIONS, of the king about the Maid, I, 56, 75. Of the Maid, when they began, I, 52, 72, 216; II, 437; III, 204; V, 116. Joan’s various answers concerning her —, I, 45, 60, 71, 128, 251, 379, 395. On the battle of the Herrings, IV, 125, 128, 206, 208; on the lifting of the siege of Orléans, I, 79, 84, 216, 251; V, 344; on the total expulsion of the English, I, 84, 88, 258; on the complete pacification of France, IV, 437; on Joan’s wound before Orléans, I, 79, 251; III, 109; on Boussac’s arrival at Orléans, III, 79; on the attack of Saint-Loup of Orléans, III, 68, 79, 106, 124, 126, 212, 223; on the king’s coronation, IV, 168, 235; on the siege of Paris, I, 57; on the sortie of Compiègne, IV, 438, 444; on the Maid’s captivity, I, 115, 147, 207, 253; on her deliverance from prison, I, 88, 94, 154, 155, 253, 478, 481, 483; on the deliverance of Compiègne, I, 110, 267; on Charles VII, I, 55, 63, 64, 71, 73, 87, 88, 248; on the duke of Orléans, I, 55, 257; on Pierre Cauchon, I, 279; on the Maid’s abjuration, I, 456. Several — not fulfilled, I, 298. Accusation concerning the —, I, 247, 294, 250, 328; regarded as heterodox, I, 317; II, 302; as feigned, I, 339, 414, 431, 447. Joan revokes her —, I, 446; upholds them again, I, 457; and to the end, I, 478, 480, 483; III, 150, 170. Defence of the —, II, 22, 62, 240; III, 271, 285, 337. See Voices.
• RHÔNE (le), confused with the Loire, IV, 526.
• RICARDI (Bibliothèque), at Florence. Piece on the Maid drawn from —, V, 131.
• RICHARD the archer, one of those who brought the Maid into France, II, 437, 445, 448, 457.
• RICHARD (Frère), Augustinian religious; what Joan says of him, I, 99, 102, 291. Predicts the Maid’s advent at Troyes, IV, 482. Carries Joan’s summons into that town, IV, 290, 296; accompanies her on the Reims journey, IV, 376. Holds the standard at Reims, I, 104. Displeased with Joan, I, 107; hears her confession, II, 450. Indoctrinator of visionaries, IV, 474. Apostate, IV, 382. Sorcerer, IV, 290. Liberalities of the town of Orléans towards him, I, 99 note.
• RICHARVILLE (Guillaume de), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 21.
• RICHEMOND (Artus de Bretagne, count of), disgraced constable of Charles VII; warned of the Jargeau expedition by the duke of Alençon, IV, 14. Arrives during the siege of Beaugency, IV, 66, 175, 240; V, 296; despite the king, IV, 316. Welcomed by the Maid, III, 98; whom he implores, IV, 240; who wants to fight him and whom he defies, IV, 317. Besieges Jargeau, IV, 45. Fights at Patay, IV, 16, 67, 242, 319, 419; V, 57. Returns to Beaugency, IV, 245. Withdraws after the battle, IV, 16; by the king’s order, IV, 46, 70, 178, 243; despite his supplications, IV, 320. Attempts an expedition on Marchenoir, IV, 179, 246. Expected at Épernay, V, 354. Goes to trouble Normandy, IV, 377, 391. His quarrels with Guillaume de Flavy, V, 369.
• RICHER (Edmond), historian of the Maid, cited, II, 2, 390; V, 389, 469. Manuscripts he used, V, 395, 452, 460, 465.
• RIEUX (Pierre de), count of Rochefort, marshal of France, sequestered by Guillaume de Flavy, V, 371, 372.
• RIFFLART, name of a cannon at Orléans, IV, 105.
• RIOM. The Maid and the sire d’Albret ask for help from the inhabitants of —, V, 147, 148.
• RIQUIER (Jean), present at Joan’s execution, II, 375. Deposes in 1452, II, 373. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41. Produced, II, 191. Récolé, III, 45, 188.
• SAINT-RIQUIER (abbey of). Chronicle of —, V, 357.
• RIVEL (Jacques de), heir of Pierre Cauchon, II, 193. His petition to the rehabilitation judges, II, 194.
• RIVEL (Jean de), clerk of the Grand Council of England, I, 19; II, 194; V, 145, 206. Goes to fetch the Paris doctors for Joan’s trial, III, 57.
• ROCHE (Jean de La), Poitevin lord, V, 108.
• ROCHE (Catherine de La), lady of Bourlemont, II, 398. See Bourlemont.
• ROCHE or DE RUPE (Pierre de La), church notary, II, 92, 122, 132, 244. See Roque.
• ROCHECHOUART (Louis de), lord of Montpipeau, killed at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 123, 124. See Mortemart.
• ROCHEFORT (the count of). See Rieux.
• ROCHEFORT (the lord of), defender of Troyes, IV, 296. Questions the Maid, IV, 297.
• LA ROCHELLE. Charles VII plans to withdraw there, V, 340. The deliverance of Orléans announced to the inhabitants of —, V, 104 note. The town of — besieged and taken by the false Joan of Arc, V, 329, 330.
• LA ROCHELLE (Catherine de), what Joan says of her, I, 106, 119, 296. Her visions, I, 106, 108, 297; IV, 473. Accuses the inhabitants of Tours and Angers, IV, 473 note. Deposes against Joan before the official of Paris, I, 295.
• RODEMACK (the lord of), joins the French, IV, 47.
• ROGER (Denis), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 28.
• ROGIER (Hugues), keeper of the seal of the bishop of Beauvais, II, 135.
• ROGIER (Jean), author on the Maid, IV, 284.
• ROI (le). See Regis.
• ROLIN (Jean), cardinal, bishop of Autun, V, 306.
• ROMAIN (Henri), deputy of Tournay to Charles VII, V, 124.
• ROME. Inspired woman of — revealed by the Maid, III, 436. Joan believes in the pope, who is at —, I, 83, 244; asks that her trial be sent there, I, 445. Execution of a heretical Carmelite at —, V, 46. Journey of the false Joan of Arc to —, V, 335.
• ROMMÉE. One of the names of the Maid, I, 191. Family name of her mother, II, 74 note.
• ROMMÉE (Nicolas), first cousin of the Maid, V, 252.
• ROMORANTIN, departure place of the Jargeau expedition, IV, 12. Joan goes there, V, 107.
• RONCESSEY, parish dependent on Neufchâteau, II, 401.
• ROQUE (Jean), witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, III, 265.
• ROQUE (Pierre), witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 234, 255, 262, 353. See Roche.
• ROSAY (Jean de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382.
• ROSE (Philippe de La), elected by the Rouen chapter to second Cardinal d’Estouteville, V, 218; informs at Rouen on Joan of Arc, II, 157; as substitute of the same cardinal, II, 309, 310; III, 150.
• ROSIÈRE, instituted at Orléans for the anniversary of the lifting of the siege, V, 317.
• ROSIÈRES (E. de), provisional clerk of the condemnation trial, I, 24.
• ROSTOCK (University of), III, 450.
• ROSTRENEN (the lord of), Breton of the Patay expedition, IV, 316, 318, 320. Sent to the Maid, V, 264. Commanding at Compiègne, V, 370.
• ROTARIUS. See Royer.
• ROTSELAËR (the lord of), Fleming, writes news of the Maid, IV, 425.
• ROTTEBOU (Jean), agent of a German power in France, V, 352.
• ROUEN. Plan to send Joan against —, V, 71. Supposedly besieged by the Maid, IV, 337. Estates of Normandy assembled at — to vote the money needed for the Maid’s purchase, V, 179. Preferred to Paris for conducting her trial, III, 136. Joan taken to —, I, 21; V, 363; sewed as well as any woman of —, I, 51; imprisoned in the château of —. See Prison. Rumours at — during the trial, III, 165, 173, 178, 180, 182, 186, 189, 202. Joan’s apostrophe to the town of —, II, 355; III, 53, 185, 202. The Shepherd taken to —, V, 170, 171. Charles VII’s letters patent issued at — for the revision of the Maid’s trial, II, 1. Citations executed at — for the rehabilitation, II, 123; III, 42, 46, 236, 252, 265. Inquiries made at —. See Inquiry. Cross erected at — in the Maid’s honour, III, 361; IV, 528; replaced by a fountain, V, 235, 236. Cathedral or Notre-Dame of —, II, 124, 284, 290; III, 38, 189, 354. Archiepiscopal court of —, III, 183, 195. Archiepiscopal palace of —, II, 118, 136, 158, 282; III, 42, 228, 251, 256, 258, 351, 367. Chapel of the archbishopric of —, I, 404, 459. Chapter of —, I, 5, 20; its deliberations during Joan’s trial, I, 354; V, 272; its determination on her, I, 353; consulted for the rehabilitation, V, 215, 218. Churches Saint-Michel, Saint-Ouen, etc. of —. See Saint-Michel, Saint-Ouen, etc. Grand’salle of the château of —, III, 200. Chambre de parement at the end of the grand’salle of the château of —, I, 48, 58, 69, 195, 381; III, 47, 136. Royal chapel of the château of —, I, 38; II, 16; III, 135, 151. Gaol of the château of —, V, 272. House of the royal council at —, I, 5. Grosse tour of —, I, 399. Vieux-Marché of —, I, 468, 469; II, 19, 352; III, 53, 62, 114, 385; IV, 274, 346. Colombier of —, III, 162. Archbishop of —, II, 287; V, 86. The bailiff of — at the Maid’s execution, II, 6, 9, 324, 339, 344, 366; III, 150, 187, 197. Lieutenant of the bailiff of —. See Daron, Guesdon. Cohue of —, III, 188.
• ROUEN, English bastille before Orléans. See Pressoir-ars.
• ROUILLART (Guillaume), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 30.
• LA ROUSSE, hostess of Joan at Neufchâteau, I, 51, 214; II, 402, 417, 435, 454; III, 199.
• ROUSSEAU (Jean-Jacques), gives a manuscript of the Maid’s trial to the Geneva library, V, 403.
• ROUSSEL (Guillaume), elected to second Cardinal d’Estouteville, V, 218. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 270; III, 39, 353, 362.
• ROUSSEL (Jean), witness at the rehabilitation acts, III, 234, 353, 362.
• ROUSSEL (N.), paraphes a copy of the trial, V, 405.
• ROUSSEL (Raoul), attends the condemnation trial, I, 6, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 188, 189, 194, 196, 202, 354, 381, 405; V, 271; at the abjuration, I, 444. His determination on Joan, I, 369. His opinion on the torture, I, 403; on the procedure, I, 422.
• ROUVRAY-SAINT-DENIS, in Beauce, IV, 120, 126, 208; V, 288.
• ROUX or DE GEMETICIS (Nicolas Le), abbot of Jumièges, attends the condemnation trial, I, 6, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443. His determination on Joan, I, 367.
• ROY (Le). See Regis.
• ROYE (Jeannette de), for le Royer, II, 408. See Roze and Jeannette wife Thévenin.
• ROYER (Catherine le), questioned at Vaucouleurs, II, 445. Had received Joan at her home, II, 446.
• ROYER or ROTARIUS (Étienne or Thévenin le), of Domrémy, II, 388, 395, 397, 403, 412. Questioned for the rehabilitation, II, 406.
• ROYER (Henri le), host of Joan at Vaucouleurs, II, 436, 445, 457. Questioned for the rehabilitation, II, 448.
• ROYER (Jeannette le). See the following.
• ROZE, corruption of the name Royer, II, 415, 419, 422, 426, 433. See Jeannette wife Thévenin, Roye.
• ROZMITAL (Lion de), lord of Blatna, informed about the Maid, IV, 534.
• RUBE (Jean), canon of Rouen, I, 24, 354.
• RUEL (Jean de), summoned from Paris to attend Joan’s trial, III, 57.
• RULLY, château near Orléans where the Maid stayed, V, 344.
• RUPE (de). See Roche, Roque.
• RUPELLA. See Rochelle (Catherine de la).
• RYEMERSDORF (Albert), bishop of Halberstadt, III, 450.
• RYS (Jean), attends the Maid’s condemnation, I, 459.
• SABRUVAS (Denis de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 58, 69, 80, 92.
• SABLÉ. The garrison of — at the Patay expedition, IV, 316.
• SAINTIGNY, church notary at Coutances, I, 365.
• SAILLIÈRES, place handed back to the French, IV, 391; retaken by the Burgundians, V, 176.
• SAINTRAILLES (Jean or the sire de), fights at Orléans, IV, 98, 114, 158, 164; V, 287; at the day of the Herrings, IV, 119; at Montépilloy, IV, 81, 194.
• SAINTRAILLES (Poton de), brother of the preceding, fights at the defence of Orléans, IV, 98, 114, 116, 117, 141, 142; at the day of the Herrings, IV, 119, 121, 123, 125. Sent as ambassador to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 130, 146; to the rescue of Orléans, IV, 5. Fights at the Tourelles, IV, 44; at Jargeau, IV, 167; at Patay, IV, 68, 177, 371, 419; where Talbot is taken by his archers, IV, 319. Makes the Reims journey, IV, 180, 378. Takes part in the attack on Paris, IV, 197. Holds garrison at Château-Thierry, V, 141. Strips the Burgundians at Choisy-sur-Aisne, IV, 49. Makes with the Maid a raid on Pont-l’Évêque, IV, 398. Seizes the person of Jean de Brimeu, IV, 399. Delivers Compiègne, V, 74. Prisoner at the battle of the Shepherd, V, 171, 172, 173. Renowned in England, IV, 477. His praise sung at the annual festival of Orléans, V, 316.
• SALA (Pierre), author on the secret revealed to Charles VII by the Maid, IV, 277; and on the false Joan of Arc, IV, 281.
• SALE (Géraud de), church notary, II, 123, 211.
• SALICIBUS. See Saulx.
• SALISBURY (the count of), comes to France, V, 79, 117, 285. Commands at the siege of Orléans, IV, 96. Promises the duke of Orléans not to touch his lands, IV, 102; V, 80, 286. Killed by a cannonball, IV, 8, 100, 323, 327, 345, 347, 506; V, 136, 287, 315. Dies at Meun, IV, 101; V, 288. His death predicted, IV, 345 note. Represented in the mystery play of the siege of Orléans, V, 79.
• SALLE (Guillaume De La), clerk of the Orléans inquiry, III, 2, 35; of Paris, III, 118.
• SALMON (Robert), provincial of the Carmelites, V, 312.
• SAMSON (Jacques). See Ignace (le Père).
• SAINT-SAMSON or SANXON, parish of Orléans, III, 33; V, 274, 278. Shrine of —, V, 311.
• SANDILLON, village near Orléans, IV, 111.
• SANDWICH. Proclamation at —, V, 163.
• SANGUIN (Guillaume), prévôt des marchands of Paris, IV, 464.
• SANMINIATO (Annales de), cited, IV, 505.
• SANTÉS (the lord of), at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 441.
• SARMAIZE or SERMAIZE, birthplace of the Maid’s father, II, 388.
• SARACENS. Prediction of a victory of the Maid over the —, V, 16. The Maid urges the duke of Burgundy to war against the —, V, 126; gives the name of — to the Hussites, V, 157; is threatened by her judges with being abandoned like a Saracen woman, I, 380.
• SAULTON de Mercadieu, Gascon captain, at the battle of the Herrings, IV, 121.
• SAULX or SALICIBUS (Richard de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59, 81, 382, 405. His determination on Joan, I, 358. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426.
• SAUSSART (Nicolas), witness on the Maid, III, 192.
• SAUSSAYE (collégiale de la), in the diocese of Évreux, II, 356.
• SAUVAGE and SILVESTRIS (Raoul Le), attends the condemnation trial, I, 39, 48, 58, 81, 92, 381, 404; at the abjuration, I, 443. His determinations on Joan, I, 337, 370. His opinion on the procedure, I, 427. Did not like to speak of this affair, III, 89.
• SAINT-SAUVEUR, church of Rouen, I, 469; II, 20; III, 385.
• SAVEUSES (the lord of), defender of Reims, IV, 184; forced to leave it, IV, 294, 379. Fights at Montépilloy, IV, 387. Appointed to the defence of Noyon, IV, 397, 398, 437.
• SAVOY (the duke of), enemy of the king of France, V, 339.
• SCALES (Thomas sire de), English captain, before Orléans, I, 240; III, 26, 97; IV, 9, 58, 62, 103, 106, 131. Summoned by Joan, I, 240; IV, 140, 216, 307; V, 96. Commands on the Loire, IV, 67, 176, 233, 239, 318. Taken at Patay, IV, 16, 68, 177, 243, 319, 340, 374, 452, 479; V, 58, 122, 125, 263.
• SCOT (Thomas), chevaucheur of the king of France, V, 265.
• SCOTICHRONICON, work of Fordun, IV, 478.
• SCRIPTORIS. See Ecrivain (l’).
• SECRET revealed by the Maid to Charles VII, III, 103, 112, 209; IV, 128, 278, 312, 350, 355, 426; V, 133; what it was, IV, 258, 271, 280; served to unmask the false Joan of Arc, IV, 281.
• SÉEZ (bishop of), IV, 473 note; V, 153, 346. Present at the coronation, V, 129. Diocese of —, II, 265.
• SEFOND, birthplace of the Maid’s father, II, 388 note.
• SAINTE-SEGOLÈNE, church of Metz, V, 323.
• SEGRÉ (Constantin), abbot of Cormeilles, present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 372.
• SEGUIN (Pierre or Séguin), examiner of Joan at Poitiers, III, 19, 203; IV, 210. Had the Limousin accent, III, 204. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 202. His deposition introduced into the Chronicle of the Maid, IV, 263.
• SEINE, river. Bridge established over — at the Paris attack, IV, 28, 343. French retreat beyond —, IV, 50, 89. Trial assessor threatened with drowning in —, II, 10; III, 167, 171. The Maid’s remains thrown into —, III, 160, 182, 185, 188, 202, 354; IV, 474, 518. The Shepherd drowned in —, V, 172.
• SÉJOUR D’HONNEUR (le), cited, V, 91.
• SELLE-GUENAULT (the lord of la), IV, 279.
• SELLES-en-Berry. Arrival of the French princes and captains at —, V, 108; where the Maid was, V, 107, 262; who stays there again returning from Reims, III, 86.
• SENEBIER, Genevan bibliographer, cited, V, 405.
• SENLIS. The English at —, IV, 23, 47, 81, 192, 435. Day of — or of Montépilloy. See Montépilloy. Handed back to the French, IV, 24, 85; to the Maid, IV, 32, 479. Charles VII goes there, IV, 25, 47, 197, 391; V, 69; gives a horse to the Maid there, V, 267. Joan receives communion there, II, 450; has herself adored there, IV, 468. Hackney taken from the bishop of —, I, 104, 160, 264. The bailiff of — condemns Franquet d’Arras to death, I, 158. Retreat of the count of Vendôme to —, IV, 50.
• SENS, refuses passage to the French going to Reims, IV, 286; likewise at their return, IV, 48, 89, 201. Charles VII takes his way towards —, IV, 394; stays there at the end of 1430, IV, 473 note.
• SEPTSAULX, in Champagne. The French at —, IV, 184, 298.
• SÉRILLY. Manuscripts of — concerning the Maid, V, 401, 456.
• SERMAIZE. See Sarmaize.
• SERNAY (messire), Aragonese, captain of Vendôme, employed at the defence of Orléans, IV, 101, 114, 116, 141 note.
• SERQUEUX, in Champagne. Riot at —, V, 210.
• SAINTE-SÉVÈRE (the lord of). See Boussac.
• SÉVIN (Pierre), Orléanais, V, 331.
• SICILY (queen of). See Aragon (Yolande d’). King of —. See Anjou (Louis d’).
• SIBYLLA FRANCICA, treatise in favour of the Maid, III, 422; notice of this work, V, 475.
• SIBYL (the), predicted the Maid, V, 12. Parallel of Joan of Arc with the —, III, 424.
• SIBYLLE, godmother of Joan, I, 46.
• SIGISMUND, emperor of Germany, III, 395, 465. Officially informed of Joan’s exploits, IV, 485; of her death, I, 496; IV, 504.
• SAINT-SIGISMOND, in Beauce, abandoned by the English, IV, 178, 244.
• SIGY (the prior of), attends the condemnation trial, I, 59.
• SILVESTRIS. See Sauvage.
• SAINT-SILVIN (vicomté de), in Normandy, V, 178.
• SIMON (Jeannotin), slapped by the Maid, III, 89.
• SIMON (Gilles de Saint-), fights at the day of Patay, IV, 376.
• SIONNE (Étienne de), priest at Neufchâteau, questioned for the rehabilitation, II, 401.
• SIONNE (Gérard de), inhabitant of Domrémy; Hauviette, his wife, deposes for the rehabilitation, II, 417.
• SIQUEMVILLE (Jean de), French captain, V, 333.
• SKELBY (lord), IV, 481.
• SLODZ, author of the Maid’s statue at Rouen, V, 235.
• SOHIER (Guillaume), present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 373.
• SOHIER (Pierre), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 284.
• SOISSONS. Submission of — to the French, IV, 20, 46, 78, 187, 381; V, 68. Joan at — in 1429, V, 267; in 1430, IV, 32, 49. Treason of the captain of —, I, 111, 273; who sells himself to the Burgundians, IV, 50. Abbot of Saint-Crépin of —. See Cayrol.
• SOLOGNE. The siege of Orléans begun from —, IV, 96. The Maid reaches Orléans by —, III, 5, 67, 78, 105; IV, 54, 150, 151, 215, 491; V, 53, 290; attacks the English by —, IV, 7, 58, 60, 225; V, 103.
• SON (Jean), master mason of the château of Rouen, II, 306, 346; III, 179.
• SOQUET (Jean), subscribes Joan’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• SORCERY. Joan accused of —, I, 203, 209, 237, 304. Dissertation on —, III, 443.
• SORCERERS, go on the heath with the fairies, I, 187, 211; frequented the Domrémy tree, I, 210. Frère Richard called —, IV, 290.
• SORET (Jean), general of the Carmelites, attends the rehabilitation trial, II, 120; III, 373.
• SOUBISE. Description of the manuscript of —, V, 420, 422, 426, 430.
• SOUCY (Du), clerk for the 1450 inquiry, V, 422.
• SOUDAN (Pierre), author or mere copyist of the chronicle of the siege of Orléans, IV, 94.
• SOUTHAMPTON (county of), V, 194.
• SPATULOMANCY, kind of divination, III, 448.
• SPIRE (town and church of), III, 466, 467. See Saint-Germain, Raban.
• STAFFORD (lord), at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 50. Threatens Joan with his dagger, III, 122. Draws his sword against someone who spoke well of her, III, 140. Subscribes the judges’ safeguard, III, 243.
• STATUES raised to the Maid in churches, I, 290. The family asks that one be erected at Rouen, II, 190, 260; III, 297; which is done later, V, 235. Of bronze on the Orléans bridge, IV, 448; V, 222, 223; moved, V, 238; destroyed, V, 242. Of bronze on the Martroi, V, 243. Of stone at Domrémy and at Toul, V, 247, 249. Of bronze placed in the Maid’s house, V, 247. Supposedly at Saint-Riquier, V, 356.
• STEVENOT, French captain at the battle of Patay, IV, 319.
• STUART (David), lord Rossyth, IV, 478.
• STUART (John), constable of Scotland, sent to the defence of Orléans, IV, 119. Commands at the day of the Herrings, IV, 122; killed there, IV, 124, 206; V, 288.
• STUART (John), duke of Albany, regent of Scotland, IV, 483.
• STUART (William), Scottish captain, at the defence of Orléans, IV, 117. At the day of the Herrings, IV, 119, 122; killed there, IV, 124.
• STUTTGART (library of), V, 347.
• STYRIA. Superstition of the women of —, III, 457.
• SUEUR or SUTORIS (Robert Le), canon of Rouen, V, 218.
• SUFFOLK, county of England, V, 194. The count of —. See Pole.
• SULLY-SUR-LOIRE. Charles VII at —, IV, 174, 178, 238, 245; V, 347; the Maid goes to him there, IV, 245; stays there, V, 159, 160, 162; escapes from it, IV, 32.
• SULLY (the lord of), at the Reims journey, IV, 180. Created count, V, 129.
• SAINT-SULPICE, church of Metz, IV, 328.
• EXECUTION of the Maid, II, 6, 8, 14, 19, 352; III, 53, 56, 150, 159, 186, 188, 191, 194, 202; IV, 36, 322, 354, 459, 471; V, 76, 90, 91; her judges threaten her with it, I, 393, 398. Foreseen by her, I, 176; braved, I, 444; predicted, IV, 520, 527. Expiations for —, III, 361. Fables on —, IV, 323, 338, 344, 480, 535. See Bourreau, Bûcher.
• SURREAU (Laurent), elected to second Cardinal d’Estouteville, V, 218. Procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109. Attends the rehabilitation sentence, III, 362.
• SURREAU (Pierre), receiver of finances in Normandy, V, 179, 181, 191, 194, 196, 200, 202, 206, 208.
• SURREY (county of), V, 194.
• SUSSEX (county of), V, 194.
• SUTOR. See Sueur.
• SYLVIUS (Æneas). See Pie II.
• SYONIA, SYONNE. See Sionne.
• SYRENE (Nicole), échevin of Reims, V, 141.
• TABARD, piece of the Maid’s clothing, I, 223. See Men’s Clothes.
• TABERARD. See Tavernier.
• TAILOR of the Maid. See Bourgeois (Jean), Simon (Jeannotin).
• TALBOT (John), arrives at Orléans, IV, 103. Commands the siege, IV, 106, 223, 224; V, 288, 292. Lodged at the Saint-Laurent bastille of Orléans, III, 5, 26; IV, 58, 62, 131, 230. Summoned by the Maid, I, 240; III, 7; IV, 140, 216, 307; V, 96; commission she addresses to him, IV, 221. Adventure that befell his confessor, IV, 63, 165; V, 56. Defends Meun and Beaugency, IV, 44, 67, 176, 233, 239, 318, 412; V, 295. Goes to meet Falstolf at Janville, IV, 239, 414, 415. Beaten and taken at Patay, III, 99; IV, 16, 45, 68, 177, 243, 314, 319, 340, 374, 422, 423, 452, 479; V, 58, 120, 122, 125, 263, 296. Led prisoner to Beaugency, III, 75. Confused with Falstolf, IV, 512; to whose rehabilitation he is opposed, IV, 376. Commands at Montépilloy, IV, 83; at the battle of the Shepherd, V, 171.
• TALBOT (William), keeper of the Maid, I, 48.
• TALMONT, in Poitou, V, 122.
• TALMONT (abbot of). See Versailles (Pierre de).
• TAQUEL (Nicolas), instituted clerk at the condemnation trial, I, 148; II, 317; III, 195. Signs as such, I, 476. Did not attend the great hearings, III, 195. Denies having been intimidated, II, 317. Did not write but listened, III, 195. Receives ten francs as salary, III, 196. Writes the trial instrument, II, 156. Signs the trial abridgement, III, 145, 387. Deposes in 1452, II, 317. Cited before the rehabilitation tribunal, II, 161; III, 41. Deposes, III, 195. Recognises the draft of the twelve articles, III, 143; and his signature on the trial instrument, III, 195.
• TASSE. Grievance imputed to Joan over a — lost and found, I, 146.
• TAVERNIER (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382. His determination on Joan, I, 358. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426.
• TERMES (the sire de). See Armagnac (Thibaud d’).
• HOLY LAND. Conquest of — by the Maid, announced, V, 16.
• TEUTONICUS (Johannes). Anecdote about him, III, 450, 451.
• TEXIER or TEXTORIS. See Touraine (Jacques de).
• THEODORICUS. See Leliis.
• THERMIS. See Charmes (Simon de).
• THÉROUANE (De), family of Paris, V, 234.
• THÉROUENNE (bishop of). See Luxembourg (Louis de).
• THEROULE (Guillaume), abbot of Mortimer, attends the condemnation trial, I, 404, 459; at the abjuration, I, 443. His determination on Joan, I, 337. His opinion on the procedure, I, 426. His sentence, I, 465.
• THÉVENIN. See Royer.
• THEVET (André), cited, IV, 537 note.
• THIART (the bastard of), Picard, in the English service, IV, 369. Flees at Patay, IV, 373, 424.
• SAINT-THIBAUD, collegiate church of Metz. The dean of —, author on the Maid, IV, 321, 328; on the false Joan of Arc, V, 321; corrected version of his testimony on this subject, V, 323.
• THIBAULT (Gobert), devoted to Joan, III, 74. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 73.
• THIERBONNE (Guichard de), at the Paris assault, IV, 393.
• THIERRY (Nicolas), dean of Meun-sur-Yèvre, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 22.
• THIERRY (Wautrin), informs in Lorraine for the rehabilitation, II, 205, 383, 464.
• THIESSART or TRESSART (Jean), secretary of the king of England, V, 198, 201, 209. His opinion on the Maid, II, 307, 347; III, 182.
• THIESSELIN (Jacob and Nicole), of Domrémy, their arms, V, 245.
• THIESSELIN (Jacob and Didier), their epitaph, II, 402 note.
• THIESSELIN Le Clerc, of Viteau. See Clerc (Le), Viteau.
• THIEUX, village near Dammartin, IV, 46; V, 69.
• THOISY (Jean de), bishop of Tournay, sent by Bedford to the duke of Burgundy, IV, 390.
• THOMASSIN (Mathieu), author on the Maid, IV, 303, 312 note.
• THORRE-LE-THIL (Jean de), V, 328, 329.
• THOU (Jacques), Orléanais, deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 28.
• THOU (Jacques-Auguste de), his name on one of the trial manuscripts, V, 396.
• THOUARS (Louis d’Amboise, viscount of), at Orléans, IV, 419. At the battle of the Herrings, IV, 125; V, 288. At the Reims journey, IV, 180.
• TIBETOT. See Tiptot.
• TICHEMONT or THICHTEMONT, in Lorraine, V, 328.
• TIÉRACHE (archdeacon of), IV, 455.
• TILLAY (Jamet de), at the battle of the Herrings, III, 125. At the defence of Orléans, III, 3; IV, 142, 156, 158, 164. At Jargeau, IV, 170. At Patay, IV, 177. At the Reims journey, IV, 180.
• TILLET (Jean Du), works on the originals of the rehabilitation, V, 449.
• TILLET (N. Du), possessor of a manuscript on Joan of Arc, V, 421.
• TIPHAINE (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 196, 202, 382, 460; despite himself, III, 47. Tends Joan as physician, III, 48. His sentence, I, 466; which he denies having given, III, 49. Cited for the rehabilitation, III, 44. Deposes, III, 46.
• TIPTOT (the lord of), member of the grand council of England, III, 243.
• TONNEAU (Jean), Orléanais, IV, 137.
• TONNELIER (Jean Le), attends the condemnation trial, I, 382.
• TORCENAY (Jean de), bailiff of Chaumont, has information taken against Joan, II, 441, 451, 453, 463.
• TORTURE. Joan threatened with —, I, 399; II, 298; deliberation on this subject, I, 402. Account of the hearing where the threat was made, III, 185.
• TOUCHET (Hector), church notary, attests a copy of the trial, V, 407.
• TOUL. Joan’s case before the Official of —, I, 128, 215. Joan passes through — going to Nancy, II, 437. Commissioners sent to — for the rehabilitation, II, 282. Witnesses questioned at —, II, 449, 451, 454, 458, 460, 461, 465. Diocese of —, II, 205, 386, 392, 399, 460, 463, 464, 467; IV, 322, 508. Chapter of —, II, 466. Ecclesiastical court of —, II, 465, 467. Schools of —, II, 467.
• TOUR-D’AUVERGNE (the lord of la), at the defence of Orléans, IV, 119, 174. At the battle of the Herrings, IV, 125. At Blois, IV, 130. At Beaugency, IV, 239.
• TOURAINE. Several parishes of — taxed for the victualling of Orléans, IV, 137 note. Judge of —, V, 154, 155. Bailiff of —, V, 332.
• TOURAINE (Jacques de), alias Texier or Textoris, summoned from Paris for Joan’s trial, III, 37; attends, I, 29, 31, 34, 38, 48, 58, 69, 80, 92, 113, 180, 188, 189, 194, 195, 202, 323, 375. Questions the Maid, II, 16; III, 48. His opinion on the procedure, I, 200. Draft of the questions to submit to the consultants written in his hand, III, 232. His determination on Joan, I, 337; exhorts her to submit to the Church, I, 380. Sent to Paris, I, 407, 409, 420. Biased against Joan, III, 140. Paid for his pains, V, 197, 203.
• TOURELLES or TOURNELLES (bastille of the), or of the end of the Orléans bridge, I, 78, 79, 252; IV, 104, 108, 109, 111, 113, 126, 131, 132, 144, 146, 155, 158, 227, 345, 319; V, 287, 288, 292. Capture, III, 8, 24, 70, 80, 110, 124, 127, 217; IV, 9, 61, 161, 162, 230, 283, 431, 451, 494; V, 55, 103, 293. Extremely strong, III, 94, 215; IV, 8, 102, 158, 348, 365, 493; V, 134. Staging of the capture of —, V, 81. Procession of —, V, 308, 309, 310. See Festival, Procession.
• TOURNAY (the town of), remains French, IV, 301. The Maid’s letter to the inhabitants of —, V, 125. Deputation sent to the coronation by —, V, 124. Bishop of —. See Thoisy.
• TOURNEBU. See Fournier.
• TOURS. The town of — sends help to Orléans, IV, 156, 167. The Maid at —, III, 66, 72, 76, 80, 101; IV, 168, 234, 314, 496; V, 295, 349. The scabbards of the Fierbois sword made at —, I, 76, 235; IV, 212. The deliverance of Orléans announced at —, V, 261; as is the battle of Patay, V, 262. Festival at — on the coronation, V, 265. The Maid’s request for a girl of —, V, 154, 155. Inhabitants of — accused by Catherine de la Rochelle, IV, 473. Public mourning at — for the Maid’s capture, V, 253. Commissioners sent to — for the rehabilitation, II, 282. Papers concerning the Maid kept at —, V, 433. Archbishop of —. See Gelu. Church and chapter of —, V, 154, 155. Tablier of the town of —, V, 154. La Massequière at —, V, 155.
• TOUROULDE (Marguerite La), wife De Bouligny, hostess of the Maid at Bourges, III, 86. Deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 85.
• TOUSSAINT (Girard), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 277; III, 44.
• TOUTMOUILLÉ (Jean), visits Joan the morning of her death, I, 478; II, 3; deposes after her death, I, 480; and in 1450, II, 3.
• TRÉMOUILLE (the sire de La), witness of the sign Joan brought the king, I, 119, 142, 285. Admitted to a private conference between the Maid and the king, III, 91. Employs himself for the lords of Laval, V, 109. Has the constable removed, IV, 14, 46, 69, 178; who humbles himself before him, IV, 320; as does the count of Perdriac, IV, 46, 320. Betrays before Auxerre, IV, 72, 181, 249; V, 60. Performs at the coronation the office of peer, IV, 380; V, 128. Solicits and obtains the captaincy of Compiègne, IV, 196 note; V, 174. Fights at Montépilloy, IV, 83, 193, 195. Charged with returning the bishop of Senlis’s horse, I, 160. Makes the Paris attack fail, IV, 48, 323, 342. Does not want Joan and the duke of Alençon to be together, IV, 30, 48; nor that Joan be sent to Normandy, V, 71. Is the cause that Charles VII did not reconquer all his kingdom, IV, 74. Present at Joan’s ennoblement, V, 153. Offer made to Joan to rest on the testimony of —, I, 396.
• TRÉMOUILLE (the dame de La), pregnant, V, 106.
• TRENTO (bishopric of), III, 462.
• TRÉSOR DES CHARTES. Request for the insertion of the rehabilitation trial in —, II, 190, 261; accomplished, V, 254. Which manuscript of the trial was deposited in —, V, 448, 455.
• TRÈVES. War in the diocese of —, V, 324.
• TRÈVES en Anjou. The lord of —. See Mâcon (Robert le). The lady of —, his wife, III, 102.
• TRIQUELLOT, notary, I, 15.
• TROISSY. See Châtillon.
• TROPHARD (Jean), subscribes Joan’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• TROYES. The inhabitants of — denounce a conspiracy to those of Reims, IV, 285; implore the help of Reims and Châlons, IV, 290; protest their devotion to the Burgundian cause, IV, 287, 288, 289; send frère Richard to meet the Maid, I, 100, 102, 292; summoned by Charles VII and by the Maid, IV, 287, 288. Review of men-at-arms between Auxerre and —, III, 76. Arrival of the French before —, IV, 18, 72, 181, 247, 251, 289; V, 60. Counsel given by Joan before —, III, 13; IV, 75, 183. Surrender of —, III, 117; IV, 18, 46, 76, 183, 252, 295, 378, 499; V, 63, 130. Joan’s entry into —, I, 94; prisoners taken back by her, IV, 76, 184; V, 63, 252. Joan, godmother of a child at —, I, 103; informs the inhabitants of her wound received before Paris, V, 145. The count of Vendôme called to the aid of —, V, 145. Bishop of —. See Leguisé. Dean of —, IV, 296. Bailiff of —, III, 17; V, 145, 327. See Bellier. Salle royale at —, V, 145.
• TROYES (Jean de), dean of the Paris theology faculty, I, 413, 419.
• TRUN (sergenterie de), in the vicomté of Argentan, V, 184.
• TURCIE or levee of the Loire. See Loire.
• TURELURE (Pierre), examiner of Joan at Poitiers, III, 203.
• TURPIN (Champ, colombier), at Orléans. See Orléans.
• TURQUETIL (Eustache), denounces Massieu as a supporter of the Maid, II, 16, 330; III, 154.
• TURQUOIS (Jean), Orléanais, IV, 126.
• TYBOUT (Henri), subscribes the Maid’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• UGNY, parish near Vaucouleurs, II, 387, 460, 465.
• ULRICH (messire), chancellor of Austria, III, 463.
• UNIVERSITÉ (l’) de Paris, consulted on burning the Maid’s herald, IV, 42; V, 54. Its doctors employed at Joan’s trial, IV, 460; V, 196, 198, 200, 203, 205, 207; bought for money, II, 348; V, 196, 198, 200, 203, 207. Its deliberation on Joan, I, 411; which condemns her, I, 414, 430. See Faculty. Iniquity of its judgement, IV, 260. Writes to the duke of Burgundy, I, 8, 10, 15, 17; to Jean de Luxembourg, I, 10; to Pierre Cauchon, I, 15, 408; to the king of England, I, 17, 407; to the pope, I, 497; to the cardinals, I, 499. Brings the false Joan to Paris, V, 335. Court of conservation of the privileges of —, II, 121, 122; III, 362. The — of Heidelberg, of Leipzig, of Oxford, of Poitiers, etc. See Heidelberg, Leipzig, Oxford, Poitiers, etc.
• SAINT-URBAIN, in Champagne. The Maid spends a night in the abbey of —, I, 54, 222.
• URCHES. See Ourches.
• URFÉ (Claude d’); from whom he held the manuscript known under his name, V, 446.
• URFÉ (Honoré d’), grandson of the preceding, V, 447.
• URFÉ (manuscript of d’), what it contains by way of pieces of the condemnation, V, 386, 397. Completed with the Saint-Victor manuscript, V, 400. Described, V, 438. Printed fragments of —, I, 95, 125, 139, 150, 195, 198, 201, 205, 221, 224, 230, 232, 237, 239, 242, 247, 250, 255, 257, 262, 265, 268, 271, 274, 279, 283, 291, 299, 301, 305, 313, 318, 374, 384, 392, 402, 441, 444, 452, 454, 469; III, 367; V, 443. Table of contents of —, III, 375, 387.
• VACHERET (Jean), subscribes Joan’s condemnation by the University of Paris, I, 421.
• VAILLANT (Pierre), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 30.
• VAILLY (le bourg de), submits to the French, IV, 78; V, 68.
• VAL DE LOIRE. See Loire.
• VAL (Du). See Duval.
• VALÉE (Jean), attends the condemnation trial, I, 196.
• VALÉRIEN (Pierre de Saint-), astrologer and negotiator, V, 32 note.
• SAINT-VALÉRY-SUR-SOMME. The Maid’s passage at —, V, 361.
• VALLADOLID, in Castile, V, 330.
• VALLÉE (Guillaume), charged with counselling Joan after the abjuration, II, 349.
• VALLIBUS. See Vaulx.
• VALLIER (the lord of Saint-), at the Paris attack, IV, 87, 198.
• VALOIS (country of). Joan taken into —, IV, 480.
• VALOIS (Charles de), name of Charles VII in English documents, IV, 382, 453, 456.
• VALPERGUE (Théaulde de), Lombard captain, at the defence of Orléans, IV, 101, 108, 117, 141 note. At the defence of Compiègne, IV, 398.
• VANDOMME. See Vendôme.
• VARANIS or VARANIUS (Valeran de), author of a Latin poem on the Maid, V, 83. His dedicatory epistle to Georges d’Amboise, V, 86. His epigram to the abbot of Saint-Victor, V, 89.
• VASTE. See Conte (le).
• VATICAN. Library of —, what it contains of manuscripts on Joan of Arc, V, 79, 280, 285, 404, 423, 429, 431, 457, 464, 465, 475.
• VAUCOULEURS. Expedition of the Burgundians against —, II, 392. Joan receives the order to go to —, I, 53, 216, 222; III, 204; V, 29. Joan’s journeys to —, I, 53, 94, 217, 219, 221; II, 391, 399, 411, 414, 416, 428, 430, 432, 434, 436; III, 198; IV, 118, 205, 330; V, 29, 118, 289. She stays there, II, 436, 437, 446, 448, 450. See Royer (Henri le). Inquiry of —, II, 435, 439, 441, 445, 448, 465. Joan surnamed of —, V, 132, 336, 401. Marches of —, IV, 204. Captain or bailiff of —. See Baudricourt. Provost of —, II, 387, 451, 464; III, 354; V, 227, 230, 280. See Arc (Jean d’). Chapel or Collegiate church of Notre-Dame at —, II, 205, 382, 461, 465.
• VAULX (Jean de), records Joan’s apparition in a classic book, IV, 533.
• VAULX (Pasquier des), called to the defence council of Paris, IV, 453. Attends the Maid’s trial, I, 122, 125, 131, 405, 459. His opinion on the procedure, I, 424. His sentence, I, 465.
• VAUTIER (Jean Le), attends the condemnation trial, I, 69, 81.
• VÉDILLE, French man-at-arms at Orléans, IV, 107.
• VELLY (Jean de), feasted with the Maid at Orléans, V, 270.
• VENDERÈS (Nicolas de), attends the condemnation trial, I, 6, 27, 28, 30, 31, 34, 39, 49, 59, 69, 81, 188, 189, 194, 196, 354, 382, 399, 405, 430, 454, 459; V, 271; at the abjuration, I, 444. Author of the abjuration formula, III, 61. His opinion on the procedure, I, 198, 423. His determination on Joan, I, 347. His opinion on the torture, I, 403. His sentence, I, 463. Deposes after Joan’s death, I, 477.
• VENDÔME. Demonstration of the English against the town of —, IV, 463. Château of — lost and regained, V, 102. Captain of —. See Sernay.
• VENDÔME (the count of). See Bourbon (Louis de).
• VENDÔME (the bastard of), takes the Maid before Compiègne, IV, 50, 351, 401, 447; V, 177. Required to hand her over by the bishop of Beauvais, I, 13. Pensioned by the king of England, III, 134.
• VENETTE, post of the Burgundians at the siege of Compiègne, IV, 399, 401, 441; V, 176.
• VENICE. Embassy sent by Charles VII to —, III, 115.
• VERDUZAN. See Lesgot.
• VEREL (Thomas), present at the rehabilitation demand, III, 373. Substitute of Brehal, II, 280; questions the witnesses at Paris, III, 77, 118, 121, 123.
• VERET (Raoul), canon of Rouen, I, 354. Cited for the rehabilitation, II, 161; III, 41.
• VERGILE (Polydore), English historian, cited, IV, 475 note, 476, 480 note.
• VERGY (Antoine de), Burgundian captain, sent against Vaucouleurs, II, 392 note.
• VERGY (the bastard of), holds the Maid’s brother prisoner, V, 210.
• VERMANDOIS (bailiff of), I, 67; III, 3. See Arc (Jean d’), Hire (la), Mailly (Nicolas de), Tillay.
• VERNADE (Régnault Guilhen de la), Gascon knight, at Orléans, IV, 133.
• VERNEUIL (battle of), V, 67.
• VERNON (Jean de), witness at the rehabilitation trial, II, 120; III, 373.
• VERRECOURT (Nicolas de), receives abolition from Charles VII, V, 210.
• VERSES, Latin on the Maid, IV, 305, 427, 481; V, 23, 24, 89. See Chronograms. French on the same subject, IV, 310; V, 4, 313; on Charles VII’s distress, IV, 325. Chronicles in —, IV, 329; V, 51.
• VERSAILLES (Pierre de), abbot of Talmont, examiner of the Maid at Poitiers, III, 19, 74, 83, 92, 102. Word the Maid says to him, III, 84; his testimony on her, III, 202.
• VESANTIER (Jean), bourgeois of Tours, V, 155.
• VETERIS or LE VIEIL (Jean), procurator of the d’Arc family, II, 109. Witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 270, 353. Substitute of Simon Chapitault, II, 287, 288; III, 222, 226, 232, 233.
• VEZIERS (Jean and Macée de), allied to the Maid’s family, V, 278 note.
• VIART (Richard), witness at one of the rehabilitation acts, II, 270.
• VICTOIRE (the abbey Notre-Dame de la), occupied by the English, IV, 22, 47, 83, 433.
• SAINT-VICTOR (abbey of), at Paris. Manuscript of Joan of Arc’s trials kept at —, V, 87, 398, 405, 452; executed by order of abbot Nicaise Delorme, V, 89, 388, 399; used to complete the d’Urfé manuscript, V, 440, 445, 447; criticised, V, 417. Another manuscript of —, containing Gerson’s opuscule on the Maid, V, 464.
• SAINT-VICTOR, church of Orléans, IV, 102; V, 312. The shrine of —, V, 311. The — ward petitions against the Maid’s monument, V, 240, 244.
• VIEIL or VIEUX (Le). See Veteris.
• VIENNA, in Austria. Dominicans of —, II, 70; V, 424, 431.
• VIENNE, in Dauphiné. Archbishop of —, V, 132.
• VIENNE (Colet de), conducts the Maid into France, II, 406, 432, 437, 445, 447, 448, 457.
• VIENNE (la), river, forded by the Bretons, IV, 316.
• VIRGIN (the Holy), honoured by Joan, I, 67, 105, 110, 147, 165, 168, 212; II, 425, 433, 459, 461; III, 14, 104; IV, 250, 352; see Bermont, Jesus-Maria; who submits her deeds to her, I, 175, 205; swears by her name, I, 75, 157; is reputed the greatest saint after —, I, 290; does homage to her with her armour at Saint-Denis, IV, 29. Appears to Joan, IV, 268, 269, 430. Protectress of Joan, IV, 501; had sent her to the king of France, I, 176. Blasphemed by her, I, 272. Protectress of Orléans, V, 298, 303, 315. Her statue on the Maid’s old monument, V, 222, 223. See Bermont.
• VIEUX-MARCHÉ. See Rouen.
• VIGÉE (Pierre de La), Burgundian emissary at Reims, IV, 293.
• VIGEULLES (Philippe de), chronicler, cited, V, 324 note.
• VIGNIER (the Father), Oratorian, author of “the error of those who have cast doubt on the execution of Joan of Arc”, V, 321.
• VIGNOLLES (Amador de), brother of La Hire, IV, 130. See Amade.
• VIGNOLLES (Étienne de). See Hire (La).
• VILLARS (Archambaud de), captain of Montargis and seneschal of Beaucaire; at the defence of Orléans, IV, 98, 114, 141 note; at the deliverance of this town, III, 3, 215, 216; IV, 43, 136, 138.
• VILLE-AU-BOIS or VILLE-EN-BASSIGNY, II, 381.
• VILLEBRANCHE (Jean de), Breton captain, V, 371, 372.
• VILLEDART (Thévenin), host of the Maid’s brothers at Orléans, V, 260.
• VILLEROBERT, brings the Maid into France, IV, 32.
• VILLETTE, in the Messin country, V, 328.
• VILLETTE (La), near Paris, IV, 199.
• VILLIERS, in Orléanais, lordship of the Du Lys family, V, 213 note.
• VILLON (François), what he says of Joan of Arc, V, 91.
• VINCENNES (bois de); Bedford withdraws there, IV, 233.
• VINCENT (Laurent), witness at the rehabilitation trial, II, 112.
• SAINT-VINCENT, church of Rouen, III, 177. See Maire (Jean le).
• SAINT-VINCENT-DES-VIGNES, church of Orléans, IV, 106.
• VIOLE (Aignan), deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 126.
• VIOLENCES done to the Maid in her prison at Beaulieu, IV, 470; at Rouen, II, 8, 298, 303, 318, 363, 371; III, 147, 149, 168.
• VIRGINITY of Joan vowed to God, I, 127, 128, 137; IV, 352; not by order of her voices, I, 183. Verified by the queen of France, I, 95; by the queen of Sicily, III, 209; V, 87; and other ladies, III, 102; by order of Cauchon, II, 201, 217; III, 39, 63, 193; of the duchess of Bedford, II, 201; III, 89, 135, 163; IV, 352. Attested by a physician, III, 50; by Jeanne Touroulde, III, 88. Not recorded in the trial, III, 54, 59. Tacitly recognised by the judges, I, 183; III, 183. The Maid offers to undergo the test of it, III, 173.
• VISCONTI (Bonne), presents a petition to the Maid, V, 253.
• VISCONTI (Philippe-Ange-Marie), duke of Milan. Letter written to him on the subject of the Maid, V, 415.
• VITEAU or VITELLO (Jeanne de), godmother of the Maid, II, 420, 426. See Jeannette (widow Thiesselin).
• VITEAU (Thiesselin de), inhabitant of Domrémy, II, 389, 403, 412.
• VITRY en Champagne, besieged, V, 334.
• VIVIAN (Jacquet), notable Parisian, IV, 436.
• VIVILLE en Bassigny, III, 192, 198.
• VOIAU (Jean), French captain, V, 268.
• VOILLON (Rigaud de), canon of Tours, V, 134.
• VOICES. Joan’s answers concerning her —, I, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 61, 66, 70, 73, 75, 90, 97, 113, 129, 167, 169, 216, 218, 221, 233, 239, 260, 280, 326, 400, 457, 462, 477, 478, 481; what she said of them outside the trial, III, 12, 219; by what name her — called her, I, 130, 220; in what language they spoke to her, III, 204. The accusation’s opinion on the —, I, 233, 273, 278, 294, 328, 333. Joan deceived by her —, I, 477, 480, 483, 484; disobedient to her —, I, 239; by what prayer she invoked her —, I, 279; when she heard them, I, 32, 62, 133, 480, 481; when she heard them for the first time, I, 52, 63, 66, 72, 128; III, 204; V, 27, 116, 132; how they spoke to her, I, 130, 340; III, 12; IV, 168; urge her to go to France, I, 52, 216; V, 118; threaten her if she does not obey their command, V, 132. Joan maintains to the death the truth of her —, I, 478, 479, 480, 482, 484; their divine origin, III, 170. See Catherine (Saint), Saint Margaret, Saint Michael, Revelations.
• VOLANT (Jean), bourgeois of Orléans, makes supplies to the Maid, V, 269; deposes for the rehabilitation, III, 28.
• VOSGES (the department of), acquires the Maid’s house, V, 248.
• VOTUS (Socius or Compaing), clerk of the 1452 inquiries, II, 296, 309, 310. Variously employed at the trial of 1455, II, 123, 167, 211, 277, 285.
• VOUTHON, country of the Maid’s maternal family, II, 74 note; V, 252.
• WANDONNE. See Vendôme.
• WARNONBOURG. See Wurtemberg.
• WARWICK (the count of), II, 8, 14, 305, 324, 325. Instigator of the Maid’s trial, II, 348; V, 84, 89. Visits the Maid in prison, II, 18; III, 122, 140; spies on her, III, 140; has her tended when ill, III, 51, 244; receives her complaints, III, 147; dismisses those of her keepers who had done her violence, II, 299. Angry against Lafontaine, III, 139; against Massieu, III, 154. Threatens Isambard de La Pierre, II, 10, 325, 349; III, 171. Complains after the abjuration, II, 376. Convenes the clerks to record the relapse, III, 148. Saves Loiselleur’s life, III, 162. Subscribes the judges’ safeguard, III, 243.
• WARWICK (the child of), employed at the defence of Meun, III, 97. Taken at Patay, IV, 16.
• WATERIN (Jean), questioned at Domrémy, II, 419.
• WAVRIN (Jean de), lord of Forestel, chronicler; his testimony on the Maid, IV, 405. Engaged under Falstolf, IV, 413; fights beside him at Patay, IV, 423.
• WILLOUGHBY or WILBI, English captain, IV, 9, 481.
• WILZKEHER or WILZKEHET (Leonard), chancellor of Austria, II, 71; V, 423.
• WINCHESTER. Henri Beaufort, bishop of —, called the Cardinal of England, II, 361; III, 131. Employs against Charles VII the army raised to fight the Hussites, IV, 81, 190, 453. Has Joan’s trial made, II, 348; has her tended, III, 51. Attends the abjuration, I, 443. Orders the sentence mitigated, III, 64. Prevents Cauchon being insulted, II, 355; III, 35, 184. Weeps at Joan’s execution, II, 6. Has her ashes thrown into the river, III, 185. Subscribes the judges’ safeguard, III, 243.
• WINDECK (Eberhard de), German author on the Maid, IV, 485.
• WURTEMBERG, VURTENBOURG and WARNONBOURG (Ulrich de), protector of the false Joan of Arc, V, 323, 326.
• WYRCESTER (William), author on the Maid, IV, 475.
• XAINCOINS, official of Charles VII’s government, V, 433.
• XAINTRAILLES. See Saintrailles.
• XANTES. See Santés.
• YANVILLE in Beauce, III, 212; IV, 15, 17, 45, 46, 67, 68, 120, 176, 177, 239, 340, 374, 414, 424, 452; V, 286, 295, 296. Demonstration of the inhabitants of —, IV, 244. Captain of —, IV, 132, 178, 244. Grosse tour of —, IV, 178, 413.
• YVENET (Jean), witness at the rehabilitation acts, II, 278.
• YONNE (l’), crossed near Auxerre by the French, IV, 247; recrossed at the ford near Sens, IV, 48, 89, 201.
• YSABELIS. See Isabelle.
• ZABILLET. See Isabellette.
• ZANONUS. See Castiglione.