From: The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales, vol. 2 (1801), pp. ~29–59 (as printed; Welsh text). Rendered into modern English; manuscript sigla (S., B., C., D., L.M., Th. W., H.R.) and church names kept as printed.

The Descent of the Saints of the Isle of Britain, from the Book of Hafod Uchtryd #

St David son of Sandde, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig; and Non daughter of Gynyr of Caer Goch in Mynyw was his mother.

Dogfael son of Ithel, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Tyfwyll son of Corun, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Carannog son of Corun, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Pedyr son of Corun, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Teilo son of Enog, son of Hydwn Dwn, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Gwynllyw son of Cyngar, son of Caradog, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Afan Buellt son of Cedig, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Cyngar son of Caradog, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Cyndeyrn son of Cyngar, son of Caradog, son of Ceredig, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Cynfelyn son of Bleiddud, son of Meirion, son of Tybion, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Edeyrn son of Beli, son of Rhun, son of Maelgwn, son of Cadwallon Lawhir, son of Einion Yrth, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Einion the king in Llŷn, and Meirion in Penmon, and Meirion the martyr — [sons of Owain Danwyn son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig]; Meirion in the cantref, [sons of] Owain Danwyn son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig.

Cadwaladr the Blessed son of Cadwallon, son of Cadfan, son of Iago, son of Beli, son of Rhun, son of Maelgwn, son of Cadwallon Lawhir, son of Einion Yrth, son of Cunedda Wledig.

Deiniol son of Dunawd Fwr son of Pabo Post Prydain; and Dwywei daughter of Lleenog was his mother.

Asaph son of Sawyl Benuchel son of Pabo Post Prydain; and Gwenasedd daughter of Rhain of Rheinwg was his mother.

Cyndeyrn son of Caradog [Garthwys] son of Owain son of Urien; and Deinyw daughter of Lleuddun Luyddog of Dinas Eiddin in the North was his mother.

Gwrwst son of Gwaith Henger son of Elphin son of Urien; and Euronwy daughter of Clydno Eiddin was his mother.

Cadell son of Urien.

Buan son of Ysgwn son of Llywarch Hen.

† The body of this book was the Medicine of the Physicians of Myddfai; and the Descent of the Saints at its end.

Lleuddad in Henllan, and Baglan in Coed Alun, and Eleri in Pennant Gwytherin in Rhufoniog, and Tecwy and Tyfriog Isgoed — sons of Dingad son of Nudd Hael son of Senyllt son of Cedig son of Dyfnwal son of Ednyfed son of Maxen Wledig; and Theniw daughter of Lleuddun Luyddog of Dinas Eiddin in the North was their mother.

Cadfan the saint in Enlli [Bardsey], son of Aeneas Ledewig of Armorica; and Gwentaybron daughter of Emyr Llydaw was his mother.

Hywyn son of Gwyndaf Hen of Armorica was priest to Cadfan and to the saints who were contemporary with him in Enlli.

Cynan, and Dochdwy, and Mael, and Sulyen, and Tanwg, and Eithras, and Llewen, and Llenab, and Tecwyn, came together with Cadfan to this island.

Padarn son of Pedrwn son of Emyr Llydaw, a cousin of Cadfan.

Tydecho son of Annwn Du son of Emyr Llydaw, a cousin of Cadfan.

Trunio son of Diwng son of Emyr Llydaw, a cousin of Cadfan.

Maelrys son of Gwyddno son of Emyr Llydaw, a cousin of Cadfan.

Tegai in Maes Llanglasog in Arllechwedd, and Trillo in Dinorwig in Rhos — sons of Ithel Hael of Armorica; and Llechid in Arllechwedd was their sister.

Cybi son of Selyf son of Geraint son of Erbin son of Custennin of Cornwall.

Padrig son of Alfryd son of Goronwy of Gwaredog in Arfon.

Cadfarch the saint in Abererch in Llŷn, and Tangwn in Llangoed in Anglesey, and Maethlu in Carneddor in Anglesey — sons of Caradog Freichfras son of Llŷr Marini.

Beuno son of Bugi son of Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell; and Perferen daughter of Lleuddun Luyddog of Dinas Eiddin in the North was his mother.

Cannon the saint son of Gwyddllew son of Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell; and Llangadog in Gwent.

Tyssilio son of Brochwel Ysgithrog son of Cyngen son of Cadell Ddyrnllug; and Arddun daughter of Pabo Post Prydain of the North was his mother.

Llywelyn of Trallwng son of Tegonwy son of Teon son of Gwineu Deu Freudwyd; and Gomerth the saint son of that Llywelyn.

Elhaearn in Maes Cegidfa in Powys, and Llwchaearn in Cedewain, and Cynhaearn in Ynys Cynhaearn in Eifionydd — sons of Hygarfael son of Cyndrwyn of Lys Tinwynnan in Ceredigion in Powys.

Gwyddfarch son of Amalarus the prince of Powys.

Ystyffan son of Mawon son of Cyngen son of Cadell Ddyrnllug.

Pedrog son of Clemens the prince of Cornwall.

Tutglid, and Gwynhoedl, and Merin, and Tudno in Cyngreawdr, and Senewyr — sons of Seithennin the king of Maes Gwyddno, which the sea overflowed.

Peris the saint, cardinal of Rome.

Boda, and Gwynin, and Brothen the saints — sons of Glannog son of Helig Foel of Tyno Helig.

† Hywyn. — Book of Brook of Mawddwy. Cawg Cattwg, &c. — Book of Brook of Mawddwy.

Tyfrydog in Anglesey, and Dywenyr of Mot y Faru in Tegeingl, and Teyrnog in Dyffryn Clwyd, and Tudyr in Darowain in Cyfeiliog — brothers, sons of Hawystl Gloff; and Diwanned daughter of Amlawd Wledig was their mother.

Ceidio son of Ynyr Gwent.

Madrun daughter of Gwrthefyr, king of this island, and Anhun her handmaid.

Tegfan the saint in Anglesey son of Carcludwys son of Cyngu son of Yspwys son of Cadrawd Calchfynydd; and Chenaf daughter of Tewdwr Mawr was his mother.

Elas the king son of Meurig son of Idno; and Onnen Greg daughter of Gwallog son of Lleenog was his mother.

Mechyll son of Echwys son of Gwynd Gohoeu.

CoWy son of Y Mirvinen Hen; and Chainell the wife of Bot Angharad was his mother in Celymeudon(?).

Dewnag the saint son of Cawrdaf son of Caradog Freichfras.

Collen son of Pedrwn son of Coledog son of Gwyn Mel Angel daughter of Cyfelch son of Tud Dawal Tutglud; and Ethni the Irishwoman was his mother.

Idloes son of Gwyddnabi son of Llawfrodedd Farfog.

Nidan in Anglesey son of Gwrfyw son of Pasgen son of Urien.

Dwyfael son of Pryder son of Dolor of Deira and Bernicia in the North.

Eurgein daughter of Maelgwn Gwynedd son of Cadwallon Lawhir son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig.

Lloniaw Lawhir son of Alan Fyrgan son of Emyr Llydaw.

Gwenog and Noethon, sons of Gildas son of Caw.

Gwrhei son of Caw, at Pen Ystrytwyt in Arwystli.

Garmon son of Ridicus; and in the days of Gwrtheyrn Gwrtheneu he came to this island, and of the Franks was his origin.

Dona in Anglesey son of Selyf son of Cynan Garwyn son of Brochwel Ysgithrog.

Peblig the saint in Caer in Arfon son of Maxen Wledig, emperor of Rome; and Elen daughter of Eudaf was his mother.

Elien Ceimiad son of Alltu Redegog son of Carcludwys son of Cyngu son of Yspwys son of Cadrawd Calchfynydd; and Tegfan daughter of Tewdwr Mawr was his mother.

Here ends the descent of the saints of Wales.

1. Llonio Lawhir. — Book of Brook of Mawddwy. 2. Gwynog and Noethon sons of Gildas ab Caw — ibid. 3. Gwrhei son of Caw — ibid. 4. See Tegfan above, where it says Cenaf daughter of Tewdwr Mawr; there is an error here, and from the Book of Brook of Mawddwy, since part of the end of the Book of Hafod is lost, concerning Elien above.

The Descent of the Saints: the Pedigrees of the Saints of the Isle of Britain #

THIS COLLECTION was made by Lewis Morris in the year 1760 out of very old manuscripts, under the name of the Descent of the Saints and the Pedigrees of the Saints, by comparing them with each other, and also by correcting them with the help of other books.

One of the books from which these things were gathered was the work of Tomas Wya ab Edmund ab Rhys ab Robert ab Ieuan Vychan, B.A., 1577. This was commonly called the Book of Watkin Owain, since it belonged to that man, who lived in Ngwydyr near Llanrwst.

Thomas Wyn made that book out of the following manuscripts:

The book of Mr Salesbury of Plas Mawr near Llanrwst, and afterwards belonging to Mr Wyn of Bodysgallen. The mark for this book is S.

The book of John Brook of Mawddwy. This is under the mark B.

The book of Robert Davies of Llanerch, which was of vellum and very old, with the Brut y Brenhinoedd for the greatest part of it. This is under the mark D.

Besides the book of Watkin Owain and its various authors, the following books assisted Lewis Morris:

The book of Bodeulwyn in Anglesey, belonging to Ieuan ab Sion Wyn, written in 1579. This is under the mark C.

The book of Henry Rowland, under the mark R.

The book of Llywelyn Offeiriad.

The Red Book of Hergest.

The book of the pedigrees of Robert Vychan of Hengwrt.

The book of Llywelyn ab Meredudd, or Llelo Gwta.

Two books of Dr Thomas Williams on the Pedigrees of the Saints, written between 1578 and 1609. One of them was taken from the book of Thomas ab Llywelyn ab Ithel of Flintshire, which was a copy of the Book of Llanerch, with additions from other books. The other was a collection of Dr Thomas Williams’s own work out of various books, containing many curious notes which are not in the other book, by that learned man. The two above are not in the order of the alphabet, but like the Book of Llanerch — St David is at the beginning.

A #

ARIANWEN daughter of Brychan; wife of Iorwerth Hirflawdd and mother of Caenog Mawr. Th. W. 2. Perhaps Gwenlliw in Llyfr Sant. See Th. W. 2. — CLDC CARNOG.

Arthen son of Brychan; he lies in Manaw. C. and Th. W. 2. There is a place called Rhiw Arthen near Aberystwyth. — RHIW ARTHEN.

Ane son of Caw Cowllwg. C. There is a chapel called Coed Ane in Anglesey. — COED ANE, Anglesey.

Arddun Benasgell daughter of Pabo Post Prydain, mother of Tyssilio son of Brochwel Ysgythrog. S. See Tyssilio. — DOR ARDDUN.

Arddun Benasgell daughter of Pabo Post Prydain, mother of Tyssilio son of Brochwel Ysgythrog. D. L.M.

Asaph son of Sawyl son of Pabo Post Prydain; and Gwenasedd daughter of Rhain Hael of Rhufoniog was his mother. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Asaph — Assa son of Sawel Benuchel son of Pabo Post Prydain; and Gwenasedd daughter of Rhein of Rheinwg his mother. B.

Assa son of Sawyl Benuchel son of Pabo Post Prydain; and Gwenasedd daughter of Rhein of Rheinwg his mother. D. — LLANASSA.

There is a parish in Dyffryn Clwyd called Llanasa, and the bishopric of St Asaph bore that name likewise. — ST ASAPH.

Assa son of Sawl Benuchel son of Pabo Post Prydain; his mother was Gwenasedd daughter of Run Hael of Rhufoniog. Th. W. 1. Assaph, &c. Reyn Hael of Rhufoniog his mother. Th. W. 2.

Afan Buellt son of Cedic son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig; and Tegwedd daughter of Tegid Foel of Penllyn was his mother. D. L.M. — LLANAFAN FAWR, LLANAFAN FACH, LLANAFAN Y TRAWSGOED.

Afan Buellt son of Cedic son of Ceredig son of Cunedda; and Tegwedd daughter of Tegid Foel of Penllyn his mother. C. A cousin of St David. Th. W. 1.

Afan Buellt son of Caredig son of Cunedda Wledig; and Tegwedd daughter of Tegyd Foel of Penllyn his mother. B. The churches bearing the name of Afan are Llanafan Fawr and Llanafan Fechan in Buallt, and Llanafan y Trawsgoed in Ceredigion; and in Llanafan Fawr his grave is to this day, with these words on it:

HIC JACET SANCTUS AVANUS EPISCOPUS

Lewis Glyn Cothi speaks of him thus: “I sang to Afan Buallt.”

Aelhaiarn the saint. See Elhaiarn. — LLANAELHAIARN.

Llanaelhaiarn in Arfon, and another in Meirionydd.

Arthne. Llanarthne, a church in Cydweli, Carmarthenshire. — LLANARTHNE.

Amo. Llanamo, a church in Radnorshire. — LLANAMO.

Rhosyr in Anglesey is called Llanamo in the old books of R. Vychan of Hengwrt; and Llananno is the name in that neighbourhood.

Anhun, handmaid to Madrun daughter of Gwrthefyr, king of the Isle of Britain. D. L.M.

Aidan, or Aedan son of Gwrfyw, grandson of Urien Rheged — it is not known whether it was Aidan the king or Aiden Foeddog who gave his name to Llanidan in Anglesey. Rowland. But see Nidan.

Amaethlu in Carneddor in Anglesey, son of Caradog Freichfras son of Llŷr Marini. D. L.M. See Maethlu.

Aelgyfarch son of Heli son of Glannog. Th. W. 2. See Boda.

Ailfyw son of Dirdan; and Danadlwen daughter of Ynyr of Caer Goch was his mother. Th. W. 1.

B #

BEUNO son of Hywgi son of Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell. Offeren uch S.

Beuno son of Bugi son of Gwynllw son of Tegid son of Cadell Ddyrnllug. B.

Beuno son of Hywgy son of Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell; and Perferen daughter of Lewddwn Luyddog of Dinas Eidyn in the North was his mother. D. L.M.

Beuno son of Ingi son of Gwynllyw son of Prisc; and Teneu daughter of Fenddyn Luyddog of Dinas Edwin in the North his mother. Th. W. 1.

Beuno son of Binsi, &c. son of Cadell Ddyrnllug … Peren daughter of Lawden Luyddoc of Dinas Edwin, &c. Th. W. 2.

Baglan in Coed Alun, son of Nudd Hael son of Senyllt son of Cedig son of Dyfnwal Hen son of Ednyfed son of Maxen Wledig; and Tebri daughter of Lewddwn Lueddog of Dinas Eiddin in the North his mother. B. — LLANBAGLAN. See Lleuddad his brother. C.

Llanbaglan, his church, is near Carnarvon.

Baglan in Coed Alun son of Dingad son of Nudd, &c., as Lleuddad. D. L.M. See Lleuddad, Eleri, Tegwy, Tyfriog, Gwytherin.

2. Baglan, and Tanwg and Twrog, sons of Ithel Hael. Th. W. 1.

Boda and Gwynin the saints, &c. D. L.M., sons of Helig son of Glannog. See Brothen.

Boda, and Gwynyn, and Brothen, and Chelynin, and Rhychwyn, and Aelgyfarch, sons of Heli son of Glannog. Th. W. 2.

Or Bodfan son of Heli son of Glannog of Tyno Heli, which the sea overflowed for their land. Th. W. 2.

Brothen, the saint, son of Heli son of Glannog of Tyno … which the sea overflowed for his land. D. His brothers were Boda and Gwynin. D. L.M. See Bodfan.

Buan son of Pasgen son of Llywarch. S.

Buan son of Llywarch Hen. No, son of Ysgwn son of Llywarch Hen — Ysgwyn. C. See Cadell and Catyel.

Buan son of Ysgwn son of Llywarch Hen. D. L.M.

Buan son of Ysgwn son of Llywarch Hen. Th. W. 1.

Brychan Brycheiniog son of Anllech Goronog, king of Ireland; and Marchell daughter of Teudric son of Teithfallt son of Teithrin son of Tathal son of Amwn Ddu, king of Greece, was his mother. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Three wives had Brychan, namely 1. Eurbrawst; 2. Rhybrawst; 3. and Proestri; and his children are one of the three Saintly Households of the Isle of Britain; the second is the children of Cunedda Wledig; the third is the children of Caw of Prydyn.

In another place of the same book it is said that the mother of Cynog son of Rydan was Banhadlwedd daughter of Banhadle of Banhadla in Powys.

From the Book of Bodeulwyn: the Names of the Children of Brychan #

The Sons of Brychan: 1. Cyfoch. 2. Cledwyn. 3. Dingad. 4. Arthen. 5. Kyflewyr. 6. Rhain. 7. Dyfnan. 8. Gerwyn. 9. Cadog. 10. Mathaiarn. 11. Pasgen. 12. Neffei. 13. Pabiali. 14. Llecheu. 15. Cynbryd. 16. Cynfran. 17. Bychan. 18. Dyfrig. 19. Cynin. 20. Docfan. 21. Rhawin. 22. Rhun. 23. Clydog. C.

The Daughters of Brychan: 1. Gwranos(?). 2. Arianwen. 3. Tanglwst. 4. Mechell. 5. Nefyn. 6. Gwawr. 7. Gwrgon. 8. Eleri. 9. Lleian. 10. Nefydd. 11. Rhiengar. 12. Goleuddydd. 13. Gwenddydd or Wawrddydd. 14. Tydieu. 15. Elined. 16. Ceindrych. 17. Gwen. 18. Kenedlon. 19. Cymorth. 20. Dwynwen. 21. Ceinwen. 22. Tudfyl. 23. Envail. 24. Hawystl. And 25. Tybie. C.

Bigel, probably Vigilius. Llanfigel, a church in Anglesey. — LLANFIGEL.

Maen y Bigel, a rock in the sea beside Anglesey; another near Enlli.

Bach son of Carwed, who built Eglwys Fach in Denbighshire, if the tale be true. — EGLWYS FACH.

Berrys. Llanverrys, a church in Iâl, Denbigh. — LLANVERRIS.

Brynach. Llanfrynach, a church in Breconshire. — LLANFRYNACH. Brynach Wyddel he is called in the Triads.

† Notes: 1. Brycheiniog. 2. Goronog, Th. W. 2. 3. Teudric, Th. W. 4. Amwn, Th. W. 5. Cayan is wanting here. 6. Cymorth is here; in place of Clydai.

Y Brid (St Bride), that is St Bride’s in English: churches of that name in Morganwg, Pembroke and Monmouthshire. — SAINT Y BRID.

This is the Irishwoman St Bridget; in Welsh she is called San Ffraid Leian. — See Llan Saint Ffred.

She has 2 churches in Radnorshire, 1 in Breconshire, 2 in Morganwg and 2 in Monmouthshire — 12 churches in all.

Bodfan, Ernin, Brothen and Brenda, sons of Heli son of Gwannog — these overflowed the sea upon their land. Th. W. 1.

Bodfan the saint in Abergwyngregyn in Upper Arllechwedd, son of Helig son of Glannog. Th. W. 4.

In the Book of Llanerch thus: Boda, Gwynin and Brothen, sons of Helig son of Glannog. L.M.

Brenda the saint. — Truly says St Brenda: no less is evil sought than good.

Bliglyd, and Gwynhoydyl, and Merini, and Thyneio in Cyngreawdr, sons of Seithinin the king whom the sea overflowed upon their land from Maes Gwyddno. Th. W. 2.

This name is a misreading, it seems, for this reading in the Book of Llanerch: Tutglyt, Gwynhoedyl, Merin and Tudno … Vender and Senneuyr, sons of Seithinin the king.

C, or K #

CADWG, or Cadog, or Cadawg, or Cadwg the saint, son of Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell. S. — Cadwg the saint son of Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell. D. — LLANGADOG FAWR, Carmarthenshire.

Cadwg son of Gwynllyw son of Glwys son of Tegid son of Cadell, of Llangadog in Gwent. B. See Cadwg. — LLANCATTWG PYRE, Llangattwg near Abergavenny, Llangattwg Clennig, all in Monmouthshire.

Cadawc son of Brychan; he lies in France. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Cadell son of Urien. B.

Catyel son of Urien. D. L.M.

Cadell son of Urien son of Buan son of Ysgwyn son of Llywarch Hen, &c. C. See Buan.

This too is a misreading from the Book of Llanerch, in which there is no relation between Buan and Catyel.

Cadfan the saint in Enlli, son of Aeneas Ledewig of Armorica; and Gwentaybron daughter of Emyr Llydaw his mother. C.; so also Th. W. 2. Elias Letwyr. — LLANCADFAN, Cydweli, Caereinion.

Cadfan the saint in Enlli son of Aeneas Ledewig of Llydaw; and Gwentaybron daughter of Emyr Llydaw his mother. D. L.M. Aeneas Ledwig. Th. W. 1.

Cadfan the saint in Enlli son of Aeneas Ledewig of Llydaw; and Gwen Teirbron daughter of Emyr Llydaw his mother. B. S. To Cadfan belongs the church of Towyn in Meirionydd.

† In the Book of Llanerch, Gwen Teirbron daughter of Emyr Llydaw was his mother. It is surprising how these MSS agree in this blunder Teirefon! This Cadfan, being a nobleman and son-in-law of the king of Armorica, came over with Uthur Pendragon, or his son King Arthur, and a great number of pious and learned men in his retinue, and chose for his residence Ynys Enlli (that is, the monastery in the isle of Bardsey), where he was an abbot; and many of his followers had churches dedicated to them. See Cynon and Kynan, Padarn, Tydecho, Trunnio, Hewyn, Dochtwy, Mael, Sulyen, Tanwc, Eithras, Llywan, Llyuab, Tecwyn, Maelrys.

Casso the saint, son of Caw of Prydain. H. Rowland. His church is Llangaffo in Anglesey. — LLANGAFFO, Anglesey.

There is Ffynnon Gaffo in that parish, where young cocks used to be offered to the saint to hinder children from crying. — These were well tasted by the churchmen. L.M.

Cadfarch the saint in Abererch in Llŷn, son of Caradog Freichfras, &c. B.

Cadfarch the saint in Abererch in Llŷn son of Cowrda son of Caradog Freichfras, &c. S.

Cadfarch the saint in Abererch in Llŷn son of Cowrda son of Cariadog Freichfras. C. See Tangwyn and Maethlu his brothers. C.

Cadfarch the saint in Abererch in Llŷn; and Tangwn in Llangoed, and Amaethlu in Carneddor in Anglesey — sons of Caradog Freichfras son of Llŷr Merini. D. L.M. Of Degau Eurfron their mother. Th. W. 2.

Caian, or Caian — TREGAIAN.

Tregayan, a church in Anglesey; and perhaps Llangian in Llŷn, that is Llangaian.

Caian son of Brychan in Llangaian. Th. W. 2.

Carannog son of Corun, as Tyrnog. C. See Padran. — LLANGRANOG in Ceredigion.

Cathan son of Cowrda. B. — LLANGATHEN, Carmarthenshire.

Cathan son of Cowrda son of Caradog Freichfras son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell; and Fferyfferen daughter of Lewddyn Luyddog his mother. Th. W.

Cattw, Cattwg. Llangattwg. See Cadog and Cadwg. — LLANCATTWG, Mynyw; LLANGATTWG, Brycheiniog; LLANGATTWG Glyn Nedd, Morganwg.

Cedwyn son of Gwgon Megwron son of Predur son of Oliver; and Madrun daughter of Gwerthefyr the king his mother. — LLANGEDWYN, Denbighshire.

This is all a misreading. See Ceidio, Madrun and Anhun.

Cedwyn son of Gwgon son of Gwron son of Predur son of Oliver Gosgorddfawr; and Madren daughter of Gwrtheyrn his mother. C.

So also in Th. W. 2, save Madryn. This again is an error. See Madrun. There is no relation between Cedwyn, Ceidio, Madrun and Anhun.

Caw, lord of Cwm Cawlwyd. C.

Ceindyr the saint. See Rhiengar. C.

Ceindrych daughter of Brychan, in Caer Godolawr. C.

Ceindrych, or Ceindreg daughter of Brychan in Caer Godolawr. Th. W. 2.

Ceinwen daughter of Brychan in Anglesey. C.; so also Th. W. 2. — LLANGEINWEN, Anglesey.

Cenedlon daughter of Brychan, who is in the mountain. C. In Mynydd Cymorth. Th. W. 2.

Cledog son of Brychan, who is in Caer Cledog in England. C.; so also Th. W. 2. — CLYDOG, Liber Landavensis, donation.

In another book, in Caer Llydawr in England. Or the Long Town in Ewias.

Cledwyn son of Brychan, who conquered Deheubarth. C. and Th. W. 2.

Clydai daughter of Brychan in Emlyn. C.; so also Th. W. 2. — EGLWYS CLYDAI in Pembrokeshire.

Collen son of Gwynog son of Clydog son of Cowrda son of Caradog Freichfras, &c.; and Ethni the Irishwoman his mother. C.; so also Th. W. 2. Ethin Wyddeles, Th. W. 2, and Gwynog. — LLANGOLLEN, Denbighshire.

† Perhaps Langtown in Herefordshire, near the river Munnow or Mynwy. The transcriber of which says, or Mr Ed. Llwyd: “In a certain more recent book in which is the Life of Collen, we read thus: ‘Collen the saint son of Gwynog son of Cadellog son of Cowrdaf son of Caradog Freichfras’, &c.” The words of the Davies MS are these: “Collen son of Petrwn son of Coledog son of Gwyn.” D. L.M. And the sentence following is of another saint: Melangell daughter of Ricwlff son of Tudwal Tudclud; and Ethni the Irishwoman was her mother. See Melangell.

Ceidio, Ane and Aeddan Foeddog, sons of Caw Cowllog, who had their churches in Coed Ane and Rhodwydd Geidio. H. Rd. — EGLWYS RHODWYDD GEIDIO in Anglesey; LLANGEIDIO in Arfon.

Ceydiau son of Emyr Gwent. D. L.M.

Cristiolus in Lledwigan in Anglesey, and Rhyfedd in Ceredigion — sons of Howel Vychan son of Howel son of Emyr Llydaw. C.; so also Th. W. 2. Rhyfud. — LLANGRISTIOLUS in Anglesey.

Otherwise in the book of H. Rowland.

Cristiolus son of Owen son of Ynyr of Frydain Fach.

Cristiolus son of Hywel son of Ymyr Llydaw. Th. W. 1.

Cwyfen. Kwyns, Book of Watkin Owain. — LLANGWYFAN in Anglesey; LLANGWYFAN, Dyffryn Clwyd.

Cwyfen son of Brwyniw Hen son of Corthi of Gwyn Dyfnog son of Medrod son of Cowrda son of Caradog Freichfras, &c. C.

Cwyfen son of Brwynew Hen. Th. W. 1.

Cwyfen son of Brwynew Hen son of Corthi of Llŷn. Th. W. 2.

Cwytyeu son of Hwrwynen Hen; and Chanell the wife of Bot Angharad in Coliaun his mother. D.

Cybi son of Selyf son of Geraint son of Custennin son of Gorneu. S. — CAERGYBI, Anglesey; LLANGYBI, Arfon; LLANGYBI, Ceredigion; LLANGYBI, Monmouthshire.

Cybi son of Selyf son of Geraint son of Erbin son of Custennin Gorneu. B.

Cybi son of Selyf son of Geraint son of Erbin son of Custennin Gorneu. D. L.M.

Cybi son of Selyf son of Geraint son of Erbin son of Custennin Gorneu; and Gwen daughter of Gynyr of Caer Goch in Mynyw his mother. C.

Others say she was called Tonwen daughter of Gynyr. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

He was nephew of Cyngar and Iestin, and bishop of Anglesey, say some. H. Rowland.

Cybi son of Selyf son of Geraint son of Erbin son of Custennin Goronog; and Gwen daughter of Ynyr of Caer Goch his mother. Th. W. 1. In another place — son of Custennin Gorneu. Th. W. 1.

Cybi, &c. — Custennin Gorneu; and Gwen daughter of Gyngar of Caer Goch in Mynyw his mother. Th. W. 2.

Cadwaladr Fendigeid son of Cadwallon son of Cadfan son of Iago son of Beli son of Rhun. C. — LLANGADWALADR, Anglesey — LLANGADWALADR, Shropshire.

But more fully thus in other books:

Cadwaladr Vendigeit son of Cadwallon son of Cadfan son of Iago son of Beli son of Rhun son of Maelgwn, &c. B.

The one follows the error of the other. Thus in the Book of Llanerch:

Cadwaladr Fendigeid son of Cadwallon son of Cadfan son of Iago son of Beli son of Rhun son of Maelgwn son of Cadwallon Lawhir son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M.

† Llangadwaladr in Anglesey is a church dedicated to this royal saint. He was the last king of the Ancient Britons, and was be-monked and sainted by the Pope of Rome, Sergius, A.D. 665. R. V.; but 668, Galfridus and Caradoc. His grandfather Cadfan had been buried at this church, whose ancient name was Eglwysael, but was afterwards dedicated to St Cadwaladr. The inscription on Cadfan’s tomb is on a stone put as a lintel over the south door of that church, part of it hidden in the wall by the incurious mason:

CATAMANUS REX SAPIENTISSIMUS OPINATISSIMUS OMNIUM REGUM

This I copied from Rowland’s Mona, but I would have the stone again more narrowly examined. L.M.

Cenon, who came with Cadfan to this island. B.

Cenon, who came from Llydaw together with Cadfan to this island. D. See Rynon.

Cynog son of Brychan Merthyr; and in Merthyr Cynog in Brycheiniog he lies; and Banhadlwedd daughter of Banhadle of Banhadla in Powys was his mother. C. and Th. W. — LLANGYNOG in Mechain Mochnant; LLANGYNOG in Derllys, Carmarthenshire.

† Probably she was a mistress. See Brychan and his three wives.

Cyndeyrn Garthwys son of Owain son of Urien; and Dwynwen daughter of Lewddwn Luyddog, &c., his mother. B. K. &c. — LLANGYNDEYRN, Carmarthenshire.

Cyndeyrn Garthwys son of Owain son of Urien Rheged son of Cynfarch son of Meirchion Gul son of Grwst Ledlwm son of Cenau son of Coel; and Dwynwen daughter of Ladden Lueddog of Dinas Edwin (Eidyn) in the North his mother. C.

There was another Cyndeyrn:

Cyndeyrn son of Arthog son of Ceredig son of Cunedda. C.

St Kentigern in St Asaph. MS.

In the Book of Llanerch thus: Cyndeyrn Garthwys son of Ewein son of Urien; and Diuw daughter of Lewddwn Luyddog his mother. D.

In the book of Th. W. thus: and Deuci daughter of Lewddun Luyddog his mother, of Dinas Eiddin in the North. Th. W. 1.

Cyngar son of Arthog son of Ceredig, &c. C.

Cyngar son of Arthog son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. Th. W. 2.

There was another Cyngar:

Cyngar son of Geraint. See Iestin. C.

Cyngar, Iestin and Caw Cowllog (father of Ceidio, Ane and Aeddan Foeddog) were children of Geraint. See Geraint and Iestin. H. Rowland.

Cyngar in Llangefni. H.R.

Llangyngar in Flintshire.

Cyngar, and Iestin, and Cataw, and Selyf, sons of Geraint son of Erbin son of Custennin Gorneu son of Cynfor son of Tudwal son of Eurmwr (or Morfawr) son of Caden son of Cynan son of Eudaf son of Caradog son of Bran son of Llŷr Llediaith. Th. W. 2.

Cynhafal the saint son of Elgud son of Cadfarch of Llŷn son of Caradog Freichfras; Tubrawst, or Tuthlwyniaid, his mother. C. — LLANGYNHAFAL, Dyffryn Clwyd.

Cynhafal the saint son of Elgud son of Cadfarch son of Caradog Freichfras; Tubrawst, from whom is descended the … Th. W. 1.

Cynhafal the saint son of Elgud son of Cadfarch of Llŷn son of Caradog Freichfras; Tubrawst daughter of Tuthlwyniaid his mother. Th. W. 2.

Cynhaearn the saint in Eifionydd, son of Cynwel son of Cyndrwyn of Lys Tudwynnan in Ceredigion. S. — LLANGYNHAEARN, Arfon.

Cynhaearn in Eifionydd, and Hygarfael son of Cyndrwyn of Llystin Wennan in Caer Einion. B.

In the Book of Llanerch thus: Cynhaearn in Eifionydd son of Kervael son of Kendrwyn of Llystin Wynnan in Kereinion. D. L.M. See his brothers Elhaearn and Llwchaearn.

Cynhaearn in Ynys in Eifionydd, son of Garanfael son of Cyndrwyn of Llystenwynnen in Ceredigion. Th. W. 1. More fully from D.: his brother Aelhaearn in Cegidfa in Powys. Th. W. 1.

Cynbryd son of Brychan, who is a saint in Llanddulas. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Cymryd or Cyfryd. Ed. Llwyd.

Cynfyw and Cyniw — Cynfyw the saint son of Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell. S. — LLANGYNIW, Powys, commote of Caereinion.

Cynfyw the saint son of Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell. D. L.M.

Cynon, who came to the island with Cadfan. C. See Kenon. See Cadfan.

Cynfarch. St Cynfarch in the window of the church of Llanfair Dyffryn Clwyd.

Cynfarch, who executed the writing on the stone near Llangollen — “Conmarch pinxit hoc chirographum rege suo poscente Concen”, &c.

Cymorth daughter of Brychan in Emlyn; and her sister Clydai with her. C.

Clydai in Emlyn. Th. W. 2.

† But with him there is no daughter of Brychan called Cymorth; one of them, called Cenedlon, lies in Mynydd Cymorth. L.M.

Cynfarwy son of Awy son of Llehenog, lord of Cornwall — LLECHCYNFARWY. His church in Llechgynfarwy, Anglesey. H.R.

Cynin son of Brychan, who is a saint in the land of Dyfed, in the place called Llangynin and his servants, or his sons. C.; so also Th. W. 2; or Cypnyn. — LLANGYNIN, Carmarthenshire. Incorrectly Llangynan.

Cynfran son of Brychan, who is a saint in Llysfaen in Rhos. C.; so also Th. W. 2. — “God’s grace and Cynfran Lwyd on the cattle,” they used to say when offering over the cattle at Ffynnon Gynfran in Llysfaen, says Ed. Llwyd in his Itinerary.

Cynedyw son of Bleiddud son of Meirion son of Tibion son of Cunedda Wledig. B.

Is it not the same as Canotinn on the inscription on a stone in the churchyard of Llanwnnws in Cardiganshire? L.M.

Cyflefyr son of Brychan Merthyr, who lies in a saint’s place in Ceredigion in Deheubarth. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Cwyllog the saint, sister to Gildas son of Caw, says H.R., and wife of Medrawd. — LLANGWYLLOG, Anglesey.

Cedol — LLANGEDOL, Arfon. Llangedol in the parish of Pentir near Bangor Fawr.

Clynin son of Heli son of Glannog. Th. W. 2. See Boda. — LLANGLYNIN.

Llanglynin in Arfon; another in Merion.

Celert — BEDD CELERT; LLANGELER. Bedd Celert in Arfon; also Llangeler in Carmarthenshire.

Cedyrn — LLANGEDYRN. Llangedyrn in Llŷn.

Curig the saint — a church in Arwystli called Llangurig. † The one who carried a grey stone under the corner of his cloak. — Llangurig, Arwystli; church of Ilid and Curig, Morganwg; church of Porth Gurig, Morganwg; Capel Curig and his mother Julitta, in Arfon.

Cynllo the saint in Rhaiadr Gwy, son of Mar son of Cenau son of Coel. Th. W. 1. — LLANGYNLLO, Ceredigion; LLANGYNLLO, Radnorshire.

Cwallo — LLANGWLLO, Ceredigion, near Kilkenin(?).

Cynfelyn the saint — LLANGYNFELYN, Ceredigion, Geneu’r Glyn. Cynfelyn son of Bleidud son of Meirion son of Tybion son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M.

Carawn or Caron in Deheubarth. Th. W. 1. — TREGARON, Ceredigion.

Colmon or Colman the saint — LLANGOLMON, Pembrokeshire.

Catrin, or St Catherine — EGLWYS SANT Y CATRIN, Tir Dewi; LLANFESTYN(?) in Anglesey.

Sain Cler, or St Clare — ST CLARE, Carmarthenshire.

Caio — Cynwyd Gaeo.

Cynheidion or Cynhaiddion — see Tegiwg. — LLANGYNHEIDION, Cydweli. Cynneidion son of Ynyr Gwent; and Taegiwg his sister — their mother was Fadrun daughter of Gortheryr the king. Th. W. 2. See Ceidio.

Cwnnwr — LLANGWNNWR, Carmarthenshire.

Cenych or Cynych, L. G. Cothi — LLANGENYCH, Carmarthenshire.

Cammarch the saint — LLANGAMARCH, Brycheiniog.

Centen — LLANGENTEN, Brycheiniog.

Cynydyr the saint — EGLWYS MAES Y CHYNYDYR, Brycheiniog.

† 1. See his legend in Giraldus Cambrensis, Itinerarium Cambriae. 2. This is a Norman saint. 3. Over Cynciddion is interlined Ceidio.

Kenan — LLANGENAN, Brycheiniog.

Crallo the saint — LLANGRALLO, Morganwg.

Cynwyd the saint — LLANGYNWYD FAWR, Morganwg.

Carfan — LLANGARFAN, Morganwg.

Iwg the saint — LLANIWG, Morganwg; LLANGWG, Mynwy.

Cyfelach the saint — LLANGYFELACH, Tir Gwŷr, Morganwg.

Cynydd the saint — LLANGYNYDD, Tir Gwŷr.

Cofen — LLANGOFEN, Mynwy.

Cyfyw the saint, or Cifiw — LLANFYFIW or LLANCIFIW, Mynwy.

Ciwa the saint — LLANCIWA, Mynwy.

Ceydyav son of Emyr Gwent. D. L.M. See Ceidio son of Caw. — CARDIFF.

Carpio. Ceidio son of Ymyr Gwent. Th. W. 1.

Cowrda in Llangoed in Anglesey. Th. W. 1.

Cammab the saint (brother of Cadog) son of Gwynllyw. Th. W. 1.

Cwyfyn son of Arthalun of Llŷn Achlach. Th. W. 1.

Cataw son of Geraint son of Erbin. See Cyngar. Th. W. 2.

Cedol the saint in the parish of Pentir near Bangor Fawr in Gwynedd. Th. W. 1. See Cedol.

D #

DEINIOEL son of Dynod son of Pabo Post Prydain. — LLANDDEINIOL.

Deinioel son of Dynod Vab son of Pabo Post Prydain; and Dwywai daughter of Lleenog his mother. S. — DEINIOL, MAESYFED(?); BANGOR FAWR; LLANDDEINIOL, Ceredigion.

Deiniol son of Dungwd son of Pabo Post Prydain son of Arthwys son of Mar son of Cenau son of Coel, &c.; and Dwynwe daughter of Gwellog Llienog his mother. C.

Deiniol son of Dunawd Fwr son of Pabo Post Prydain; of Dwywei daughter of Llennog his mother. D. L.M.

Deiniol son of Dunawd Fwr son of Pabo Post Prydain; and Dwywei daughter of Lennog his mother. Th. W. 1.

In another place, Dwywy daughter of Banallig his mother. Th. W. 1. And Dwywe daughter of Gwallog son of Lleenog his mother. Th. W. 2.

Deinioel or Deiniel Fab, son of the above Deiniol. — LLANDDEINIOL FAB, in Anglesey.

Dewi son of Sant son of Cedic son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig; and Nonn (or Non) daughter of Gynyr of (or of Ynyr of) Caer Goch his mother. B.

† Dewi ddyfrwr, i.e. David the waterman; because he lived upon water before he accepted a see(?). 2. Sant/Sanctus.

Dewi son of Sant son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig; and Nonn daughter of Gynyr of Caer Goch in Mynyw his mother. D. L.M.

Dewi son of Sant son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig son of Edyrn son of Padran Beisrudd. C.

The mother of Dewi was Non daughter of Gynyr of Caer Goch in Mynyw. C.

The mother of Gynyr of Caer Goch was Anna daughter of Uthur Bendragon — Sim. Vychan in Th. W. 2.

The seven cousins who were saints:

David and Cybi delivered daily, Dwyn, Beuno for a warranty, Dingad, Cynfarch, honoured they, And Deiniol and Seiriol saints were they.

Those are the seven gold-cousins custom kept For saints prospering ever Who were in the Stone of granitic strength And the seven who astonished the stars(?).

Dier (sister of Tyfrydog) daughter of Arwystl Gloff. B. See Diheyuyr.

Dier Ymodffarri in Tegeingl. C.

Dier Ymhot Faru in Tegeingl. C., daughter of Arwystl Gloff, &c. See Tyfrydog.

Digain in Llangernyw son of Custennin Gorneu. C.

Digain in Llangernyw son of Custennin Gorneu. Th. W. 2. See Ysgin.

Dingad son of Brychan; a saint in Gwent Is Coed where he lies. C. and Th. W. 2.

Dingad son of Nudd Hael was the father of Lleuddad. See Lleuddad.

Dochdwy, Dochary — who came with Cadfan to this island. C.

Dochdwy, who came to this island with Cadfan. C.; so also Th. W. 1.

Dochdwy, and Mael, and Sulyen, &c., came from Llydaw together with Cadfan to this island. D. L.M.

Dogfael (Dochfael) son of Ithael son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. B. and C. — ST DOGMAEL, Pembrokeshire.

Dochfael son of Ithael Hael.

Docfael. C.

Dogfael son of Ithael Hael son of Cedic son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig — cousin of St David. Th. W. 1.

Dogfael son of Ithael Hael son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig … D. L.M.

Dogfel in Talebolion. Th. W. 1. — LLANDDOGWEI, Anglesey.

† In Wales.

Dogfan.

Docfan, and Rawin, and Ran, sons of Brychan — I know not where they repose. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Dona in Cathgoed in Anglesey, son of Selyf son of Cynan Garwyn son of Brochwel Ysgithrog, &c. C.; so also Th. W. 2; and in Crasgoed above, in Cathgoed in Anglesey. — LLANDDONA.

Dona son of Brochwel Ysgithrog. S.

Don son of Non son of Selyf son of Cynan Garwyn son of Brochwel Ysgithrog. B.

Dwynwen daughter of Brychan; and Ceinwen her sister — they are saints in Llanddwyn in Anglesey. C.; so also Th. W. 2. — LLANDDWYN in Anglesey.

† This saint among the Welsh was, like Venus among the Romans, the protectress of all love affairs. Dafydd ap Gwilym’s petition to her is a masterpiece.

Dwyfael son of Pryderi (or Pryder) son of Dolor Deiny of Deira and Bernicia in the North. C.; so also Th. W. 2. More fully thus: Dwyfael son of Pryderi son of Dolor Deifyr of Deira and Bernicia in the North. D. L.M.

Dwyfel in Llanfair in Llŷn. Th. W. 1.

Dyfnan son of Brychan in Anglesey; in Llanddyfnan he lies. B.

Dyfnan son of Brychan in Llanddyfnan. Th. W. 2.

Dyfnog, Dynog the saint son of Medrawd son of Sawdaf son of Caradog Freichfras. B.

A misreading of: Dynog the saint son of Medrawd son of Cowrdaf son of Caradog Freichfras. D. L.M.

A misreading of: Dyfnog son of Madredd son of Cowrda son of Caradog Freichfras. Th. W. 1.

Dyfrig son of Brychan, who is a saint in Ceredigion. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Dubricius, archbishop of Llandaff. See Liber Landavensis.

Dwywe — LLANDDWYWE in Ardudwy.

On the first Sunday after the feast of Dwywa is kept the wake of Dinmeirchion. Ed. Llwyd.

Diheyuyr of Mot y Faru in Tegeingl son of Hawystl Gloff; of Lywanned daughter of Amlawd Wledig his mother. D. L.M. See Dier.

Dolor son of Deifr of Deira and Bernicia in the North. Th. W. 1.

Dannwc and Samarws, the saints in Penial in Meirionydd. Th. W. 1. See Tanwg.

Doget. Th. W. 1. — LLANDDOGED. Doged son of Cedig son of Cunedda Wledig the king. Th. W. 1.

Dolgar daughter of Gildas son of Caw, lord of Cwm Cawlwyd. Th. W. 2. See Gwynnog.

Derfel Gadarn the saint, and Dwywei — sons of Hywel son of Emyr Llydaw. Th. W. 2. See Herbert’s Life of H. — LLANDDERFEL.

E #

EDWEN, a saint of English race, either daughter or niece of Edwin king of Northumberland, who was brought up in the court of Cadfan in Caer Segont; her church is in Anglesey. R. — LLANEDWEN, Anglesey.

Edeyrn, or Edeyrn son of Beli son of Rhun son of Maelgwn son of Cadwallon Lawhir son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. B. — EGLWYS EDERN, Llŷn.

Edyrn son of Lludd son of Beli, &c. son of Cyfwallon. C.

Edern son of Nudd son of Beli son of Run son of Maelgwn Gwynedd son of Cadwallon Lawhir son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M. — BODEDERN, Anglesey.

Edern son of Beli son of Run, &c., as in D. Th. W. 1.

Egryn son of Gwrydr Drwm son of Gwedrog son of Geraint son of Garanog son of Glewddigar son of Cynwae Rychwain — from Rhychwain being in Rhos. C.; so also Th. W. 2, save Cynwag Rhychwain. — LLANEGRYN.

Egryn son of Gwydrdrwm son of Gwedrog son of Geraint son of Caranog son of Glewdigar son of Cynwal son of Rychwin — from Rhychwin being in Rhos. Th. W. 3.

Einion Frenin son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. S. — LLANENGAN or LLANEINION in Llŷn.

Einion the king in Llŷn son of Owain Danwyn son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. B.

Einion the king in Llŷn son of Ewein Danwyn son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M.

Einion the king in Llŷn, and Seiriol in Penmon, and Meirion in the cantref — sons of Owain Danwyn son of Einion Yrth, &c. C.

Elldyd — LLANELLTYD in Merion. Of him nothing is recorded but that Elldyd was a knight. Ed. Llwyd’s Itinerary.

Eurgain daughter of Maelgwn Gwynedd. S. B. C. — LLANEURGAIN.

Eurgein daughter of Maelgwn Gwynedd son of Cadwallon Lawhir son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M.

Eithras, who came with Cadfan to this island. B. D.

Eithras, who came, &c. C.

Eithras, who came from Llydaw together with Cadfan to this island. D. L.M.

Elas the king son of Meurig son of Idno; and Onen Grog daughter of Gwallog son of Lleenog his mother. B. — CAPEL ELAETH, Anglesey.

† Read Onich Grey.

Elas the king son of Meurig son of Idno; and Elen Gwallog Luyddog his mother. C. Elen daughter of Gwallog son of Llienog.

Elas the king son of Meurig son of Idno; and Onnen daughter of Wallog son of Lleenog his mother. D. L.M.

Elas, &c., son of Meirchion son of Grwst son of Cenau son of Coel Godebog; of Elen Walldog Luyddog his mother. Th. W. 2.

An error for the same reason as the one in C.

Elen daughter of Coel Godebog — she it was who found the blessed Cross after it was hidden by the Jews in the earth. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Enghenel grandson of Frychwel Ysgithrog in Anglesey; there is his church — LLANENGHENEL.

Elhaearn in Cegidfa in Powys son of Hygarfael son of Cyndrwyn of Llystinwennan in Caereinion. B. — LLANAELHAIARN.

Aelhaiarn in Cegidfa in Powys son of Kyrvael son of Kyndrwyn of Lys Tydwynnan in Ceredigion. S.

Elhaearn in Cegidfa in Powys son of Kervael son of Kendrwyn of Llystinwynnan in Kereinion. D. L.M.

Morfael son of Cyndrwyn of Lysfwynnan. Th. W. 2.

Elian Ceimiad son of Kallgu Redegog son of Carcludwys son of Cyngan son of Yspwys; and Chenaf daughter of Tewdwr Mawr his mother — sister to Rhys son of Tewdwr Mawr. C.

A gross error.

Elien Ceimiad son of Alltu Redegog son of Carcludwys son of Cyngu son of Yspwys son of Cadrawd Calchfynydd; and Tegfan daughter of Tewdwr Mawr his mother. B.

This is the correct reading:

Elien Ceimiad son of Alltu Redegog son of Carcludwys son of Cyngu son of Yspwys son of Cadrawd Calchfynydd … daughter of Tewdwr Mawr his mother. D. L.M.

Elien son of Alltu Redegog son of Carcludwys son of Yspwys son of Cadrawd Calchfynydd; of Gyna daughter of Tewdwr Mawr son of Emyr Llydaw his mother. Th. W. 1.

Elen Ceimiad son of Callgu Redegog son of Carcludwys son of Cyngen, &c.; and Chena daughter of Tewdwr Mawr son of Madog son of Emyr Llydaw his mother. Th. W. 2. Over Cena “Gyna” was written. L.M.

See the Story of Elien Ceimiad by Gwilym Gwyn.

Elined daughter of Brychan in Gorsebawl, or Crug Gorseddawl. Th. W. 2.

Eleri daughter of Brychan, wife of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig, and mother of Sant son of Ceredig, father of St David, archbishop of Mynyw. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Eliri or Eleri in Pennant, &c. as far as Maxen Wledig. See Baglan; and Tebog(?) daughter of Lewddwn Rediog of Dinas Eiddin in the North his mother. B.

Eleri in Pennant Gwytherin in Rhufoniog; and Theon her mother — the Life of Gwenfrewi. Th. W. 1.

Eleri in Pennant. D. L.M. See Lleuddad. — AFON ELERI in Ceredigion.

Erbin son of Custennin was brother to Digain. C.

Eugrad son of Caw of Prydain. See Peirio his brother.

Elnog. Elnoc the saint of Caergybi. Probably this is Eluot — that is, Elvodugus or Elbotus.

Elwad son of Gowlwyd, who was bishop in Caergybi when the separation of Christ was, 773. Th. W. 1. †

Eluoc the saint of Caergybi. Th. W. 2. — a misreading for Eluot.

† This is certainly Nennius’s Elbotus.

Envail. Envail daughter of Brychan, who is a saint in Merthyr Envail. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Erwyn. Enddwyn. — LLANENDDWYN in Ardudwy.

Euddog — LLANEUDDOG, near Dwyran, in Anglesey.

F #

FABIATI. A misreading of Fabiali, it seems.

Fred Leian. See Sanffraid Leian. C.

Ffinan, who was disciple to Aidan. R. Mon. Ant. p. 153. See Flaherty’s Ogygia.

Fflewyn the saint son of Ithael Hael. See Gredifael.

Fabiali son of Brychan. See Neffei and Pasgen. C.

G #

Gallgo son of Caw of Prydain. See Peirio. Rowland. — LLANALLGO, Anglesey.

Gwrhei son of Caw, of Pen Ystrywyt in Arwystli. D. L.M.

Garmon son of Redgitos of France as to his descent; and in the time of Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau he came to this island. Th. W. 2. — LLANARMON; CAPEL GARMON; ST ARMON; ST HARMON.

Garmon son of Ridicus; and in the days of Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau he came to this island. D.

But in the old book: Garmon son of Ridicus, &c. L.M.

Goleuddydd daughter of Brychan, who is a saint in Llanhesgin in Gwent. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Grwst, or Gwrwst son of Gwaith Henger son of Urien; and Eironwy daughter of Clydno Eiddin his mother. B. — LLANRWST.

Gwrwst son of Gwaith Henger son of Elphin son of Urien, &c. — from the Book of Llanerch, it seems.

Gwrwst son of Gwaith Henger son of Elphin son of Urien; and Euronwy daughter of Clydno Eiddin his mother. D.

Gwrwst son of Gwaith Henger son of Elfin son of Urien, and so on to Coel Godebog; and Chreirwy daughter of Clydno Eiddin son of Cynwyd Cynwydion son of Cynfelyn his mother. C.; so also Th. W. 1 and 2.

Gerwyn son of Brychan, who is a saint in Ceri(?). C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Gwenteirbron daughter of Emyr Llydaw was the mother of St Cadfan. C.

Gwenddydd daughter of Brychan, who is a saint in the place called Towyn in Meirionydd. C.; so also Th. W. 2. Others call her Gwawrddydd — wife of Cadell Ddyrnllug and mother of Cyngen, father of Brochwel Ysgithrog. C.; so also Th. W. 2. See Tangwystl.

Gwery.

Gwladus — Gwladus daughter of Brychan, who was wife to Gwynllyw son of Gliwys son of Tegid son of Cadell Ddyrnllug, and mother to Cadog the saint and mother to Gliwys Ceirnyw his brother the saint. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Gwawr daughter of Brychan, wife of Elidir Lydanwyn, mother of Llywarch Hen. Th. W. 3.

Gwrnerth, or Gurnerth the saint, son of Llywelyn the saint of Trallwng. S. and B.

Gurnerth the saint son of Llywelyn the saint of Trallwng. D. L.M.

Gwyddfarch Erienot(?) son of Amalarus the prince of Powys. S.

Gwyddfarch in Meifod son of Malarys the prince of Powys. B.

Gwyddfarch in Meifod son of Amalarus the prince of Powys. D. L.M.

Gwynin, and Boda, and Brothen the saints — sons of Helig son of Glannog of Tyno Helig, which the sea overflowed for their land. D.

Gwynllyw. Gwynllyw son of Cyngar son of Garthog son of Cunedda Wledig. B.

Gwynllyw son of Cyngar son of Garthog son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M.

Gwenlliw son of Cyngar son of Arthog son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. C.

Gwynllyw son of Cyngar son of Caradog son of Cunedda Wledig. Th. W. 1.

Cynfelyn son of Bleiddud was cousin to Cyngar. See Cynfelyn. Th. W. 1.

Gwynog. Gwynog — Gwynog son of Gildas son of Caw. D. L.M. See Noethon.

Gwynog and Notho, sons of Gildas son of … C.

Gwynog and Noethan, sons of Gildas son of Caw. Th. W. 1.

Gwynog son of Gildas son of Caw, lord of Cwm Cawlwyd; and Dolgar his sister. Th. W. 2.

Gwyngawr son of Gildas son of Caw. B.

Gwynodl or Gwynoedl son of Seithennin the king of Maes Gwyddno, which the sea overflowed for their land. D. — LLANGWYNODL in Llŷn.

Gwen daughter of Brychan in Talgarth; others say that is Clodfeith. Th. W. 2.

This is Gwennan, in the book S., it seems.

Gwytherin in Rywyniog son of Dingad, &c. D. See Lleuddad, Baglan, Eleri, Tegwy, Tyfriog. In the church and churchyard of Gwytherin are notable graves of Cernig(?) and the shrine of Gwenfrewi, with her image by Ed. Llwyd — third Itinerary.

Gredifael and Fflewy, sons of Ithel Hael of Prydain, in Penmynydd and Anew(?) in Anglesey. Rowland.

Gredifel son of Ithael Hael of Llydaw. S.

Gredifel in Penmynydd. Th. W. 1.

Gwrgon daughter of Brychan, wife of Cadrod Calchfynydd, who drove the marsh of Baglog(?) in the fords of Tynwedd. C.; so also Th. W. 2. Save Gwrgon in place of Gwrgon.

Gwrtheli or Gartheli. Capel Gwrtheli in the parish of Llanddewi Brefi. Gwrthiau, posterity of Gwrtheli.

Gwenvaen the saint, sister of Peulan. R. — CAPEL GWENFAEN in Rhoscolyn; and Ffynnon Wenvaen. See also Gwyngenau, another brother.

Gwenvaen sister of Peulan; and Angad Coleion their mother. Th. W. 1.

Gwenllwyfo or Llwyddog, Anglesey. — LLANWENLLWYFO.

Gwyngenau son of Pawl Hen of the North. Th. W. 1. — CAPEL GWYNGENAU near Caergybi. See Peulan and Gwenvaen.

Gwynllwg. Th. W. 1.

Gredfiw in Llanllyfni. Th. W. 1.

Gorfyw the saint — CAPEL GORFYW in Bangor Uwch Conwy. Th. W. 1.

H #

HAWYSTL daughter of Brychan, who is a saint in Caer Hawystl. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Helig son of Glannog — father of Brothen, Gwynin and Boda — of Tyno Helig, which the sea overflowed for their land. D. L.M.

Hychan son of Brychan, who is a saint in Dyffryn Clwyd. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Honwyn or Hywyn son of Gwyndaf Hen of Llydaw, priest to Cadfan and to the saints who were in Enlli contemporary with them. B.

Hywyn son of Gwyndaf Hen of Llydaw, priest to Cadfan and to the saints who were contemporary with him in Enlli. C.; so also Th. W. 1.

Hewyn son of Gwyndaf Hen of Llydaw, priest to Cadfan and to the saints who were contemporary with them in Enlli. D. L.M.

Howyn in Aberdaron. Th. W. 1.

Hilary. See Elian.

I #

IDDEW Corn Prydain son of Cowrda son of Criadog Freichfras son of Llŷr Merini. S.

Idlos son of Gwyddnabi son of Llawfrodedd Farfog Coch. C. — LLANIDLOES.

Idloes son of Gwydnabi son of Llawfrodedd Farfog. D. L.M.

Idloes son of Gwyddnabi son of Llawfrodedd Farchog Coch. Th. W. 2.

Iestin son of Geraint son of Custennin son of Gorneu. S. — LLANIESTIN.

Iestin son of Geraint son of Erbin son of Custennin Gorneu son of Cynfar son of Tudwal — Eurmwr or Morfawr. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Iestin son of Geraint son of Erbin son of Custennin Gorneu. D. L.M.

† He was buried at Llaniestin near Beaumaris in Anglesey, whose tombstone I have seen there with an inscription upon it — which is falsely copied by Mr Rowland in his Mona Antiqua, p. 150.

Iestin son of Caden son of Cynan son of Eudaf son of Caradog son of Bran son of Llŷr Llediaith. C.

† In Llanilar, Cardiganshire, the wakes are kept on Dyddgwyl Ilar (or Ilar Bysgodwr).

Iestin son of Geraint son of Erbin — (truncated).

L #

LLECHID in Arllechwedd daughter of Ithel Hael of Llydaw. B. — LLANLLECHID. Sister to Tegai and Trillo. C.; so also Th. W. 1 and 2; and to Rychwyn. Th. W. 1.

Lleian daughter of Brychan, wife of Gawran, mother of Aeddan Vradog. C.; so also Th. W. 2. Gafran son of Aeddan son of Gafran son of Dyfnwal Hen married Lleian daughter of Brychan, says R. Vychan.

Lleuddad or Lleuddad the saint in Enlli son of Dingad son of Nudd Hael son of Senyllt son of Cedig son of Dyfnwal Hen son of Ednyfed son of Maxen Wledig; and Thenwy daughter of Lewddwn Luyddog of Dinas Eiddin in the North his mother. D. L.M.

His brothers were Baglan, Gwytherin, Tegwy and Tyfriog, and his sister Eleri. D. L.M.

Lleuddad in Enlli son of Dingad, &c., as before. B.

Lleuddad, who came with Cadfan. C. See Sulyen.

Lleuddad in Enlli, and Maelgan or Baglan in Coed Alun, Eleri in Pennant, Gwytherin in Rhufoniog, and Tegwy in Ardudwy, and Tyfrydog in Ceredigion Isgoed — sons of Dingad son of Nudd Hael son of Senyllt son of Cedig, &c.; and Thenwy daughter of Lawdden Lueddog of Dinas Edwin their mother. C.; so also Th. W. 2 — and Thonwy daughter of Lawdden.

† Lleuddad’s legend is in L. Gl. Cothi’s works, p. 276, where he calls Dingad Brenin Bryn Buga son of Nudd Hael. He also calls him Llowddog: “Llowddog fy llw a oddef — Lleuddad ap Dingad yw ef.” L. G. Co. Dafydd ap Ieuan ap Rhys, in his Cywydd Enlli, calls him Llewdad: “Cennad at Lewdad Lwydwyn.” D. I. Rh.

Llonio or Lloniaw Lawhir son of Alan Fyrgan son of Emyr Llydaw. B.

Llonio Lawfwr son of Alan Fyrgan son of Emyr Llydaw. D. L.M.

Llonio son of Alan Ffrigan son of Ynyr Llydaw. C.

Llwchaearn in Cedewain son of Cynfael son of Cyndrwyn. S. — LLANLLWCHAEARN.

Llwchaearn in Cedewain son of Cygarvael son of Cyndrwyn of Llystin Wennan. B.

Llwchaearn in Cedewain son of Kervael son of Cyndrwyn of Llystinwynnan in Kereinion. D. L.M.

Llywab, who came with Cadfan to this island. B.

Llywab, who came from Llydaw together with Cadfan to this island. D. L.M.

Llywelyn the saint son of Bleiddud son of Tegonwy son of Teon son of Gwinau Dau Freuddwyd. S.

Llywelyn of Trallwng son of Tegonwy son of Teon son of Gwinau Dau Freuddwyd. B.

Llywelyn son of Bleidud son of Tegonwy son of Teon son of Gwineu Deu Freudwyd. D. L.M. See Gomerth.

Llywyn, or Llywen, who came with Cadfan to this island. B.

Llywen, who came from Llydaw together with Cadfan to this island. D. L.M.

Llecheu son of Brychan in Llangan in Anglesey, or Tregayan in Anglesey. C.

† Llecheu son of Brychan in Tal-y-llecheu. Th. W. 2. That is certainly a blunder, for that is Tal y Llychau from the two lakes.

M #

MARCHELL daughter of Arwystl Gloff; and Thywanwedd daughter of Amlawd Wledig her mother. — CAPEL MARCHELL in Llanrwst. Th. W. 1. — YSTRAD MARCHELL.

Marchell daughter of Arwystl Gloff, of Dwywannedd daughter of Amlawd, &c. C. See Tyfrydog her brother.

Marchell daughter of Hawystl Gloff, of Llywannedd daughter of Amlawd Wledig her mother. D. L.M.

Mathaern son of Brychan; in Ceredigion he lies. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Mechell daughter of Brychan, wife of Gynyr Varddrwch. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Mechyll or Mechyl son of Cochwyl son of Gwyn Gohoeu. D.

Some would read it thus, but it ought to be thus: Mechyl son of Arthwys, &c. — that is, Mechyll.

Mechell son of Echwydd son of Gwyn, &c. Rowland, p. 150. — LLANFECHELL.

Mechyll son of Mochwys son of Gwyn Gohoeu son of Cynfarwy of Cesniw(?). Th. W. 1.

Meigent or Meugant son of Cyndaf, a man of Israel. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Meirion or Meiriawn son of Owain Danwyn. S.

Meiriawn in the cantref son of Owain Danwyn son of Einion Yrth, &c. B.

Meirion in the cantref son of Ewein Danwyn son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M.

In Llanfeirion in Anglesey. Rowland.

See Seiriol and Einion Frenin.

Maelog son of Caw of Prydain. — LLANFAELOG, Anglesey.

Meryn or Meiryn son of Seithennin of Maes Gwyddno, which the sea overflowed for their land. S. or B.

Merin, and Tutglyt, and Gwynoedyl, and Tudno … Vender and Senneuyr — sons of Seithennin the king of Maes Gwyddno, which the sea overflowed for their land. D. L.M.

Merini. Th. W. 1. See Bliglyd.

Melangell daughter of Tudwal son of Credict(?) son of Dyfnwal Hen son of Ednyfed son of Maxen Wledig. C. — PENNANT MELANGELL.

Melangell daughter of Jutwal son of Ceredig son of Dyfnwal Hen son of Ednyfed son of Maxen Wledig; and Ethin the Irishwoman her mother. Th. W. 2.

Melangell daughter of Ricwlff son of Tudawal Tudclud; and Ethni the Irishwoman her mother. D. L.M.

Melangell daughter of Cuwlch son of Tydwal Tudclud. Th. W. 1.

Mael, who came from Llydaw together with Cadfan to this island. D. L.M. See Sulyen.

Mael son of Sulien in Corfaen(?). Th. W. 2.

Probably “Mael and Sulien.”

Maelrys — LLANFAELRYS.

Maelrys son of Gwyddno son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. C.

Maelrys son of Gwydno son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. D. L.M.

Maethlu in Carneddor in Anglesey, son of Caradog Freichfras as far as Cunedda Wledig; of Degau Eurfron his mother. See Cadfarch and Tangwn. — LLANFAETHLU, Anglesey. See Amaethlu.

Madrun daughter of Gwrthefyr, king of the Isle of Britain. D. L.M.

Madrun daughter of Gwrthefyrn the king of this island. Th. W. 1. And Anhun the handmaid. Th. W. 1.

Mwrog in Anglesey — LLANFWROG, Anglesey. See his Story.

Mordeyrn the saint — CAPEL MORDEYRN; a saint in Nantglyn he was. Th. W. 1. There is a cywydd of his Story.

Mwynen daughter of Brychan — also her two sisters Gwennan and Gwenlliw, according to the book S. But I have not seen their names in other books. L.M.

† 1. To Cedic. 2. On the feast of Mael and Sulien the men of the Cwm in Tegeingl keep their wake — 13th of May. On the Sunday after the day they used to keep their wakes, not only here but nearly throughout all Wales. — Ed. Llwyd’s Itinerary.

N #

NEFFEI son of Brychan; and his brothers Pasgen and Ffabiali of the Spains — these went as saints and chief robbers(?) in Spain. C.; so also Th. W. 2. See Pasgen and Ffabiali.

Nefydd daughter of Brychan, wife of Tudwal Befr; she is a saint in the place called Llech Gelyddon in Prydyn. C.; so also Th. W. 2. — LLANNEFYDD, Denbighshire.

Nefyn daughter of Brychan, wife of Cynfarch Oer son of Meirchion Gul son of Grwst Ledlwm son of Cenau son of Coel Godebog; and mother of Urien son of Cynfarch, who was called Urien Rheged or Urien Reged — her mother Eurddul was the wife of Oliver Gosgorddfawr. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Nidan in Anglesey son of Gwrfyw son of Pasgen son of Urien. B. — LLANIDAN, Anglesey.

Nidan in Anglesey son of Gwrfyw son of Pasgen son of Cynfarch son of Meirchion son of Grwst son of Cenau son of Coel Godebog. C.

Nidan in Anglesey son of Gwrfyw son of Pasgen son of Urien. D. L.M.

Noethan or Noethen son of Gildas son of Caw. B.

Noethon son of Gildas son of Caw. D. L.M. See Gwynog.

† 1. Near Eglwys Llangwm Dinmael the chapels of Gwynog and Noethon are now converted to a mill and a kiln — an old house there called Llys Dinmael.

Non, mother of Dewi. — LLANNON.

O #

OLERI son of Brychan. † (A mistake for Eleri daughter of Brychan.)

Oswald in Northumberland son of Oswy Aelwyn. Th. W. 1.

P #

PABO Post Prydain son of Arthrwys son of Mar son of Ceneu son of Coel Godebog — the eldest of the saints of Anglesey. Rowland. — LLANBABO.

Padarn son of Pedrwn son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. B. — LLANBADARN.

Padarn son of Pedrwn son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. D. L.M.

Padarn son of Pedrwn son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. Th. W. 1.

Padrig son of Alvryd son of Gronwy of Gwaredog. S. — LLANBADRIG.

Padrig son of Gronwy of Gwaredog. B.

Padrig son of Aluryd son of Goronwy of Gwaredog in Arfon. D. L.M. So also in one place in the book of Th. W. 1.

Padrig the saint son of Alfryd son of Gronwy of Gwaredog in Arfon. C. In the book of Th. W., of Wrydog in Arfon.

Padrig, a Briton of Strathclyde in the North, who owned Llanbadrig in Anglesey — he was driven away by Pope Celestine(?) to convert the Irish. Rowland.

Padrig the saint son of Alfryd son of Gronwy son of Gwdion son of Don of Gwaredog in Arfon. Th. W. 2.

Pasgen son of Brychan. See Neffei.

Peblig the saint in Caer in Arfon son of Maxen Wledig, emperor of Rome; and Elen daughter of Eudaf his mother. B. and C. — LLANBEBLIG, Arfon.

Peblig in Caer in Arfon son of Maxen Wledig, king of the Britons and emperor in Rome; and Elen daughter of Eudaf his mother. Th. W. 2.

Pedrog.

Pledrog son of Clemens the prince of Cornwall. D. L.M.

Probably it ought to be Pedrog. L.M.

Pedrog son of Clemens the prince of Cornwall. Th. W. 1. — LLANBEDROG.

Pedyr son of Corun son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. D. — LLANBEDR.

Pedr son of Corun son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. Th. W. 1.

Peris the saint, cardinal of Rome. D. L.M. — LLANBERIS.

Peris the saint, cardinal of Rome; and Gwynin and Brothen, sons of Llannog son of Helig of Tyno Helig in the North. Th. W. 1.

In the Book of Llanerch thus: Boda and Gwynin and Brothen, sons of Helig son of Glannog, &c.

Peulan son of Pawl of Manaw; his sister was Gwenfaen of Rhoscolyn. Rowland. — LLANBEULAN.

Peulan and Gwrgenau, sons of Pawl Hen of Manaw. Th. W. 1.

Gwrgeneu is a misreading for Gwyngenau. See that name.

Peugan in Dyffryn Clwyd. Th. W. 1.

Padran son of Corun. See Carannog, Tyrnog, Pedyr.

Padran son of Hedd son of Emyr Llydaw. C.

Others say: Padran son of Peitwn son of Emyr Llydaw. C. Probably Padern son of Pedrwn. See Padarn.

Peirio son of Caw of Prydyn — he is in Anglesey. H. Rowland. — RHOSBEIRIO. See his brothers Gallgo, Eugrad, Maelog, Casso, and his sister Cwyllog. H. Rowland.

R #

RHAIN son of Brychan, who is a saint in Lincolnshire; and he has a temple in Manaw. C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Rhawyn son of Brychan. See Docfan. C.

Rhun son of Brychen. See Docfan. C.

Rheingar or Rhieingar, who is a saint in Llech Maelienydd(?); and mother of Geinydr the saint of Maelienydd.

This is not in book D, but it is in the book Th. W. 2.

Rhyfedd son of Howel Vychan son of Howel son of Emyr Llydaw. C.; so also Th. W. 2. Rhystud. Th. W. 2. See Cristiolus. — LLANRHYSTUD, Ceredigion.

Rhystud the saint, a certain high-born maid Who spread her lineage over some llanerch(?) — D.G.

Rhediw the saint in Llanllyfni. Ffynnon Rediw, Cadeir Rediw, the horse’s hoof-print of Rediw, the thumb-print of Rediw; the feast-day of Rediw is kept there in the winter.

Rhwydrys son of Rhwydrim, or Rodrem, king of Connacht. S. — in Ireland. R.

Rhwydrys son of Rhwydrhieni(?) king of Connacht of Ireland. Th. W. 1.

Rhychwyn the saint son of Ithael Hael of Llydaw. Th. W. 1. — LLANRHYCHWYN. See Tegai, Trillo and Llechid.

Rhychwyn son of Heli son of Glannog. Th. W. 2. See Boda.

S #

SANFFRAID Leian daughter of Cadwrthai Wyddel. C.

Sanffraid Leian daughter of Dwyppws son of Cefyth of the race of the Scots. Th. W. 1.

Sanffred Leian daughter of Cadwthlac Wyddel. Th. W. 2. — LLANSANFFRAID.

Saeran son of Geraint Saer of Ireland. C. and Th. W. 2. In Llanynys is the church of Saeran in the cantref of Dyffryn Clwyd, says Llelo Gwta — where he showed his grave, says Ed. Llwyd, about 300 or 400 years old.

Saiarn.

Seirioel in Penmon son of Ewein Danwyn son of Einion Yrth son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M. — CAPEL SEIRIOEL. See Einion and Meirion. So also B. and S.

Selyf son of Geraint son of Erbin. Th. W. 2. See Cyngan, Iestin and Cataw.

Seneuyr son of Seithennin the king of Maes Gwyddno. B.

Senneuyr son of Seithennin the king of Maes Gwyddno, which the sea overflowed for their land. D. L.M. See Tutglyt, Gwynoedyl, Merin, Tudno and … Vender.

St Siad in Holt. Th. W. 1. — ST CHAD, Latin Cedda.

Siat Rhadynfre son of Cadfan Llwydgoed(?). Th. W. 2 and C. Probably Cadfan, abbot of Enlli.

Sulien or Sulyen, who came with Cadfan to this island. B. and D.

Sulien, Kynon, Dochdwy, Mael, Tanwg, Eithras, Lleuddad, Llywyn — who came from Llydaw with Cadfan. C. — LLANSILIN; CAPEL SILIN in Wrecsam. Th. W. 1.

This was in the time of Arthur, it seems.

Styfan son of Mawon son of Cyngen son of Cadell Ddyrnllug. D. L.M. — LLANYSTYFAN.

Styffan or Ystyffan son of Mawan son of Cyngen son of Cadell Ddyrnllug. C. — son of Cadell Ddyrnllug. B.

Sadwrn the saint — LLANSADWRN in Anglesey, and in Emlyn, Carmarthenshire.

Sadyrnin: Latin Saturninus. — LLANSADYRNIN, Carmarthenshire.

† Morgan ap Sadyrnin is mentioned in Mr R. V.’s papers of the Northern Wars.

T #

TANWG, who came with Cadfan. B. — LLANDANWG.

Tanwg, who came from Llydaw together with Cadfan to this island. D. L.M.

Tanwg son of Ithel Hael. Th. W. 1. See Twrog and Baglan.

Tangwn in Llangoed in Anglesey. S.

Tangwn in Llangoed in Anglesey son of Caradog Freichfras son of Llŷr, &c. B.

Tangwn in Llangoed in Anglesey son of Caradog Freichfras son of Llŷr Marini. D. L.M. See his brothers Cadfarch and Amaethlu.

Tangwyn in Llangoed in Anglesey. C.

Tangwystl or Tanglwst — Tangwystl daughter of Brychan, wife of Cyngen son of Cadell Ddyrnllug, mother of Brochwel Ysgithrog, and Maig and Ieuaf. Th. W. 2.

Tegwy or Tegwy in Ceredigion Is Coed, son of Dingad, &c., to Maxen Wledig. B. — LLANDEGWY. See Baglan.

Tecwyn or Tegwyn, who came from Llydaw together with Cadfan. D. — LLANDECWYN, Merion.

Tegai or Tegai in Maes Llanglasog son of Ithel Hael of Llydaw. S. — LLANDYGAI, Arfon.

Tegai Glasog in Maes Ythan(?) son of Ithel of Llydaw. B.

Tegai in Maes Llanglasog son of Ithel Hael of Llydaw. C. See Llechid his sister. C.; and Trillo. C.

Tegai in Maes Llanglasog son of Ithael Hael of Llydaw. D. L.M. See his brother Terillo.

Tegai in Maes Englysog(?); and Trillo in Dinorwig in Rhos; and Rhychwyn — sons of Ithel Hael of Llydaw, and Llechid their sister.

Tegiwg.

Tegiwg daughter of Ynyr Gwent; her mother was Fadrun daughter of Gorthefyr the king. See Cynaiddion. Th. W. 1.

Tegfan or Tegfan the saint — Tegfan the saint in Anglesey son of Carcludwys son of Cyngu son of Yspwys son of Cadrawd Calchfynydd. D. L.M. — LLANDEGFAN, Anglesey.

Tegfan the saint in Anglesey son of Carcludwys son of Cyngen son of Yspwys son of Cadrawd Calchfynydd; and to Coel Godebog the king, grandson of Gadrod. Rowland.

Tegfan son of Carcludwys son of Cyngen son of Yspwys son of Cadrawd Calchfynydd; and Thena daughter of Tewdwr Mawr his mother. Th. W. 1.

Teilo son of Enlleu(?) son of Hydwn Dwn son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. B. — LLANDEILO, church of Llandaff; LLANDEILO FAWR.

Teilo son of Enfych son of Hydwn Dwn son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M.

Teilo son of Curfith son of Hydwn Dwn. C. Others say — Teilo son of Enog son of Hydwn Dwn son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. C.; so also Th. W. 2. Nephew, son of a cousin, to Dewi. C.

† This was St Teilo of Llandaff. In the Welsh charters in the Liber Landavensis he is written “Teliau”, being the patron saint of Llandaff. “Tri chorph a wnas Duw i Deilaw” — Triads.

Teilo son of Enos son of Hyddun Dwn son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig — nephew, son of a cousin, to Dewi; and Tegfedd daughter of Tegid Foel of Penllyn his mother. Th. W. 1. — Teilo son of Cuffith son of Hydwn. Th. W. 2. Or Enoc.

Tybie daughter of Brychan, who is a saint in Llandybie in Ystrad Dewi. C. Read: Ystrad Tywi.

Trillo in Dinorwig in Rhos son of Ithel Hael of Llydaw. S. — LLANDRILLO.

Trillo in Rhos son of Ithel of Llydaw. B.

Trillo in Dinorwig in Rhos son of Ithael Hael of Llydaw. D. L.M.

Trillo in Dinorwig in Rhos son of Ithel Hael of Llydaw. C. See Llechid his sister. See also Gredifel.

Trunio son of Diwng son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. B. — LLANDRINIO.

Trunio son of Diwng son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. D. L.M.

Triniawg son of Dufwng son of Ymyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. Th. W. 1.

Tudno son of Seithennin. B., or Seitherin. — LLANDUDNO, Arfon.

Tudno son of Seithennin the king of Maes Gwyddno, which the sea overflowed for their land. D. L.M. See Gwynoedyl, Merin, Tutglyt, Senneuyr … Vender … his brothers.

Tudfyl daughter of Brychan, who is a saint in Merthyr Tudful in Morganwg. C.; so also Th. W. 2. — MERTHYR TYDFIL.

Tudyr in Darowain in Cyfeiliog son of Arwystl Gloff son of Seithenin the king of Maes Gwyddno. B.

Tudyr in Darowain in Cyfeiliog son of Hawystl Gloff, of Lywanned daughter of Amlawd Wledig his mother. D. L.M.

Tudur the saint in Arwain in Cyfeiliog son of Arwystl Gloff, &c., of Dwywannedd daughter of Amlawd Wledig his mother. C.

Tudur in Darowain in Cyfeiliog; Tyfrydog in Anglesey; Dier in Tegeingl; Mot Fari and Marchell her daughter — sons of Arwystl Gloff, of Difanwledd daughter of Amlawd Wledig their mother. Th. W. 1.

Tutglyt son of Seithennin. See Merin.

Tutglyt son of Sochmyn (Seithennin) the king. Th. W. 2.

Tydieu daughter of Brychan, in the Three Chapel Heads(?). C.; so also Th. W. 2.

Tydecho son of Annwn Ddu son of Ynyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. S. — CAPEL TYDECHO.

Tydecho son of Annwn Du son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadfan. D. L.M.

Tydecho son of Annwn Ddu son of Emyr, &c. C. He had his cloister at Llandegfan in Anglesey. Rowland.

Tydecho son of Gildas son of Caw. S.

Tyrnog son of Arwystl Gloff in Dyffryn Clwyd, of Dwywannedd daughter of Amlawd Wledig his mother. C. — LLANDYRNOG.

Tyrnog in Dyffryn Clwyd son of Arwystl Gloff; and Thywannedd daughter of Amlawd Wledig his mother. B.

Tyrnog in Dyffryn Clwyd son of Hawystl Gloff. D. L.M.

Tyrnog son of Corun son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. C.; so also Th. W. 1, adding: cousin of Dewi.

Tyfwyll son of Corun son of Ceredig son of Cunedda Wledig. D. L.M. — LLANDYSUL. So also C.; so also Th. W. 1.

Tyssilio — LLANDYSSILIO.

Tyssilio son of Brochwel Ysgithrog, &c., of Arddun daughter of Pabo Post Prydain his mother. C.

Tyssilio son of Brochwel Ysgithrog son of Cyngen son of Cadell Ddyrnllug; and Arddun Benasgell daughter of Pabo Post Prydain his mother. D. L.M.

Tyssilio son of Brochwel Ysgithrog son of Cyngen son of Cadell Ddyrnllug; and Addun daughter of Pabo Post Prydain. Th. W. 1.

Tyfriog in Ceredigion Is Coed son of Dingad, &c., to Maxen Wledig. See Baglan. B. — LLANDYFRIOG, Ceredigion.

Tyfriog in Ceredigion Isgoed son of Dingad son of Nudd Hael son of Senyllt son of Cedig son of Dyfnwal Hen son of Ednyfed son of Maxen Wledig; and Thenwy daughter of Lewddwn Luyddog of Dinas Eiddin in the North his mother. D. L.M.

See his brothers Lleuddad, Baglan, Gwytherin, Tegwy, and his sister Eleri.

Tyfrydog in Anglesey son of Arwystl Gloff; and Thyfwanwedd his mother. B. — LLANDYFRYDOG, Anglesey.

Tyfrydog in Anglesey son of Arwystl Gloff, &c., of Dwywannedd daughter of Amlawd Wledig his mother. C.; so also Th. W. 2. See Dier, Tyrnog, Tudur and Marchell their sister. C.

Tyfrydog in Anglesey son of Hawystl Gloff. D. L.M. — of Lywanned daughter of Amlawd Wledig his mother. D. See his brothers Diheyuyr, Teyrnog and Tudur, and Marchell their sister. D.

Twrog the saint — LLANDWROG, Arfon. Twrog, Tanwg and Baglan, sons of Ithel Hael. Th. W. 1.

Tyneio — see Bliglyd. — EGLWYS DYNEIO in Pwllheli(?). † From Heli son of Glannog.

U #

UST and Dyfnig, the saints in Llanwrin in Cyfeiliog, who came to this island with Cadfan. Th. W. 1.

Y #

YSTYFFAN. See Styffan and Stephen.

Ysgin son of Erbin son of Custennin Gorneu. Th. W. 2. See Digain.

See the Triads of the Isle of Britain #

That Is, the Triads of Memorial and Record and Knowledge concerning the Notable Men and Things That Were in the Isle of Britain, and Befell the Nation of the Cymry from the Age of Ages #

† The following triads were taken through the Reverend Mr T. Walters out of a written book belonging to the late Mr Richards of Llanegwad in Ystrad Tywi, deceased — Iolo Morganwg.

1. Three names were given to the Isle of Britain from the beginning: before it was inhabited it was called Clas Merddin; and after it was inhabited it was called the Honey Island (Fel Ynys); and after a sovereignty was imposed upon it by Prydain son of Aedd Mawr it was called the Isle of Prydain. And no one has a right to it save the nation of the Cymry, for they first conquered it; and before that there was no man living in it — only bears and wolves and bisons(?) and wild oxen there were.

2. Three chief provinces of the Isle of Britain: Wales, England and Scotland; and the privilege of kingship is due to each of the three. And under one Supreme Head and Law of the Land they are ruled, according to the Ordinance of Prydain son of Aedd Mawr; and upon the nation of the Cymry it lies to confer the Supreme Headship, according to the Law of Land and Nation, by common privilege and obligation; and under the protection of whatever Ordinance kingship is due in every realm in the Isle of Britain, and under the protection of Law of Land every kingdom — for which reason it is proverbially said: “A country is stronger than a lord.”

3. Three pillars of the sovereignty of the Isle of Britain: Law of Land, Kingship, and Privilege — according to the Ordinance of Prydain son of Aedd Mawr.

4. Three pillars of the nation of the Isle of Britain: First, Hu Gadarn, who first brought the nation of the Cymry to the Isle of Britain — and from the Land of Summer, called Deffrobani (which is where Constantinople is), they came; and through the Misty Sea they came to the Isle of Britain and to Llydaw, where they dwelling. Second, Prydain son of Aedd Mawr, who first established sovereignty and kingship in the Isle of Britain; and before that there was no right save what was done by compulsion, and no law save the strongest prevailed. Third, Dyfnwal Moelmud, who first made an ordinance upon laws, statutes, customs and privileges of land and nation; and for those things they were called the Three Pillars of the nation of the Cymry.

5. Three invading peoples who came benignly(?) to the Isle of Britain: First was the nation of the Cymry, who came with Hu Gadarn to the Isle of Britain — for he would not take land and territories by fighting and pursuit, but by righteousness and in peace. Second was the race of the Lloegrwys, who came from the Land of Gwasgwyn and were descended from the primal nation of the Cymry. Third was the Britons, who came from the land of Llydaw and were descended from the common race of the Cymry. And they are called the Three Peace-Peoples, because they came one by the consent of the other in peace and tranquillity; and those three peoples were descended from the common nation of the Cymry — and a common tongue is the condition of the three peoples.

6. Three peoples of protection who came to the Isle of Britain, and in peace and as envoys of the nation of the Cymry they came, without weapon and without offence: First was the people of Celyddon in the North; second was the race of the Gaels, and they are in Scotland; third, the Men of Caledonia(?), who came in bare ships to the Isle of Wight when their land was drowned, and obtained from the nation of the Cymry land-holding — and they had no privilege of right in the Isle of Britain save the land and the protection that was given them under bounds, it being imposed upon them that the privilege of native Cymry could not be granted them until the end of the ninth generation.

7. Three oppressive peoples who came to the Isle of Britain and never went out of it: First, the Coranians, who came from the Land of the Pwyl; second, the Gaelic Picts, who came to Scotland over the sea of Llychlyn; third, the Saxons. The Coranians are around the Humber and the shore of the Misty Sea; and the Gaelic Picts are in Scotland, on the shore of the sea of Llychlyn. And the Coranians and the Saxons became one, and took the Real(?) of the Lloegrwys in accord with them by force and might upon them; and after that they took the crown of supremacy from the nation of the Cymry. And there are none of the Lloegrwys who have not become Saxons, save a few in Cornwall and in the commote of Carnoban in Deira and Bernicia. And the coeval people of the Cymry kept their land and their language — but lost the kingdom of the Isle of Britain, by reason of the treachery of the shelter-peoples and the spoil of the three peoples.

8. Three oppressive peoples who came to the Isle of Britain and went out of it: First, the Lochlannachs (Norsemen), and after they took from Eur Llyddog the best of the nation of the Cymry of this island — their number being sixty thousand and one thousand of men competent in horse and war — the Cymry drove the Lochlannachs through the sea to the land of Germany within the third age. Second was the host of the Irish Gentiles who came to Gwynedd and were there twenty-nine years, until they were driven to the sea by Caswallon son of Beli son of Mynogan. Third was the Caesars’ people, who were by force in this island more than four hundred years, then went to the land of Rome to oppose the levy of the Black Oppressor — and they never came back to the Isle of Britain; and from that time there remained in this island only women and little children under the age of a horse’s load, and those became Cymry.

9. Three treacherous oppressions of the Isle of Britain: First, the Red Gaels of Ireland, who came to Scotland; second, the Lochlannachs; and third, the Saxons — who came to this island in peace and as envoys of the nation of the Cymry, and in the protection of God and His truth, and in the protection of land and nation; and they committed offence of treachery and outrage upon the nation of the Cymry, and took from them as much of the wealth of the kingship of the Isle of Britain as they could, and joined one another’s cause in England and Scotland — where they have dwelling until this hour; and it was in the days of Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau that this was.

10. Three disappearances(?) of the Isle of Britain: First, Gafran son of Aeddan and his men, who went to sea in search of the Green Isles of the Ocean, and nothing more was heard of them. Second, Merddin the bard of Emrys Wledig and his nine accompanying bards, who went to sea in the Glass House, and there is no knowing where they went. Third, Madog son of Owain Gwynedd, who went to sea with three hundred men in ten ships, and it is not known where they went.

11. Three oppressions that came upon the Isle of Britain and came to an end: First, the Oppression of the Horse of Malaen, called the Oppression of May-eve; and the Oppression of the Dragon of Prydain; and the Oppression of the Magician Man — that is, the first from over sea; the second from the pride of land and nation under the press of spoil and conspiracy of kingship — and Dyfnwal Moelmud extinguished it by making a just ordinance on brother and co-brother, and on lord and sub-lord, and on country and overlordship; the third was in the time of Beli son of Manogan, and it was a treachery-meeting, and he extinguished it.

12. Three dire plagues of the Isle of Britain: First, the plague of the corpses of the Gaels who were slain in Manaw after they had oppressed for twenty-nine years the land of Gwynedd. Second, the plague of the Yellow Sickness from Rhos — and it was by reason of the corpses of the slain, and whoever went within their breath would fall dead instantly. And the third plague, the stinking Sweat, by reason of the corruption of the grain by wetness in the time of the oppression of the Normans under William the Bastard.

13. Three overwhelming calamities of the Isle of Britain: First, the bursting of Llyn Llion, and the going of a flood over the face of all the lands so that all the people were drowned save Dwyfan and Dwyfach, who escaped in a bare ship — and of them the Isle of Britain was repeopled. Second was the terror of the fire raging when the earth burst apart to Annwn and the greater part of all living things was destroyed. Third, the scorching Summer, when the woods and the plants went on fire from the fierceness of the summer heat, and many men and animals and kinds of birds and worms and trees and plants perished insatiably.

14. Three hosts that went out of the Isle of Britain: First, the one that went with Eur son of Erin Llyddog of Llychlyn — and he came to this island in the time of Cadial son of Erin to beg help of this island, under vow that he would take from every chief fortress only the number that should come with him to it; and none came with him to the first fortress save his own man and his servant Mathatta the Great — and from that one came two; and from the second fortress four; and from the third fortress it went to eight; and from the next, seventeen; and by that doubling from every other fortress, until from the last fortress they could not be numbered in the whole island. And with him there came sixty thousand and one thousand; and no more than that could be got for him in the whole island of men of service, since there were only children and old men left behind. And the completest host there ever was, was that of Eur son of Erin Llyddog; and it was in recklessness that the nation of the Cymry gave him that under inordinate vow, since from that the Coranians got room to bring oppression upon this island. And of those men not one of them came back, nor descendant nor offspring of theirs — they went on an expedition to Gorddwy as far as the sea of Greece(?), and there dwelling in the land of Gals and Avena until today, and became Greeks.

The second host was led by Caswallon son of Beli son of Manogan, and Gwenwynwyn and Gwanar sons of Lliaws son of Nwyfre, and Arianrod daughter of Beli their mother; and of Arllechwedd Caledonia and of Esgyllwg and of Cydweli(?); the nobles they were descended; and the number of those men was sixty thousand and one thousand. And they went with Caswallon their uncle after the Caesars’ people through the sea to the land of Gaulish Llydaw — natives of the Real of the Cymry; and not one of them nor their offspring came back to this island, but they dwelling in the Land of Gwasgwyn among the Caesars’ people, where they are until now; and in pursuit of vengeance for that expedition the Caesars’ people first came to this island.

The third host was led from this island by Elen Lyddog and Cynan her brother, lord of Meriadog(?), as far as Llydaw, where they obtained lands and wealth and kingship from the emperor Maxen Wledig for fighting against the men of Rome. And those men were descended from the land of Meriadog and the land of Seisyllwg and the land of Gŵyr and Gorwennydd; and not one of them came back, but they dwelling in Llydaw and in Ystrad Gyfaelwg(?) — dwelling there. And by reason of this expedition there was weakness and want of fighting men upon the nation of the Cymry, so that the Gaelic Picts became an oppression upon them; and for that reason Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau was compelled to call in Saxons to slay that oppression; and the Saxons, seeing the weakness of the Cymry, turned treacherous oppressors through the confederacy of the Gaelic Picts and the treacherous men with them, and took their lands from the Cymry, and took also from them their privilege and their crown. And these three hosts are called the Three Mighty Arrogances of the nation of the Cymry — and also the Three Silver Hosts, because they took from this island the gold and the silver as far as could be got by deceit or by treachery, as well as by right and will. And they are called the Three Senseless Hosts, because through them this island was so weakened that room was given thereby to the Three Mighty Oppressions — namely the Coranians, and the Caesars’ people, and the Saxons.

15. Three mighty oppressions of the Isle of Britain that confederated into one, and thereby became one oppression which took from the Cymry their privilege and their crown and their lands: the first, the Coranians, who confederated with the Caesars’ people so that they became one; and second of the three was the Caesars’ people; third was the Saxons, who confederated with the other two against the Cymry. And it was from God that this was, in vengeance for the three mighty arrogances of the nation of the Cymry, since they could not in righteousness be lifted up.

16. Three chief provinces of the nation of the Cymry: the Gwenhwyson, that is the men of Esgyllwg; the Gwyndodiaid, that is the men of Gwynedd and Powys; and the kindred of Pendaran Dyfed, that is the men of Dyfed and Gŵyr and Ceredigion — and the especial right of the Welsh tongue to each of them.

17. Three supreme heads of law in the Isle of Britain: one, Caswallon son of Lludd son of Beli son of Mynogan; second, Caradog son of Bran son of Llŷr Llediaith; third, Owain son of Maxen Wledig — that is, the supremacy was conferred on them by law of land and nation where they were not hereditary chiefs.

18. Three saintly households(?) of the Isle of Britain: the household of Bran the Blessed son of Llŷr Llediaith — that Bran who first brought the faith in Christ to this island from Rome, where he was imprisoned through the treachery of Aregwedd Foeddog daughter of Afarwy son of Lludd. Second, the household of Cunedda Wledig, who first gave land and privilege to God and the saints in the Isle of Britain. Third was Brychan Brycheiniog, who brought up his children and grandchildren in learning and gentility so that they could show the faith in Christ to the nation of the Cymry where they were without it.

19. Three blessed visitors(?) of the Isle of Britain: David, Padarn and Teilo — they were so called because they went as visitors to lords, commons and natives and serfs, taking neither gift nor reward, neither food nor drink, but teaching the faith in Christ to all without pay or thanks — no, to the poor and needy they gave gifts of their gold and silver, their clothing and their food.

20. Three treason-meetings of the Isle of Britain: the meeting of Afarwy son of Lludd and the treacherous men, who gave place for land to the men of Rome in the Isle of Britain in Pwyth Mein a Glas, and no more; and the end of that was that the men of Rome won the Isle of Britain. Second, the meeting of the best men of the Cymry and the earls-elect of the Saxons on the Mount of Caer Caradog, where the Treason of the Long Knives took place through the treason of Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau — for by his secret counsel with the Saxons nearly all the nobles of the Cymry were slain there. Third, the meeting of Medrawd and Iddog Corn Prydain and their men at Nanhwynain, where they wrought the treason of Arthur — and from that came strength to the Saxons in the Isle of Britain.

21. Three arch-traitors of the Isle of Britain: Afarwy son of Lludd son of Beli Mawr, who first invited Julius Caesar and the men of Rome to this island and wrought the oppression of the Romans — for he gave himself and his men as guides to the men of Rome and received from them a gift of gold and silver every year; and for that reason the men of this island were forced to pay three thousand of silver every year as tribute to the men of Rome until the time of Owain son of Maxen Wledig, who refused that tribute. And under the guise of contentment with that thing the men of Rome drew off the best men of the Isle of Britain, of whom fighting men were made, to the land of Arabia and far into other lands — and they never returned; and the men of Rome who were in the Isle of Britain went as far as Italy, until there was none of them left save women and little children behind; and thus the Britons were so weakened that they could not resist oppression for want of men and strength. Second was Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau — and he, after slaying Custennin the Blessed and taking the crown of the island by force and outrage, first invited the Saxons to this island as defenders to him, and married Rhonwen daughter of Hengist, and gave the crown of the island to the son he had by her, whose name was Gotta; and for that reason the kings of London are called the Children of Alis — that is, because of Gwrtheyrn the Cymry lost their lands and their privilege and their crown in England. Third was Medrawd son of Llew son of Cynfarch: when Arthur left the government of the Isle of Britain in deposit with him while he went against the emperor in Rome, then Medrawd took the crown from Arthur by force and guile; and to keep it he confederated with the Saxons, and for that reason the Cymry lost the crown of England and the kingship of the Isle of Britain.

22. Three secret treasons of the Isle of Britain: first, the betraying of Caradog son of Bran by Aregwedd Foeddog daughter of Afarwy son of Lludd, and his surrender into captivity to the Romans; and the betraying of Arthur by Iddog Corn Prydain, who betrayed his secret(?) ; and the betraying of the prince Llywelyn son of Gruffudd by Madog Min — and from those three treasons came complete defeat upon the nation of the Cymry, for only treason could defeat them.

23. Three valiant supreme heads of the Isle of Britain: Cynfelyn Wledig, and Caradog son of Bran, and Arthur — they were overcome only through treason and contrivance against their gallantry, since they could not be otherwise defeated.

24. Three chief sub-kings of the Isle of Britain: Caswallon son of Beli; Gweirydd son of Cynfelyn Wledig; and Caradog son of Bran son of Llŷr Llediaith.

25. Three noble kings of the Isle of Britain: Rhun son of Maelgwn; Owain son of Urien; and Rhufawn Befr son of Dewrath Wledig.

26. Three degenerate(?) kings of the Isle of Britain: Gwrfai son of Gwrien in the North; and Cadafael son of Cynfeddw in Gwynedd; and Hyfaidd Hir son of Bleiddan the saint in Morganwg — kingship was given them for their feats and their commendable and gracious gifts.

27. Three enslaved families of the Isle of Britain: the family of Caswallon Lawhir, and the family of Rhiwallon son of Urien, and the family of Belyn of Llŷn — they were so called because there was neither chief nor kingship over them as far as the privilege of their families and their substance could reach, even if it were sought within those bounds, save law of land and nation.

28. Three gold-chained men of the Isle of Britain: Rhiwallon Wallt Banhadlen, and Rhun son of Maelgwn, and Cadwaladr the Blessed — golden chains were given them to wear on their arms and knees and necks, and thereupon the privilege of kingship was given them in every land and substance in the Isle of Britain.

29. Three battle-horsemen of the kings of the Isle of Britain: Caradog Freichfras; Llŷr Lluyddog; and Mael son of Menwaed of Arllechwedd — and Arthur sang to them this englyn:

These are my three battle-horsemen, Mael the Tall and Llŷr Lluyddog, And Caradog, the pillar of Wales.

They were the best men of all on war-horses and in defence, and thereupon kingship was given them so that they might do what they would; and their quality was that they did nothing but what was orderly and just, whatever land and substance they entered.

30. Three liberal kings of the Isle of Britain: Rhydderch Hael son of Tudwal Tudclud; and Mordaf Hael son of Serfan; and Nudd Hael son of Senyllt — and their quality was that they would not turn away from anything in the world or of any kind for him who sought it, as long as they had it or could get it by gift or by loan or by asking; neither friend nor foe, neither kinsman nor stranger — whoever sought it.

31. Three crimson ones of the Isle of Britain: Arthur, Morgan Mwynfawr, and Rhun son of Beli — that is, when they went to war no one would stay at home for all that they asked; and there was neither war nor field that they did not win where there was no treason and contrivance. And for that it is proverbial: “Three men who make men wherever they go: Arthur, Morgan Mwynfawr and Rhun son of Beli — three men who make men wherever they are: the men of Arthur, the men of Morgan Mwynfawr and the men of Rhun son of Beli.”

32. Three ravagers(?) of the Isle of Britain: Gal Ofydd of Greidiawl(?), and Enfael son of Adran, and Tristan son of Tallwch — and their privilege was that they could not be refused wherever they would go in the Isle of Britain, until they went into conspiracy(?)…

33. Three swift ones of the warriors of the Isle of Britain: Grudneu, Henpen and Eidneu — and their quality was that they would not go from battle and war except on their biers, after they could move neither finger nor tongue.

34. Three consolidated supreme heads of the Isle of Britain: first, Prydain son of Aedd Mawr, when orderly kingship was given over the Isle of Britain and its appurtenances; second, Caradog son of Bran, when the under-kingship of the whole Isle of Britain was conferred on him to repel the invasion of the men of Rome; and Owain son of Maxen Wledig, when the Cymry received the kingship in the privilege of their own nation from the emperor of Rome — they are called the Three Consolidated Supreme Heads because they were thus privileged by the consolidation of country and over-country under all the bounds of the nation of the Cymry, and maintained consolidation in every substance and commote and cantref in the Isle of Britain and its appurtenances.

35. Three perfected kings of the Isle of Britain: Bran the Blessed son of Llŷr Llediaith, who first brought the faith in Christ to the nation of the Cymry from Rome, where he was seven years a hostage; his son Caradog, whom the men of Rome carried into captivity after he was betrayed by the magic and deceit and contrivance of Aregwedd Foeddog. Second, Lleirwg son of Coel son of Cyllin the saint, called Lleufer Mawr, who made the first church in Llandaff — which was the first in the Isle of Britain — and gave the privilege of land and nation and brother and covenant upon all who should be of the faith in Christ. Third, Cadwaladr the Blessed, who gave protection of his lands and all his own wealth to the faithful who fled from the faithless Saxons and the “Ammrodorion”(?) who sought to kill them.

36. Three perfect(?) kings of the Isle of Britain: Prydain son of Aedd Mawr; and Dyfnwal Moelmud; and Bran son of Llŷr Llediaith — the best order theirs, their order upon the kingship of the Isle of Britain until they are judged supremely above all other orders that were made in the whole Isle of Britain.

37. Three overcome-by-fate(?) kings of the Isle of Britain: Ceraint, the drunken king of Esgyllwg, who in his drunkenness burned all the grain far and near to the border of the country — and for that, a famine of bread came. Second, Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau, who in his infatuation gave the Isle of Thanet to Horsa for leave to sleep with Rhonwen his daughter; and he also gave right to the son born of that upon the crown of England — and with that, treason and contrivance against the nation of the Cymry. Third, Seithynyn the drunkard son of Seithyn Saidi, king of Dyfed, who in his infatuation let the sea over Cantre’r Gwaelod, so that as much was lost of houses and land as was there — in that place there were found sixteen chief towns, the best of all the towns and cities of Wales save Caerleon on Usk. And the substance of Gwyddno Garanhir, king of Ceredigion, was Cantre’r Gwaelod; and in the time of Emrys Wledig that befell; and the men who escaped from that flood settled in Ardudwy, the land of Arfon, the mountains of Eryri, and other places that were not inhabited before that.

38. Three humbled supreme heads of the Isle of Britain: Manawydan son of Llŷr Llediaith, after the captivity of the family of Bran son of Llŷr his brother; and Llywarch Hen son of Elidir Lydanwyn; and Gwgawn Gwron son of Eleufer Gosgorddfawr — and all three were sons of bards, and they could not get substance and kingship after they took to song, although none could forbid it to them; for that reason they were called the Three Humbled Supreme Heads of the Isle of Britain.

39. Three supreme heads of Deira and Bernicia: Gall son of Dyfgfeddog, and Diffedel son of Dyfgfeddog, and Ysgafnell son of Dyfgfeddog — and all three were sons of bards; and after they took to song the supreme headship of Deira and Bernicia was given them.

40. Three bloody-speared bards of the Isle of Britain: Tristfardd, bard of Urien Rheged; Dygynnelw, bard of Owain son of Urien; and Afan Ferddig, bard of Cadwallon son of Cadfan — and all three were sons of bards, and could not be gainsaid.

41. Three provokers(?) of the Isle of Britain: Caradog son of Bran son of Llŷr Llediaith; and Cawrdaf son of Caradog Freichfras; and Owain son of Maxen Wledig — they were so called because all the men of the Isle of Britain, from king to vassal, went of their own goodwill as their men under the law of the land against the onset of war and outrage; and when these three men went to war there was no one of the men of the Isle of Britain who did not go in their war-bands, and none thought of staying at home. And they were sons of bards three.

42. Three fettered kings of the Isle of Britain: Morgan Mwynfawr of Morganwg; Elystan Glodrydd between Wye and Severn; and Gwaithfoed king of Ceredigion — they were so called because they wore chains in all they did as chief kings of the Isle of Britain, and not diadems, that is crowns.

43. Three diademed kings of the Isle of Britain: Cadell king of Dinefwr; Anarawd king of Aberffraw; and Merfyn king of Mathrafal — they are called the Three Diademed Princes.

44. Three usurper(?) kings of the Isle of Britain: Gwrddyled Gawr, and Morien Farfog, and Custennin the Blessed.

45. Three arch-traitors who were the cause that the Saxons took the crown of the Isle of Britain from the Cymry: one was Gwrgi Garwlwyd — and he, having got a taste for the flesh of men in the court of Æthelflæd king of the Saxons, and loving it so much that he would eat nothing but human flesh ever after, for that reason confederated with his men to Æthelflæd king of the Saxons; and he would make treacherous slaughter upon the nation of the Cymry and would carry off male and female, the young ones, as many as he would eat daily; and all the treacherous men of the nation of the Cymry resorted to him and the Saxons, where they got hardly the spoil of their country to be taken from the natives of this island. Second was Medrawd, who gave himself and his men as one with the Saxons to strengthen the kingship for himself against Arthur; and for that reason of treason very many of the Lloegrwys became Saxons. Third was Aeddan the Traitor of the North, who gave himself and his men under the bounds of his substance to the Saxons, so that they could maintain themselves in plunder and spoil under the protection of the Saxons. And by reason of these three arch-traitors the Cymry lost their land and their crown in England; and had those treasons not been, the Saxons could not have won the island from the Cymry.

46. Three men of bards who wrought the three good(?) slaughters of the Isle of Britain: first, Gall son of Dyfgfeddog, who slew the two birds of Llychlyn(?), Gwenddoleu son of Ceidio — that is, a yoke of gold was on them(?), and two corpses of the Cymry would gather daily on their loins and two on their necks(?). Second, Ysgafnell son of Dyfgfeddog, who slew Æthelflæd king of England — and he would require every night two lawful maids of the nation of the Cymry, and would work evil upon them, and next day would slay them and strangle them. Third was Diffedel son of Dyfgfeddog, who slew Gwrgi Garwlwyd — he was husband and brother of Æthelflæd(?), and made treason and slaughter in concert with Æthelflæd upon the nation of the Cymry; and that Gwrgi would slay the corpse of a Welshman and a Welshwoman every day and strangle them — and on a Saturday he would slay two corpses, of a son and two of a daughter, to avoid slaying on the Sunday. And sons of bards three were these three men who wrought the three good slaughters.

47. Three wrongful slaughters of the Isle of Britain: Eiddyn son of Einygan, who slew Aneurin Gwawdrydd, chief of bards; and Llawgad Trwm Bargawd, who slew Afon son of Taliesin; and Llofan Lawddino, who slew Urien son of Cynfarch — they were sons of bards three who were slain by those three men.

48. Three wrongful axe-blows of the Isle of Britain: the axe-blow of Eiddyn son of Einygan on the head of Aneurin Gwawdrydd; and the axe-blow Cadafael Wyllt dealt on the head of Iago son of Beli; and the axe-blow dealt on the head of Golyddan the bard, for the stab-blow he dealt to Cadwaladr the Blessed.

49. Three dire stab-blows of the Isle of Britain: the stab-blow of Matholwch the Irishman upon Bronwen daughter of Llŷr; and the stab-blow Gwenhwyfach dealt to Gwenhwyfar, which caused the battle of Camlan; and the stab-blow of Golyddan the bard upon Cadwaladr the Blessed.

50. Three futile battles of the Isle of Britain: first was the battle of Goddeu, on account of a bitch and a roebuck and a lapwing — and in that battle sixty thousand men and eleven score saints(?) were slain. Second was the work of Arderydd, and a bird’s nest was the cause of it, where eighty thousand men of the nation of the Cymry were slain. Third was the battle of Camlan between Arthur and Medrawd, where Arthur was slain and with him a hundred thousand men of the best of the nation of the Cymry. And by reason of the three futile battles the Saxons won the land of England from the nation of the Cymry — for there were no fighting men who could withstand the Saxons, by reason of the treason of Gwrgi Garwlwyd and the enchantment of Eiddilig the Dwarf.

51. Three wrongful counsels of the Isle of Britain: first, giving place to Julius Caesar and the men of Rome before the fore-feet of their horses in Pwyth Min y Glas in the Isle of Thanet — for thereby the Caesars’ people got room to conquer the Isle of Britain and to confederate with the treason of Afarwy son of Lludd; that leave was given to the Caesars’ people because the nation of the Cymry was too slack to defend their country save by strength of arms and valour and courage of country, where it was not known in the world of the treason-meeting of Afarwy son of Lludd with the men of Rome. The second wrongful counsel was leaving Horsa and Hengist and Rhonwen in the Isle of Britain after they had been driven over sea to the land from which they came. And the third was allowing Arthur to divide his men with Medrawd three times in the battle of Camlan — and thereby Arthur lost the field and his life, where Medrawd was one with the Saxons.

52. Three cruel ravages of the Isle of Britain: first, when Medrawd went to Celliwig he left in the court neither food nor drink that would sustain a fly, but consumed and destroyed it all, and dragged Gwenhwyfar from her royal chair and wrought dishonour upon her. Second was when Arthur went to the court of Medrawd, and there left neither food nor drink but destroyed it, and slew everything living in the cantref, both man and beast. Third, when Aeddan the Traitor went to the court of Rhydderch Hael, he destroyed all the food and drink in the court without leaving what would sustain a mouse, and left alive neither man nor beast but destroyed the whole. And those are called the Three Cruel Ravages, because upon the nation of the Cymry by law and custom there was bound answering and doing right for what was done in that wrongful and uncustomary and lawless manner.

53. Three concealments and disclosures of the Isle of Britain: first, the Head of Bendigeidfran son of Llŷr, which Owain son of Maxen Wledig buried in the Gwynfryn in London — and while it was in that condition no oppression came to this island. Second was the Bones of Gwrthefyr the Blessed, which were buried in the chief ports of the island — and while they were there no oppression could come to this island. Third was the dragons which Lludd son of Beli hid in Dinas Emrys(?) in the rocks of Eryri. From these three concealments was given the protection of God and His mysteries; and a worse misfortune to him who disclosed them. Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau disclosed the dragons, in vengeance for the Cymry’s displeasure toward him, and invited the Saxons in the guise of auxiliary men to fight the Gaelic Picts; and after that he disclosed the Bones of Gwrthefyr the Blessed, for love of Rhonwen daughter of Hengist the Saxon. And Arthur disclosed the Head of Bendigeidfran son of Llŷr, because it seemed a little thing to him to keep the island save by his own strength; and after the three disclosures Oppression got the better of the nation of the Cymry.

54. Three mighty undertakings of the Isle of Britain: Hu Gadarn bringing the nation of the Cymry from the Land of Summer, called Deffrobani, to the Isle of Britain; and Prydain son of Aedd Mawr imposing a law of the land upon the Isle of Britain; and Rhitta Gawr, who made himself a mantle of the beards of kings which he shaved off for their oppression and their outrage.

55. Three main benefactors of the Isle of Britain: Prydain son of Aedd Mawr, in overcoming the dragon Oppression — which was an oppression of plunder and outrage and famine(?) in the Isle of Britain; and Caradog son of Bran son of Llŷr, in overcoming the oppression of the Caesars’ people; and Rhitta Gawr, in overcoming the oppression and plunder of the disorderly kings.

56. Three forefathers of the nation of the Cymry: first Hu Gadarn, who first showed the nation of the Cymry the way to till land, when they were in the Land of Summer — that is, the place where Constantinople now is — before their coming to the Isle of Britain; and Coll son of Collfrewi, who first brought wheat and barley to the Isle of Britain, where there was only oats and rye before that; and Elldud the holy knight of Cor Tewdws, who bettered the manner of tilling land and taught the nation of the Cymry better than was known before, and gave them the order and craft of tilling land that now is — for before the time of Elldud land was not measured save with a spade and a ploughshare in the manner of the Gaels.

57. Three founders(?) of the nation of the Cymry: Hu Gadarn, who made the first community and retinue upon the nation of the Cymry; and Dyfnwal Moelmud, who first made ordinance upon laws and privileges and customs of land and nation; and Tydain Tad Awen, who first made order and ordinance upon the memorial and keeping of song(?) and its appurtenances — and from that order were devised the privileges and orderly customs upon the bards and bardism of the Isle of Britain first.

58. Three primitive bards of the Isle of Britain: Plennydd, Alawn and Gwron — these were they who devised the privileges and customs that are upon bards and bardism; and for that they are called the three primitive bards. But there were bards and bardism before that, and no orderly tradition upon them, and they had neither privileges nor customs save what was got by compulsion and pride under the protection of land and nation before the time of these three. And some say they were in the time of Prydain son of Aedd Mawr; and others say they were in the time of Dyfnwal Moelmud his son; and in some of the old books he is called Dyfnarth son of Prydain.

59. Three good kings of the Isle of Britain: Prydain son of Aedd Mawr, who made the ordinance of native right of land and nation and ordinance upon land and over-land first in the Isle of Britain; and Dyfnwal Moelmud, who made improvement and increase upon the laws and rights and privileges and customs of the nation of the Cymry, so that it was right and just for all in the Isle of Britain to be under the protection of God and His peace and under the protection of land and nation; and Hywel Dda son of Cadell son of Rhodri Mawr, king of all Wales, who made improvement upon the laws of the Isle of Britain as the occasions and exigencies that befell the nation of the Cymry required — lest there should be unjust loss, and lest what was good should not have its place and its condition and its work in the ordinance of land and nation. And above all lawgivers were those three men.

60. Three strong(?) men of the Isle of Britain: Gwrnerth Ergydlym, who slew the greatest bear ever seen with a wood-straw arrow(?) ; and Gwgawn Lawgadarn, who rolled the stone of Maenarch from the glen to the top of the mountain — and it needed not less than sixty oxen to draw it; and Eidiol the Strong, who slew of the Saxons at the rout of Caerfaddog(?) six hundred and sixty with a hazel staff from the going down of the sun until dark.

61. Three families of kings who were carried into captivity from the eldest to the youngest, without one of them escaping: first, the family of Llŷr Llediaith, who were carried captive to Rome by the Caesars’ people; second, the family of Madog son of Medron, who were captive with the Gaelic Picts in Scotland; third, the family of Gair son of Geirion, lord of Geirionydd, by law of land and nation in the prison of Oeth and Anoeth — and not one or other of them escaped; and the completest imprisonment ever known was upon these families.

62. Three archbishoprics of the Isle of Britain: first, Llandaff, by the gift of Lleurwg son of Coel son of Cyllin — he it was who first gave lands and the privilege of the land to those who first joined the faith in Christ. Second, Caer Efrog (York), by the gift of Custennin the emperor — he it was who first of the emperors in Rome joined the faith in Christ. Third, London, by the gift of the emperor Maxen Wledig. And after that there were Caerleon on Usk, and Celliwig in Cornwall, and Caer Rianedd(?) in the North. And now there are Mynyw, and Caer Efrog, and Caer Gaint (Canterbury).

63. Three chief seats of the Isle of Britain: first, London; second, Caerleon on Usk; and third, Caer Efrog.

64. Three tribe-thrones(?) of the Isle of Britain: one, Caerleon on Usk — and there Arthur was over-ruler, and St David son of Cunedda Wledig(?) chief bishop, and Maelgwn Gwynedd chief elder. Second, Celliwig in Cornwall — and there Arthur was over-ruler, and Bedwini chief bishop, and Caradog Freichfras chief elder. And the third, Penrhyn Rhionydd in the North — and there Arthur was over-ruler, and Cyndeyrn Garthwys chief bishop, and Gwrthmwl Wledig chief elder.

65. Three privileged ports of the Isle of Britain: Porth Ysgewin in Gwent; Porth Wygyr in Anglesey; and Porth Wyddno in Ceredigion.

66. Three chief rivers of the Isle of Britain: the Severn in Wales; the Thames in England; and the Humber in Deira and Bernicia.

67. Three near islands(?) of the Isle of Britain: Orkney, Manaw and Wight; and after that the sea broke the land so that Anglesey became an island; and in like manner Orkney was broken so that many islands came to be there — and other parts of Scotland and the land of Wales became islands.

68. Three fleet-owners of the Isle of Britain: Geraint son of Erbin; Gwenwynwyn son of Naf; and March son of Meirchion — one hundred and sixty ships to each of the fleet-owners, and one hundred and sixty shipmen in every ship.

69. Three battle-diademed men of the Isle of Britain: Tristan son of Tallwch; Huail son of Caw of Prydyn, lord of Cwm Cawlwyd; and Cai son of Cynyr Cainfarfog — and there was one diademed man over the three: that was Bedwyr son of Pedrog.

70. Three men of quality(?) of the Isle of Britain: Gwalchmai son of Gwyar; and Llecheu son of Arthur; and Rhiwallon Wallt Banhadlen — and there was none who knew their substance and their quality, whether of kind or part, whether of condition or wholeness, whether of nature or of accident it might be.

71. Three pillars of battle of the Isle of Britain: Dunawd Fwr son of Pabo Post Prydain; Gwallog son of Lleenog; and Cynfelyn Drwsgl — for they could order battle and under-kingship the best of all that ever were.

72. Three battle-bulls of the Isle of Britain: Cynfar Cadgadwg son of Cynwyd Cynwydion; and Gwenddoleu son of Ceidio; and Urien son of Cynfarch — for they would rush upon their enemies like bulls, and none could withstand them.

73. Three supreme-head bulls of the Isle of Britain: Elmur son of Cibddar; and Cynhafal son of Argad; and Afon son of Taliesin, chief of bards — and bards were those three, and there was none who feared them in battle and strife, but they would rush into them and fear no slaughter.

74. Three arrogant ones of the Isle of Britain: Sawyl Benuchel; Pasgen son of Urien; and Rhun son of Einion — and their arrogance was the most arrogant of all arrogant men, and for that reason they brought outrage upon the Isle of Britain; and that outrage acceded to the Saxons, and in the end they became Saxons.

75. Three crippled(?) ones of the Isle of Britain: Rhineri son of Tangwn; and Thinwaed Faglog; and Pryderi son of Dolor of Deira and Bernicia.

76. Three battle-fated ones of the Isle of Britain: Selyf son of Cynan Garwyn; and Afon son of Taliesin; and Gwallog son of Lleenog — they were called battle-fated because the avenging of their wrong ended at their graves(?)…

77. Three golden corpses of the Isle of Britain: Madog son of Brwyn; Ceugant Beilliog; and Rhufawn Befr son of Gwyddno Garanhir — they were so called because their weight in gold was given for them from the hands of their slayers.

78. Three stubborn(?) ones of the Isle of Britain: Eiddilig the Dwarf; and Tristan son of Tallwch; and Gweirwerydd Fawr — and there was none who could turn them from their purposes.

79. Three noble war-bands of the Isle of Britain: the war-band of Belyn son of Cynfelyn at the battle of Caradog son of Bran; and the war-band of Mynyddog Eiddin at Cattras; and the war-band of Drywon son of Nudd Hael in Rhodwydd Arderydd in the North — for all went in those hosts at their own charges without awaiting summons and without asking pay or reward from land or king; and for that reason they were called the three noble war-bands.

80. Three faithful families of the Isle of Britain: the family of Cadwallon son of Cadfan, who were with him seven years in Ireland, and in that time asked neither pay nor compensation in the world lest they be compelled to leave him — and he could not give them the compensation they merited. Second, the family of Gafran son of Aeddan at the Disappearance, who went to sea over their lord. Third, the family of Gwenddoleu son of Ceidio, who kept up the battle for six weeks and forty days after their lord was slain; and they would not go from battle and strife until they avenged his man-slaying. And the number of each of those families was twenty-one hundred valiant men; and so great was their valour that they could not be overcome.

81. Three faithless families of the Isle of Britain: the family of Goronwy Befr of Penllyn, who refused their lord from the presence of the poisoners(?) by Llew Law Gyffes at Llech Oronwy in Blaen Cynfel in Ardudwy; and the family of Gwrgi and Peredur, who left their lord in Caer Greu at the time of fighting they had next day with Edaf Glin Mawr — and those two were slain. Third was the family of Alan Fyrgan, who turned back from their lord in stealth on the way, and let him and his men go to Camlan where they were slain.

82. Three things that were the cause of the conquest of England and its taking from the Cymry: admitting foreigners, releasing prisoners, and the gift of the Bare Man(?).

83. Three men who escaped from the battle of Camlan: Morfran son of Tegid, by reason of his ugliness — for everyone supposed he was a devil out of hell, and fled from him; Sandde Bryd Angel, by reason of his beauty and his splendour and his fairness — no one raised a hand against him, supposing he was an angel from heaven; and Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr, by reason of his size and his strength — none would stand before him, and all fled from him. That is, save those three men, none escaped from the battle of Camlan.

84. Three chief spiritual enclosures(?) of the Isle of Britain: Bangor Illtud Farchog in Caer Worgorn; Cor Emrys in Caer Caradog; and Bangor Wydrin in the Isle of Avallach — and in each of those three Bangors there were twenty-four hundred saints(?), a hundred for every hour of the day and night in turn keeping praise and service of God without rest, without interval.

85. Three herd-masters of the retinues of the Isle of Britain: Bennren Buelydd in Gorwennydd, who kept the herd of Caradog son of Bran and his retinue — and in that herd were twenty thousand and one in milch cattle. Second, Gwydion son of Don, who kept the retinue cattle of Gwynedd above Conwy — and in that herd were twenty thousand and one. Third, Llawfrodedd Farfog, who kept the cattle of Nudd Hael son of Senyllt — and in that herd were twenty thousand and one in milch cattle.

86. Three fleets of free men of the Isle of Britain: the fleet of Llawr son of Eidir; and the fleet of Difwg son of Alban; and the fleet of Dolor son of Mwrchath, king of Manaw.

87. Three chief cities of the Isle of Britain: Caerleon on Usk in Wales; Caer London in England; and Caer Efrog in Deira and Bernicia.

88. Three mighty labours of the Isle of Britain: raising the stone of Cetti; building the Work of Emrys; and piling up the heap of Cyfrangon.

89. Three fortunate(?) astronomers of the Isle of Britain: Idris the Giant; and Gwydion son of Don; and Gwyn son of Nudd — and by reason of their knowledge of the stars and their natures and their conditions they could predict what might be wished to be known until doomsday.

90. Three men of magic and enchantment of the Isle of Britain: Math son of Mathonwy — and he taught his magic to Gwydion son of Don; and Menyw son of Teirgwaedd, who taught his magic to Uthyr Bendragon; and Rhuddlwm Gawr — and he learned his magic from Eiddilig the Dwarf and Coll son of Collfrewi.

91. Three beneficent artisans(?) of the Isle of Britain: Corfinwr the bard of Ceri Hir Lyngwyn, who made the first ship, sail and rudder for the nation of the Cymry; Morddal Gwr Gweilgi, the mason of Ceraint son of Greidiawl, who taught the craft of stone and lime first to the nation of the Cymry in the time when Alexander the emperor was bringing the world under him; and Coel son of Cyllin son of Caradog son of Bran, who made the first mill, wheel and wheel-nave for the nation of the Cymry — and sons of bards were they.

92. Three men of quality of the art and possession of the nation of the Cymry: Gwyddon Ganhebon, who first made the art of poetry in the world; and Hu Gadarn, who first set upon the art of poetry the keeping of memory and possession; and Tydain Tad Awen, who first set craftsmanship upon the art of poetry and ordinance upon possession — and from what those three men did, bards and bardism came to be established in ordinance of privilege and custom, by the three primitive bards, namely Plennydd and Alawn and Gwron.

93. Three men of refuge(?) of the Isle of Britain: Tydain Tad Awen; Menyw Hen; and Gwrhir the bard of Teilo in Llandaff — and sons of bards were they.

94. Three spectre-bulls(?) of the Isle of Britain: the spectre of Gwidawl; and the spectre of Llŷr Merini; and the spectre of Gwrthmwl Wledig.

95. Three spectre-woods(?) of the Isle of Britain: the spectre of Bannog; and the spectre of Melan; and the spectre of Ednyfedog Drythyll.

96. Three mermaids(?) of the Isle of Britain: Llewei daughter of Seithwedd Saidi; and Mederai Badellfawr; and Rhorci Fawr daughter of Usher Galed.

97. Three chief works of the Isle of Britain: the ship of Nefydd Naf Neifion, which carried in it male and female of every living thing when Llyn Llion burst; and the twin oxen of Hu Gadarn, which dragged the afanc of the lake to land — and the lake has never burst since; and the stones of Gwyddon Ganhebon, on which all the arts and knowledge of the world were read.

98. Three fortunate(?) men of the Isle of Britain: Cadog son of Gwynllyw in Llangarfan; Madog Morfryn in Cor Illtud; and Deiniol Wyn in Gwynedd — sons of bards were they.

99. Three retinue-shepherds of the Isle of Britain: Colwyn, shepherd of the retinue of Bran son of Llŷr Llediaith in Morganwg; Pybydd Moel, shepherd of the retinue of Tegerin Llwyth Llwydiarth in Anglesey; and Gwefyn, shepherd of the retinue of Goronwy son of Ednywain, king of Tegeingl in Rhufoniog — and from his name is called the sheep-hook “gwefyn”. The number that each of those three men kept was a hundred and sixty thousand, and under each of them three hundred sons of vassals in the protection of the nation of the Cymry.

100. Three men to whom it was given that they and their offspring should be under shame and servitude as long as the world lasts, and nothing can be claimed for them save the privilege of sons of vassals: first, Afarwy son of Lludd, who first invited the Romans to this island in the war-band of Julius Caesar their emperor, and gave them earth in the Isle of Thanet. Second was Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau, who first invited the Saxons to this island as his guides-in-chief in his over-kingship, and gave them land in the Isle of Thanet — and it was unlawful in this island that anyone should give land and earth to a foreigner; and he wedded Rhonwen daughter of Horsa; and to the son he had by her, whose name was Gotta son of Gwrtheyrn, he gave, contrary to right, the supremacy of the Isle of Britain — and for that reason the Cymry lost the supremacy of the Isle of Britain. Third was Medrawd son of Llew son of Cynfarch, who got the kingship of the Isle of Britain in deposit while Arthur was resisting the men of Rome beyond Mynydd Mynu(?) when they would return as an oppression to this island — and there the best of Arthur’s men were slain; and when Medrawd heard of it he confederated with the Saxons and waged the battle of Camlan, where Arthur and his men were slain save three — and for that the Saxons went as conquerors upon the kingship of the Isle of Britain, and slew and destroyed of the nation of the Cymry everyone who would not go with them, and none remained save the peoples of the land of Cymru who withstood the oppression of the Saxons. And the men of Rome confirmed privilege and lands to the Saxons in the Isle of Britain, as if the one oppressing nation were wedding the other — for the men of Rome had gone from them in the manner in which fire burns the house of its owner on the coming of the Black Oppression upon them.

101. Three valiant swineherds of the Isle of Britain: first was Pryderi son of Pwyll Pendaran Dyfed, who kept his father’s swine while he was in Annwn — and in Glyn Cwch in Emlyn he kept them. Second, Coll son of Collfrewi, who kept Hwch Dallwaran Dalben, which came in a drive as far as Penrhyn Penwedic in Cornwall — and then went into the sea, and the place where she came to land was Abertarogi in Gwent Isgoed. And Coll son of Collfrewi had his hand on her bristles wherever she went, whether on sea or on land; and in Maes Gwenith in Gwent she dropped three grains of wheat and three bees — and for that the best wheat and honey in Wales is in Gwent. And from Gwent she went to Dyfed, and dropped a barley-grain and a porker — and for that the best barley and swine are in Dyfed; and in Llonion Llonwen she dropped these. After that she went to Arfon, and in Llŷn she dropped a grain of rye — and for that the best rye is in Llŷn and Eifionydd. And beside Rhiwgyferthwch she dropped a wolf’s cub and an eagle’s chick; and the eagle Coll gave to Brynach Wyddel of Dinas Affaraon, and the wolf he gave to Menwaed, lord of Arllechwedd — and many a ballad is told of the Wolf of Brynach and the Eagle of Menwaed. And from there she went to the Maen Du in Arfon, where she dropped a kitten — and Coll son of Collfrewi cast it into the Menai; and that was the Balwg Cat, which was afterwards an oppression of the Isle of Anglesey. Third, Tristan son of Tallwch, who kept the swine of March son of Meirchion while the swineherd went on an errand to Essyllt to ask a tryst of her — and Arthur and Marchell and Cai and Bedwyr, all four, were at stalking and raiding, and could not get so much as one pigling, neither by gift nor by purchase, nor by guile nor by force nor by stealth. They were called the valiant swineherds because neither gain nor victory could be got over them in respect of the swine they kept, but they would restore them at their full increase to those who owned them.

102. Three lovers of the Isle of Britain: first, Caswallon son of Beli for Fflur daughter of Mugnach the Dwarf — and he went in quest of her as far as the Land of Gwasgwyn against the men of Rome, and took her away and slew six thousand of the Caesars’ people; and in vengeance for that slaughter the men of Rome came to the Isle of Britain. Second was Tristan son of Tallwch for Essyllt daughter of March son of Meirchion his uncle. Third, Cynon for Morfudd daughter of Urien Rheged.

103. Three chaste maidens of the Isle of Britain: Trywyl daughter of Llynghesog Law Hael; Gwenfron daughter of Tudwal Tudclud; and Tegau Eurfron — she was one of the three fair ladies of Arthur’s court.

104. Three chaste wives of the Isle of Britain: Arddun wife of Catgor son of Collwyn; Efiliu wife of Gwydyr Drwm; and Emerchred wife of Mabon son of Dewein Hen.

105. Three unchaste wives of the Isle of Britain — they were three daughters of Culfanawyd Prydain: one, Essyllt Fyngwen, the mistress of Tristan son of Tallwch; second, Penarwen wife of Owain son of Urien; third, Bun wife of Fflamddwyn.

106. Three comely damsels of the Isle of Britain: Angharad Tonfelen daughter of Rhydderch Hael; Annan daughter of Maig Mygedwas; and Perwyr daughter of Rhun Ryfeddawr.

107. Three fair damsels of the Isle of Britain: Gwenn daughter of Cywryd son of Crydon; Creirwy daughter of Ceridwen; and Arianrhod daughter of Don.

108. Three fair damsels of Arthur’s court: Dyfr of golden hair; Enid daughter of Earl Yniwl; and Tegau Eurfron — they were the three splendid damsels of Arthur’s court.

109. The three wives of Arthur — they were his three chief ladies: namely Gwenhwyfar daughter of Gwythyr son of Greidiawl; and Gwenhwyfar daughter of Gawrwyd Ceint; and Gwenhwyfar daughter of Ogyrfan Gawr.

110. Three chief mistresses of Arthur: one, Garwen daughter of Henyn, lord of Gŵyr and Ystrad Tywi; and Gwyl daughter of Eutaw of Caer Worgorn; and Indeg daughter of Afarwy Hir of Maelienydd.

111. Three chief courts of Arthur: Caerleon on Usk in Wales; Celliwig in Cornwall; and Penrhyn Rhionydd in the North — and in those three were kept the three special festivals, namely Christmas, Easter and Whitsun.

112. Three free(?) holders of Arthur’s court: Llywarch Hen son of Elidir Lydanwyn; and Llemenic; and Heiddyn Hir — they were sons of bards.

113. Three far-ranking(?) men of Arthur’s court: Dalldaf son of Cynin Cof; and Tristan son of March son of Meirchion; and Rhyhawd son of Morgant son of Adras.

114. Three supreme heads of Arthur’s court: Goronwy son of Echel Forddwydtwll; and Cadraith son of Porthor Godo; and Fleidwr Fflam son of Godo — they were princes in possession of land and substance, and it was better with them than that to remain as knights in Arthur’s court, since that was adjudged the highest of all honour and gentility that could be, next to the word of the Three Just Knights.

115. Three golden-tongued knights of Arthur’s court: Gwalchmai son of Gwyar; and Drudwas son of Tryffin son of Madog son of Uthur — the wisest of all the wise of their time they were, and so fair and gentle was their demeanour and so fluent and fine their whole discourse that none could refuse them what they asked.

116. Three counsel-wise knights of Arthur’s court: Cynon son of Clydno Eiddin; and Arawn son of Cynfarch; and Llywarch Hen son of Elidir Lydanwyn — and there was nothing but the success of every counsel made by them, and failure was found wherever their counsels were not followed.

117. Three right-minded knights of Arthur’s court: Blas son of the prince of Llychlyn; and Cadog son of Gwynllyw the warrior; and Padrocl Paladrddellt son of the king of India — the qualities of those three were to defend every weakling and defenceless one, and widows and virgins, and all who gave themselves to the protection of God and His peace, and every poor and weak and stranger, and to deliver them from violence and wrong and oppression: Blas through the law of the world; and Padrocl through the law of arms; and Cadog through the law of the church and the laws of God. And they did nothing of reverence or of fear, of love or of hate, of favour or of guile, of wrath or of mercy in the world, save what was right and just according to the law of God and the condition of goodness and the demands of righteousness.

118. Three royal knights of Arthur’s court: Morgan Mwynfawr son of Adras; and Medrawd son of Llew son of Cynfarch; and Hywel son of Emyr Llydaw — their quality was that their discourse was so pleasant and gentle and fair that it was hard for any man in the world to refuse and deny them what they asked.

119. Three lover-knights of Arthur’s court, best toward woe and almsgiving, and most liberal of their gifts and their aid: Gwalchmai son of Gwyar; and Garwy son of Geraint son of Erbin; and Cadeir son of Seithin Saidi — and none could refuse them what they asked for their loved ones; and so great was their love toward every man that they got nothing but what love sought from one who truly loved.

120. Three ungentle(?) knights of Arthur’s court: Eithew son of Gwrgawn; and Coleddog son of Gwynn; and Geraint Hir son of Cymmannon Hen — they were common men, of the sons of vassals; but equal were their word and their qualities in gentleness and fluency and gentleness of spirit and wisdom and valour and justice and mercy and all feats and praiseworthy knowledge, in peace and in war — so that nothing became them save Arthur’s court, and its privileges and its freedom.

121. Three knights of Arthur’s court who kept the Grail: Cadog son of Gwynllyw; and Illtud the knight and saint; and Peredur son of Efrog.

122. Three chaste knights of Arthur’s court: Cadog son of Gwynllyw; and Illtud the knight; and Bwrt son of Bwrt king of Llychlyn — for not one of them ever committed carnal sin, and they sought neither concourse nor company with women, but lived as virgins and by the law of God and the faith in Christ.

123. Three lazy bards of the Isle of Britain: one, Arthur; second, Cadwallon son of Cadfan; third, Rhyhawd son of Morgant of Morganwg.

124. Three golden(?) wanderers of the Isle of Britain: Caswallon son of Beli — when he went to the Land of Gwasgwyn in quest of Fflur daughter of Mugnach the Dwarf, and was carried by guile there to Caesar the emperor, by him who was called Mwrchan the Thief, king of that land, for love of Julius Caesar, and Caswallon brought her back to the Isle of Britain. Second, Manawydan son of Llŷr Llediaith — when he was as far as Dyfed laying enchantments(?). And Llew Law Gyffes — when he was with Gwydion son of Don seeking a name and arms from Arianrhod his mother.

125. Three chief bards of baptism(?) of the Isle of Britain: Merddin Emrys; Taliesin, chief of bards; and Merddin son of Madog Morfryn.

126. Three kings’ diadems that Rhodri Mawr set in Wales: one, Dinefwr; second, Aberffraw; third, Mathrafal — and a diademed prince in each of the three diadems; and the eldest in age of the three princes, whichever he might be of them, was head of kingship — that is, king of all Wales; and the other two under his word, and the word of his word upon each of them; and he was over-ruler and over-elder in every consolidated seat and in every commotion of land and nation.

And so end the six score and six Triads of the Isle of Britain.

And these triads were taken from the book of Caradog of Nantgarfan and from the book of Ieuan Brechfa, by me Thomas Jones of Tregaron; and this is all I could get of the three hundred. — 1601.

Variants for the Foregoing Triads, from the Book of Mr Paul Panton #

Triad III. Three neighbouring islands: Anglesey and Manaw and the Isle of Wight; and twenty-seven small islands; and fourteen mounds(?).

Triad IV. Three chief havens and seven score that are under it(?); and one hundred and fourteen ports; and one hundred and thirteen chief fortresses, &c. — Instead of Caer Seri, C. Grant, C. Urnach, C. Selemion, C. Lisidit, C. Ex — read Caer Siri, C. Grawat, C. Urnaws, C. Selymon, C. Ligidit, C. Exfon.

Triad VI. Instead of Caerleon on Usk, read Mynyw; instead of Bedwini chief bishop, read Bedwini bishop; instead of Penrhyn Rhionydd, read Penrhyn Rhionedd.

Triad X. Three hosts went from this island and not one of them came back: one went with Elen Luyddog and Cynan her brother — and that one never came back. The second went with Eur Luyddog, who came here in the time of Cadial son of Erin to ask help of this island; and none came with him to the first fortress save himself and his servant. He asked from every chief fortress of the island twice as many as should come with him to it; and none came with him within save himself and his servant. And those men of this island were so rash that they gave him the help — and that was the completest host that went from this island; and they came not back, neither they nor their progeny. They remained in the two islands beside the sea of Greece — the names of those men being Gals and Avena(?). The third host went with Caswallon son of Beli, and Gwenwyn and Gwanar sons of Lliaws son of Nwyfre, and Arauron daughter of Beli their mother — going over sea to repel the Caesars’ people from this island. Those men are in Gwasgwyn. The number that went with each of them was one thousand and sixty. And those were the Three Silver Hosts — so called because the gold and silver of the island went with them, and men chosen from best to best. And another host as great as those three hosts went with Maxen Wledig to Llydaw; and when Cynan Meiriadog sent to Dunawd prince of Cornwall to get Ursula his wife, there went of the nobles eleven thousand maidens — the martyrs who are at Cologne — and also forty thousand other women; and not one came back.

Footnote variants: Another — Eur Luyddog: in the age of neither of them. The place where those men lived is the two islands beside the sea of Greece, namely Gals and Avena. Another — Arianrhod. Another — over sea after the Caesars’ people. Another — that is, the number that went in each of those hosts was one thousand and twenty.

Triad XII. Instead of “three battle-bulls”, read “three battle-thick ones”; instead of Cynfawr Cad Cardwc, read Cynfawr Cadgaddug.

Triad XIII. Instead of Elmur son of Cadeir, read Elinwy son of Cadegyr.

Triad XIV. Three humbled supreme heads of the Isle of Britain: Llywarch Hen son of Elidir Lydanwyn; and Manawydan son of Llŷr Llediaith; and Gwgawn Gwron son of Peredur son of Eliffer Gosgorddfawr.

Triad XV. Three supreme heads of Arthur’s court: Goronwy son of Echel Forddwydtwll; and Cadeeith son of Porthor Gadw; and Fleudur Fflam.

Triad XVI. Three supreme heads of Deira and Bernicia: Gall (Kall) son of Dyfgyfdawd; and Ysgafnell (Ysgwnell) son of Dyfgyfdawd; and Diffyddel son of Dyfgyfdawd — and all three were sons of bards.

Triad XVII. Instead of Gwaecradd, read Gwarthrudd, Gwaurudd or Gwawdrudd; instead of “a mian Ferdic”, read Afan Ferddig.

Triad XX. Instead of Rimei, Tmwged and Fryder, read Rhiferi, Dinog and Phryder(?).

Triad XXIV. Instead of Exscel, read Enwael; and add — and Gweir Gwrhyd Fawr.

Triad XXVII. Three valiant men of the Isle of Britain: the three sons of Haiarnfedd Fradog: Grudner, and Henpen, and Edenog.

Triad XXX. Instead of “Pwyll Amwyn”, read “Pwyll Pen Annwn”; instead of Dallweir Dalben, Dallwyr Dallben; instead of Gorddode, Gordody; instead of Llomwen, Llonion; instead of “the eagle Collfreu gave to Brynach”, “the eagle that Coll son of Collfrewy gave to Brerynach”; instead of “Eagle of Brynach”, “Eagle of Breunach”.

Triad XXXII. Three chief enchantments of the Isle of Britain: the enchantment of Math son of Mathonwy; and the enchantment of Uthur Bendragon; and the enchantment of Gwyddelyn the Dwarf.

Triad XXXIII. Instead of Jedrithiawe, read Lledurithog; instead of Menyw, Menw; instead of Gibddar, Kilidar.

Triad XXXIV. Instead of “they asked him nothing by way of compensation lest they be compelled to leave him”, read “they asked him nothing”; instead of “at the Disappearance, who went to sea”, read “who went to the sea”.

XXXV. Instead of “Eda Glin Mawr”, read “Oda Glin Vawr (and Damglymor)”; read the third thus: “And the family of Alan Fyrgan, who turned back from him by night and let his men go to Camlan — and there they were slain.”

Triad XXXVI. Three refuge war-bands of the Isle of Britain: the war-band of Mynyddog Eiddin; and the war-band of Melyn son of Cynfelyn; and the war-band of Dryon son of Nudd.

Triad XXXV. Instead of “the three men who wrought the three good slaughters of the Isle of Britain”, read “the three men who wrought the three good slaughters — the three sons of Deifyfdawd”; instead of “two corpses”, “two persons”; instead of Yscafell, Yscafnell; instead of Diffeddell, Difetdell(?).

Triad XXXVIII. Instead of Eidyn son of Einygan, read Eiddyn son of Einion; instead of “and Llofan Lawddino slew Urien son of Cynfarch”, read “and Cynon son of Clydno Eiddin and Dyfynnal son of Mynedog Eiddin slew Urien son of Cynfarch”.

Footnote variants: Another — the family of Caswallon son of Beli when they were in chains(?). Another — Heiddyn son of Einygan. Another — “and Llofan Lawddifo slew Urien son of Cynfarch”. Another — Dyfgyfdawd. Another — Diffydel.

Triad XXXIX(?) . Instead of “gormedd” read “gormes”; instead of Lludd son of Beli, Caswallon son of Beli; and add after “came back”: “and from Asia they were descended”; the third thus: “the oppression of the Saxons, with Horsa and Hengist as chiefs over them.”

Triad L(?) . Instead of “three concealments and three disclosures of the Isle of Britain”, read “three concealments when they were hidden, and three wrongful disclosures of the Isle of Britain when they were disclosed”; the second concealment thus: “the Bones of Gwrthefyr the Blessed were buried in the chief gates of this island — and as long as they were there no oppression came to the island”; the third thus: “the concealment of the dragons which Lludd son of Beli hid in Dinas Ffaran in the stones of Eryri.”

Triad XLIX(?) . Instead of Matholwch the Irishman, read Mathonog(?); instead of Branwen, Bronwen.

Triad XLVIII(?) . Instead of “horse of Meirchion”, read “Marach”.

Triad XLIX(?). Instead of “chief maiden”, read “chief wives”; read at the end “Gwenhwyfar daughter of Gawrydd Ceint”.

Triad LXI(?). Instead of “the three knights in Arthur’s court who won the Grail”, read “the three virgin knights who were in Arthur’s court — namely Galath son of Lancelot du Lac; Peredur son of Earl Efrog; Burt son of Burt king of Gwasgwyn — wherever these might come, where there was neither giant nor any supernatural thing; for as hardy as were their weapons and as fierce as were their hearts, they could not withstand them.” Instead of Galath, Galaad; instead of Brangor, King Brangor.

Variant note: “who won the Grail and carried it to heaven.”

Triad LXV. Three battle-fated of the Isle of Britain: Selyf son of Cynan Garwyn; and Urien son of Cynfarch; and Afon son of Taliesin.

Triad LXXII(?). Instead of Difwg son of Alban, read Difwng son of Alan; instead of Doler son of Mwrchaib, Golor son of Murtbach.

Triad LXXXII. Three gold-tongued horsemen who were in Arthur’s court: namely Gwalchmai son of Gwyar; Drudwas son of Tryffin; Eliwlot son of Madog son of Uthur — for there was neither king nor earl nor lord who came to these whom they would not heed; and whatever errand they might seek, they themselves would have it, either by goodwill or by displeasure.

Triad LXXXIII. Three royal knights who were in Arthur’s court: namely Nasiews, king of Denmark; Medrod son of Llew son of Cynfarch; Howel son of Emyr Llydaw — and there was neither emperor nor king who could deny their errand to those men, by reason of their fairness and their wisdom when they came in peace; and also there was neither soldier nor warrior who could withstand them when they came in war, as firm as were their weapons; and for that they were called royal knights.

Triad LXXXIV. Instead of “prince of Llychlyn”, read “earl of Llychlyn”; instead of “their quality was”, &c., read “the quality of these was — whoever did wrong to a weak man, whoever he might be, they would prosecute him in the cause of righteousness; and as mighty as they were, they would overcome — for they gave themselves to keep justice upon a weak man. They would help him in each of the three laws: namely Blas in the worldly law; Cadog in the law of the church; Pedrogl in the law of arms; for that they were called the Three Just Knights.”

Triad LXXXV. Instead of “the three men who escaped from Camlan”, &c., read “Three unrefusable knights who were in Arthur’s court: namely Morfran son of Tegid; Sanddef Bryd Angel; and Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr — the quality of these was that no one could deny them whatever errand they might ask: Sanddef for his beauty; Morfran for his ugliness; and Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr for his size and his strength; and therefore no one knew which was best, to give or to refuse them the errand they asked — and for that they were called unrefusable knights.”

Triad LXXXVI. Three counsellor knights who were in Arthur’s court: namely Cynan son of Clydno Eiddin; and Aron son of Cynfarch son of Meirchion Gul; and Llywarch Hen son of Elidir Lydanwyn — and those three knights were the counsellors of Arthur; whatever war or threat there might be upon him, they would counsel him so that no one got the better of Arthur. And for that he prevailed over every nation through three things that followed him: namely good hope and peerless weapons — which Jesus Christ sent him — and the virtue of his soldiers; and for that he wore twelve crowns on his head, and he was emperor in Rome.

Triad XC. Instead of “the three best men for alms”, read “the three best men in Arthur’s court for alms”; instead of “and Chadyrieith Saidi”, “and Chadyryeith son of Saidi”.

The Triads of the Horses #

Triad I(?). Instead of “of Benllech Elidir”, read “of Benllech”; instead of “Gwynda Gyort” and “Gwynda Reinyat”, “Gwyn Da Gyfed” and “Gwyn Da Remat”; instead of Prydelw, Prydelaw; instead of Gelbenefin, Gilbenefyn; after “the horse’s croup”, read “and his feet in the water”; after “the second horse-load carried”, read “the horses of Gwrthmwl Wledig’s troop carried”; instead of “Gweir and Gleis and Aribanat”, read “Gneir and Gleis and Arthynad”.

Triad III. Instead of “tynnedig”, read “rhynedig”; instead of “and Awyddawg of long arm, horse of Cyhoret son of Cynan, and Rhuddfron Tuthfleidd horse of Gilbert son of Cadgyffro”, read “Rhuddfron Tuthfleidd horse of Gilbert son of Cadgyffro, and Awyddawg Yreich Hir, horse of Kyhoret son of Cynan”.

Triad IV. Instead of Bucheflan, read Bucheflom or Buchefdom.

Variant note from another late book: “Three crops and a half upon it of the chief horse-load of the Isle of Britain: Dumoroedd(?) — Elidir in the North to the point of the horse of Elidir Mwynfawr, which carried Llech Elidir in Anglesey — those were…”

Triad V. Instead of Cunin, read Cwsin(?); instead of Rhuddfrych, Arwlviith; instead of Gwelwgan Goboywgein, Cronach Arwch.

Triad VI. Instead of “carn aflog”, read “cyflym”.

Triad VII. Instead of Cynadaf, read Cuneddaf; instead of Arf, Arwl; instead of Rhuddlwyd, Dulwyd.

Triad IX. Instead of Gwkvwyd, read Gwylwlydd.

Triad XI. Instead of Olifer, read Eliffer; instead of Cornille, Carnillo.

Addition from the Book of Paul Panton #

Three battle-knights who were in Arthur’s court: namely Cadwr earl of Cornwall; Lancelot du Lac; and Owain son of Urien Rheged. The quality of these was that they would not yield either to spear or to arrow or to sword; and Arthur had no shame in battle on the day that he could see their faces — and for that they were called battle-knights.

Three enchanted knights who were in Arthur’s court: namely Menw son of Teirgwaedd; Tristan son of Tallwch; Cai Hir son of Cynyr Farfog — for they would transform themselves into the shape they wished when it was hard upon them, and therefore none could overcome them by reason of their strength or their valour or their magic or their enchantment.

To the Triads from which the above variants were taken, these words are appended: “The above Triads I found written in a round(?) hand which was written more than sixty years before this, and their beginning was lost; but as much as I found I transcribed in the manner I found it.” — J. Jones.

To the Triads from which the above additions were taken, these words are appended: “And thus I wrote out of the hand of Simwnt Fychan, finishing the 2nd day of February 1640.” — Jo. Jones.

Closing fragment: Elidir and Eurgein daughter of Maelgwn his wife; and Gwynda Gynydd and Gwynda Rhieiniad and Manach Nawmon as counsellors; and Pedrillaw the steward; and Arian the squire his servant; and Gellfeinefin — and he put his hands on the horse’s croup and that was half the man. The second horse-load was Goron(?), the horse of the sons of Oliffer Gosgorddfawr, which carried Gwrgi and Peredur and Dunod Fwr and Cynfelyn Drwsgl to see the host of Gwenddoleu. The third, the horse of the sons of Gwrthmwl Wledig, which carried Gweir and Gleis and Arthynad against the Allt Faelwr in Ceredigion to avenge their father. It was the quality of Faelwr that no horse-load could have a passage there, and there they slew them.

† Another reading: Cethin Carnaflaw, horse of Iddon son of Emyr Gwent.